marbled frogmouth
{{Use Australian English|date=June 2020}}
{{short description|Species of bird}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{speciesbox
| image = Marbled Frogmouth A22I6539.jpg
| image_caption = Subspecies marmoratus pair
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| genus = Podargus
| species = ocellatus
| authority = Quoy & Gaimard, 1832
| synonyms =
}}
Image:Marbled Frogmouth - Mount Glorious, Queensland.jpg, Australia]]
The marbled frogmouth (Podargus ocellatus) is a bird in the family Podargidae. The species was first described by Jean René Constant Quoy and Joseph Paul Gaimard in 1830. It is found in the Aru Islands, New Guinea and Queensland. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest and subtropical or tropical moist montane forest.
Taxonomy
There are five subspecies recognised; the nominate ocellatus is found in New Guinea and surrounding islands. Two subspecies are found on islands of Papua New Guinea; intermedius is found on Trobriand Islands and D'Entrecasteaux Islands, meeki is endemic to Tagula Island. Australia has two subspecies; marmoratus is found on Cape York Peninsula, plumiferus (known locally as the plumed frogmouth) is found in south-east Queensland.{{Cite web |url=http://www.planetofbirds.com/caprimulgiformes-podargidae-marbled-frogmouth-podargus-ocellatus |title=Marbled Frogmouth (Podargus ocellatus) » Planet of Birds |access-date=16 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714212459/http://www.planetofbirds.com/caprimulgiformes-podargidae-marbled-frogmouth-podargus-ocellatus |archive-date=14 July 2014 |url-status=dead }}{{cite web|url=http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/publications/action/birds2000/pubs/plumed-frogmouth.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2013-05-16 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120618074443/http://environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/publications/action/birds2000/pubs/plumed-frogmouth.pdf |archive-date=2012-06-18 }}
Rigidipenna inexpectatus, endemic to four islands in the Solomon Islands, was formerly considered a subspecies. It was split into its own genus, Rigidipenna, in 2007.Cleere et al. 2007. A new genus of frogmouth (Podargidae) from the Solomon Islands – results from a taxonomic review of Podargus ocellatus inexpectatus Hartert 1901. Ibis 149:271-286
Distribution and habitat
The Conondale ranges in Queensland's Sunshine Coast is considered a stronghold for the plumed frogmouth; notable populations are within the Conondale National Park. The species is rare and is listed as vulnerable in Queensland and occurs in subtropical rainforest and vineforest at altitudes from 50–800 m.Smith, G.C., Hamley, B.J., Lees, N., 1998. An Estimate of the Plumed Frogmouth Podargus ocellatus plumiferus Population Size in the Conondale Ranges [WWW Document]. URL http://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=668756953042077;res=IELNZC {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116065549/http://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary |date=16 November 2017 }} (accessed 4.16.14). The species roosts in the canopy of and is considered cryptic and extremely hard to find or study. Current populations are threatened by land clearing, inappropriate fire regimes and timber harvesting with future impacts of climate change posing additional risks.Smith, G.C., Hamley, B.J., 2009. Variation in vocal response of Plumed Frogmouth (Podargus ocellatus plumiferus) to call-playback. Emu 109, 339–343. There have been estimates of the current pairs in the Conondale ranges being around 800 pairs with the current range of the species is just under 2000 ha with some potential future habitat increase in population being created by regenerating rainforest previously logged. Its specialised habitat requirements being un-logged pristine forests, the species is considered extremely vulnerable due to significant habitat reduction. Future harvesting of native timber in the Conondale region also poses risk.
Behavior
P. ocellatus is a nocturnal ground feeder. During the day, it sleeps on a tree branch with its beak pointing upward, taking on the appearance of a tree branch. To cope with the heat and humidity of its tropical home, P. ocellatus has heart and respiration rates lower than is typical for birds of its size. During periods of hyperthermia, it will enact panting as a cooling mechanism, with more efficient cooling effect than is seen in other bird species performing the same action.{{cite journal |last1=Lasiewski |first1=Robert C. |last2=Dawson |first2=William R. |last3=Bartholomew |first3=George A. |title=Temperature Regulation in the Little Papuan Frogmouth, Podargus ocellatus |journal=The Condor |date=July 1970 |volume=72 |issue=3 |pages=332–338 |doi=10.2307/1366012|jstor=1366012 }}
References
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Category:Birds of Cape York Peninsula
Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot