maneuvering speed

{{Short description|Airspeed limitation selected by the designer of the aircraft}}

[[File:Vgdiagram.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|Vg diagram. Note the 1g stall speed, and the Maneuvering Speed (Corner Speed) for both positive and negative g. The maximum “never-exceed” placard dive speeds are determined for smooth air only.

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In aviation, the maneuvering speed of an aircraft is an airspeed limitation at which the full deflection of the controls can be made at without risking structural damage.Federal Aviation Administration, [http://rgl.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgAdvisoryCircular.nsf/0/d1a4060f22939f36862572eb0061ca3f/$FILE/AC%2023-19A.pdf Advisory Circular 23-19A, Airframe Guide for Certification of Part 23 Airplanes, Section 48 (p.27)] Retrieved 2012-01-06

The maneuvering speed of an aircraft is shown on a cockpit placard and in the aircraft's flight manual but is not commonly shown on the aircraft's airspeed indicator.

In the context of air combat maneuvering (ACM), the maneuvering speed is also known as corner speed or cornering speed.[https://web.archive.org/web/20110927154821/https://www.cnatra.navy.mil/pubs/folder5/NFO_SNFO/P-821(2).PDF CNATRA P-821 (Rev. 01-08) "Flight Training Instruction, Advanced Naval Flight Officer (T-45C)".] Department of the Navy, 2008.

Implications

It has been widely misunderstood that flight below maneuvering speed will provide total protection from structural failure. In response to the destruction of American Airlines Flight 587, a CFR Final Rule was issued clarifying that "flying at or below the design maneuvering speed does not allow a pilot to make multiple large control inputs in one airplane axis or single full control inputs in more than one airplane axis at a time". Such actions "may result in structural failures at any speed, including below the maneuvering speed."Federal Aviation Administration, [http://rgl.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgFinalRule.nsf/0/395c3f064247018a862577b200495b5a!OpenDocument 14CFR §25.1583 Final Rule] Retrieved 2012-01-06

Design maneuvering speed V<sub>A</sub>

V_A is the design maneuvering speed and is a calibrated airspeed. Maneuvering speed cannot be slower than $V_s \sqrt{n}$ and need not be greater than V_c.[http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/retrieveECFR?gp=1&SID=0eb6ca22ab5efa94f23f757d30af7726&h=L&n=14y1.0.1.3.10&r=PART&ty=HTML#14:1.0.1.3.10.3.70.9 14 CFR §23.335(c)(2)] Definition of Maneuvering Speed

If $V_A$ is chosen by the manufacturer to be exactly $V_s \sqrt{n}$ the aircraft will stall in a nose-up pitching maneuver before the structure is subjected to its limiting aerodynamic load. However, if $V_A$ is selected to be greater than $V_s \sqrt{n}$ , the structure will be subjected to loads which exceed the limiting load unless the pilot checks the maneuver.

The maneuvering speed or maximum operating maneuvering speed depicted on a cockpit placard is calculated for the maximum weight of the aircraft. Some Pilot's Operating Handbooks also present safe speeds for weights less than the maximum.

The formula used to calculate a safe speed for a lower weight is $\scriptstyle V_A \sqrt{W_2 \over W_1}$ , where V_A is maneuvering speed (at maximum weight), W₂ is actual weight, W₁ is maximum weight.{{Cite book | title=Jeppesen Instrument/Commercial Manual |year=2000 |publisher=Jeppesen Sanderson |isbn=0-88487-274-2}}

Maximum operating maneuvering speed V<sub>O</sub>

Some aircraft have a maximum operating maneuvering speed V_O. Note that this is a different concept than design maneuvering speed. The concept of maximum operating maneuvering speed was introduced to the US type-certification standards for light aircraft in 1993.[http://rgl.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgFAR.nsf/0/2A0AA756267EFE8F85256687007232CC?OpenDocument USA 14 CFR §23.1507] Retrieved 2012-01-06 The maximum operating maneuvering speed is selected by the aircraft designer and cannot be more than $V_s \sqrt{n}$ , where V_s is the stalling speed of the aircraft, and n is the maximal allowed positive load factor.{{Citation needed|date=September 2019}}

References

External links

{{CodeFedReg|14|23|335}} "Design airspeeds"

Category:Airspeed

Category:Aerodynamics