magic truffle
{{Short description|Hallucinogenic mushroom preparation}}
{{use dmy dates |date=November 2024}}
File:Paddo products Warmoesstraat Amsterdam april 2007.JPG and magic truffles on display in 2007]]
Magic truffles are the sclerotia of psilocybin mushrooms that are not technically the same as "mushrooms". They are masses of mycelium that contain the fruiting body which contains the hallucinogenic chemicals psilocybin and psilocin.
In October 2007, the prohibition of hallucinogenic or "magic mushrooms" was announced by the Dutch authorities.{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/10/12/AR2007101202239.html |title=Dutch Declare Hallucinogenic Mushrooms Illegal |newspaper=The Washington Post |date= 2007-10-13 |accessdate=2017-11-02 |first=Toby |last=Sterling}}{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/netherlands-imposes-total-ban-on-magic-mushrooms-396774.html |title=Netherlands imposes total ban on 'magic' mushrooms |newspaper=The Independent |date=2007-10-13 |accessdate=2017-11-02 |location=London |first=James |last=MacIntyre}} The ban on mushrooms did not outlaw the hallucinogenic species in sclerotium form, due to authorities believing it to be weaker than the mushrooms. Psilocybin truffles which once made little sales became the only legal option to produce.{{cite news |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/hamilton-and-the-philosophers-stone-part-1/ |title=Hamilton and the Philosopher's Stone |work=Vice |date=2012-02-13 |accessdate=2017-02-11 |location=Amsterdam |first=Hamilton |last=Morris}} Today, smart shops in the Netherlands offer magic truffles as a legal alternative to the outlawed mushrooms.
Addiction and tolerance
Physical addiction to magic truffles has never been documented. As the psychoactive constituent of magic truffles is psilocybin, the prodrug to psilocin, addiction is not possible by conventional definitions.{{Cite journal |last1=Johnson |first1=Matthew W. |last2=Griffiths |first2=Roland R. |last3=Hendricks |first3=Peter S. |last4=Henningfield |first4=Jack E. |date=2018 |title=The abuse potential of medical psilocybin according to the 8 factors of the Controlled Substances Act |journal=Neuropharmacology |language=en |volume=142 |pages=143–166 |doi=10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.05.012 |pmc=6791528 |pmid=29753748}} Additionally, there is strong evidence to suggest there is little to no potential for psychological dependence on psilocybin.{{cite journal |last1=Johansen |last2=Krebs |date=29 March 2015 |title=Psychedelics not linked to mental health problems or suicidal behavior: a population study |journal=Journal of Psychopharmacology |volume=29 |issue=3 |pages=270–279 |doi=10.1177/0269881114568039|pmid=25744618 |s2cid=2025731 }}
Tolerance to magic truffles specifically is not well researched. However, tolerance to psilocybin is a well understood concept, with repeatedly higher doses being needed in order to achieve the same effect, due to the down regulation of 5HT2A receptors.{{cite book |last1=Aronson |title=Meyler's Side Effects of Drugs |date=2016 |publisher=Elsevier |isbn=978-0-444-53716-4 |edition=16 |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/referencework/9780444537164/meylers-side-effects-of-drugs}} There is also documented cross-tolerance between psilocybin and LSD, meaning that a higher dose of these substances is needed to get the same effect when a person consumes them with high frequency. Through temporary abstinence the tolerance returns to baseline.{{Cite journal |last1=Isbell |first1=Harris |last2=Wolbach |first2=A. B. |last3=Wikler |first3=A. |last4=Miner |first4=E. J. |date=1961-05-01 |title=Cross tolerance between LSD and psilocybin |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00407974 |journal=Psychopharmacologia |language=en |volume=2 |issue=3 |pages=147–159 |doi=10.1007/BF00407974 |pmid=13717955 |s2cid=7746880 |issn=1432-2072}}
Species
There are five different types of truffles:
- Psilocybe atlantis
- Psilocybe galindoi
- Psilocybe mexicana (Jalisco/Mexicana A)
- Psilocybe pajaritos
- Psilocybe tampanensis
See also
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
- [https://doubleblindmag.com/magic-truffles-psilocybe-tampanensis/ The Tragic Story Of Magic Truffles: The Elusive Wild Psilocybe - Double Blind Magazine]
{{Psychedelics}}