maloya

Compared to séga, which employs numerous string and wind European instruments, traditional maloya uses only percussion and the musical bow. Maloya songs employ a call-response structure.{{cite book |title=The other hybrid archipelago: introduction to the literatures and cultures of the francophone Indian Ocean |last=Hawkins |first=Peter |year=2007 |publisher=Lexington Books |isbn=978-0-7391-1676-0 |page=135 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sa8MVme3hjsC&q=maloya+music |access-date=2009-07-31}}

Traditional instruments include:

• roulér – a low-tuned barrel drum played with the hands
• kayamb – a flat rattle made from sugar cane tubes and seeds
• pikér – a bamboo idiophone played with sticks
• sati – a flat metal idiophone played with sticks
• bob – a braced, struck musical bow{{cite book |title=The Garland encyclopedia of world music |author1=James Porter |author2=Timothy Rice |author3=Chris Goertzen |year=1999 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |location=Indiana University |isbn=978-0-8240-4946-1 |page=30 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZOlNv8MAXIEC&q=sega+music |access-date=2009-07-31}}

Maloya songs are often politically oriented{{cite book |title=Mauritius, Réunion & Seychelles |author1=Tom Masters |author2=Jan Dodd |author3=Jean-Bernard Carillet |year=2007 |publisher=Lonely Planet |isbn=978-1-74104-727-1 |page=[https://archive.org/details/lonelyplanetmaur00tomm/page/45 45] |url=https://archive.org/details/lonelyplanetmaur00tomm |url-access=registration |quote=origin sega music. |access-date=2009-07-31}} and their lyrical themes are often slavery and poverty.

The indigenous music and dance form of maloya was often presented as a style of purely African origin, linked ancestral rituals from Africa ("service Kaf" and Madagascar (the "servis kabaré"), and as such a musical inheritance of the early slave population of the island. More recently, however, the possible influence of the sacred drumming of the Tamil religious rituals has been introduced by Danyèl Waro, which makes Maloya' heterogeneous African Malagasy and Indian influences more explicit.{{cite book |last=Hawkins |first=Peter |editor-first=Kamal|editor-last=Salhi |title=Francophone Post-Colonial Cultures: Critical Essays |publisher=Lexington Books| year=2003| pages=311–320|chapter=How Appropriate is the Term "Post-colonial" to the Cultural Production of Reunion? |isbn=978-0-7391-0568-9}}

Maloya was banned until the sixties because of its strong association with creole culture. Performances by some maloya groups were banned until the eighties, partly because of their autonomist beliefs and association with the Communist Party of Réunion

Nowadays, one of the most famous maloya musicians is Danyèl Waro. His mentor, Firmin Viry, is credited as having rescued maloya from extinction. According to Françoise Vergès, the first public performance of maloya was by Firmin Viry in 1959 at the founding of the Communist Party.Francoise Verges, Monsters and Revolutionaries, pp.309–10, n.3 Maloya was adopted as a medium for political and social protest by Creole poets such as Waro, and later by groups such as Ziskakan. Since the start of the 1980s, maloya groups, such as Ziskakan, Baster, Firmin Viry, Granmoun Baba, Rwa Kaff and Ti Fock, some mixing maloya with other genres such as séga, zouk, reggae, samba, afrobeat, jazz and rock, have had recognition outside the island.{{cite book

|title=Music is the weapon of the future: fifty years of African popular music

|author=Frank Tenaille

|publisher=Chicago Review Press

|year=2002

|isbn=1-55652-450-1

|page=92}}

Maloya was inscribed in 2009 on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity of UNESCO for France.{{Cite web|url=http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/index.php?RL=00249|title=Intangible Heritage Home – intangible heritage – Culture Sector – UNESCO|website=www.unesco.org|language=en|access-date=2018-09-17}}

This musical form was the subject of a 1994 documentary film by Jean Paul Roig, entitled Maloya Dousman.{{cite web|title=Maloya Dousman|url=http://www.fcat.es/FCAT/index.php?option=com_zoo&task=item&item_id=528&Itemid=37|work=Festival listing|publisher=African Film Festival of Cordoba|access-date=12 March 2012}}

• Sega music, the other traditional music of Réunion
• Music of Réunion
• List of Réunionnais
• {{section link|List of blues genres|Blues-like genres}}

{{Commons}}

• [https://web.archive.org/web/20110706222436/http://www.celat.ulaval.ca/histoire.memoire/cm_articles/cm3_4_lagarde.pdf Article on maloya at Université Laval (in French)]

{{Genres of African popular music}}

{{UNESCO Oral and Intangible music}}

Category:Music of Réunion

Category:Music of East Africa

Category:French styles of music

Category:Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity

Category:African music genres