low frustration tolerance

Ellis alternatively described low frustration tolerance (LFT) as discomfort anxiety.The Essential Albert Ellis, 1990, p111 He said it was the main irrational belief that young children probably develop.The Essential Albert Ellis, 1990, p32 He said it could be helped by a form of exposure therapy (staying with the discomfort).The Essential Albert Ellis, 1990, p103 Some REBT writers characterise LFT as "I can't stand it", arising from intolerance of discomfort, and resulting in effects such as procrastination and short-range hedonism. They contrast it with High Frustration Tolerance (HFT), characterised by accepting (although not necessarily liking) a situation and choosing to persevere in it.Chapter 9, REBT Theory and Practice, MacLaren, Doyle, DiGuiseppe, publ Sage.

The concept was originally developed by psychologist Albert Ellis who theorized that low frustration tolerance is an evaluative component in dysfunctional and irrational beliefs. His theory of REBT proposes that irrational beliefs and the avoidance of stressful situations is the origin of behavioral and emotional problems. As humans, we tend to seek for instant gratification to avoid pain, ignoring the fact that evading a situation now, will make it more problematic later.

• Inferential hedonism: People's desires are regarding their own hedonic states of pleasure and pain.
• Reinforcement Hedonism: The content of a person's desire, is reinforced because of the pleasure that imagining the specific desire brings.{{Cite journal|last=Justin|first=Garson|year=2015|title=Two types of psychological hedonism|journal=Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences|pages=7–14}}

According to REBT, the way we perceive stressful situations plays a role in how we experience stress. Stress exists as part of the nervous system of humans, and it affects humans' well-being when the degree of stress exceeds their capacity of managing the situation either temporarily or permanently.

LFT has been suggested as a main cause of procrastination. According to Dr. Sarah Edelman, LFT causes us to avoid difficult to endure situations and sometimes to avoid them altogether. This can be a problem because 'achieving many of the things that are important and worthwhile requires us to take actions that involve some discomfort.'{{cite book|last1=Edelman|first1=Sarah|title=Change your thinking : positive and practical ways to overcome stress, negative emotions and self-defeating behaviour using CBT|date=2002|publisher=ABC Books|location=Sydney|isbn=978-0733310188}} Avoiding difficult situations and tasks can also prevent us from dealing constructively with problems, such as ending unpleasant relationships, improving unhealthy lifestyles, and moving on from dissatisfying jobs. Moreover, tasks perceived as boring, difficult or demanding of greater effort, are said to make a person more likely to procrastinate.{{Cite journal|last=Harrington|first=Neil|year=2005|title=It's too difficult! Frustration intolerance beliefs and procrastination|journal=Personality and Individual Differences|volume=39|issue=5|pages=873–883|doi=10.1016/j.paid.2004.12.018}}

In REBT, reducing irrational beliefs and increasing rational beliefs can reduce LFT. This cognitive restructuring allows a modification of dysfunctional thinking and acting, and allows people to change thoughts of great distress like:

• "Existing conditions must be changed to give me what I like, otherwise I can't stand it and I can't be happy at all!"
• "I must have immediate gratification and have to have it, or else I can't stand it and my life is awful"
• "I can't stand hassles"

Into more rational and less exaggerated thoughts like:

• "I don't like existing conditions"
• "I would like immediate gratification"
• "I find hassles and frustrations inconvenient"

The frustration discomfort scale (FDS), a multidimensional measure for LFT, was developed using REBT theories.

These dimensions were labelled in four categories:{{Cite journal|last=Harrington|first=Neil|year=2005|title=The Frustration Discomfort Scale: Development and Psychometric Properties|journal=Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy|volume=12|issue=5|pages=374–387|doi=10.1002/cpp.465}}

1. Emotional intolerance, involving intolerance of emotional distress.
2. Entitlement, involving intolerance of unfairness and frustrated gratification.
3. Discomfort intolerance, involving intolerance of difficulties and hassles.
4. Achievement, involving intolerance of frustrated achievement goals.

Ellis said the path to tolerance consisted of many roads, including unconditional self-acceptance, unconditional other-acceptance and unconditional life-acceptance.The Road To Tolerance, Albert Ellis, 2004, Prometheus Books, Conclusion (p211)

• Frustration–aggression hypothesis

{{Reflist}}

• [http://www.rebtnetwork.org/ REBT Network -- Albert Ellis and Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy]
• [http://www.albertellis.org/ The Albert Ellis Institute]

Category:Symptoms and signs of mental disorders

Category:Hedonism