marshal of Italy

{{Short description|Rank in the Royal Italian Army}}

{{refimprove|date=September 2022}}

{{Infobox military rank

| name = Marshal of Italy

| native_name = {{native name|it|Maresciallo d'Italia}}

| image = Flag of four star general of Italy.svg

| image_size = 100px

| alt =

| caption = Army rank flag

| image2 = Italy-Army-WW2-OF-10.svg

| image_size2 = 50px

| alt2 =

| caption2 = Marshal of Italy sleeve rank insignia (1933–45)

| image3 =

| image_size3 =

| alt3 =

| caption3 =

| country = {{flag|Kingdom of Italy}}

| service branch = {{army|Kingdom of Italy}}
{{air force|Kingdom of Italy}}

| abbreviation =

| rank group =

| rank =

| NATO rank =

| Non-NATO rank =

| pay grade =

| formation = 4 November 1924

| abolished = 18 January 1947

| higher rank = First Marshal of the Empire

| lower rank = Army general

| equivalents = Grand admiral
Marshal of the air force

| history =

}}

Marshal of Italy ({{langx|it|Maresciallo d'Italia}}) was a rank in the Royal Italian Army (Regio Esercito). Originally created in 1924 by Italian dictator Benito Mussolini for the purpose of honoring generals Luigi Cadorna and Armando Diaz, the rank was granted to several other general officers from 1926 to 1943. The rank was the highest in the Italian Army prior to the creation of the rank of First Marshal of the Empire in 1938. The rank of Marshal of Italy was abolished in 1946 with the creation of the Italian Republic. The equivalent Royal Navy (Regia Marina) rank was Grand admiral (Grande Ammiraglio), while the equivalent Air Force (Regia Aeronautica) rank was Marshal of the Air (Maresciallo dell'Aria).[http://www.esercito.difesa.it/root/Uniformi/gradi_spalline_2GMg.asp Page] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071223114422/http://www.esercito.difesa.it/root/uniformi/gradi_spalline_2GMg.asp |date=2007-12-23 }} of the Italian Army (Esercito Italiano) home site - www.esercito.difesa.it.

The rank was formally abolished on 18 January 1947 by the Provisional Head of State Enrico de Nicola.{{Cite web |title=DECRETO LEGISLATIVO DEL CAPO PROVVISORIO DELLO STATO 18 gennaio 1947, n. 66 - Normattiva |url=https://www.normattiva.it/atto/caricaDettaglioAtto?atto.dataPubblicazioneGazzetta=1947-03-12&atto.codiceRedazionale=047U0066&atto.articolo.numero=0&atto.articolo.sottoArticolo=1&atto.articolo.sottoArticolo1=10&qId=&tabID=0.39252217019434754&title=lbl.dettaglioAtto |access-date=2022-04-09 |website=www.normattiva.it}}

List of the Marshals of Italy

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
Portrait

! Name

! Date of promotion

! Military

! Notes

! Chief of the Defence Staff

! Chief of Staff

80px

| Luigi Cadorna
{{small|(1850–1928)}}

| rowspan=3|4 November 1924

| {{Army|Kingdom of Italy|name=Army}}

|

|

| {{small|1914–17}}

80px

| Armando Diaz
{{small|(1861–1928)}}

| {{Army|Kingdom of Italy|name=Army}}

|

|

| {{small|1917–19}}

80px

| Paolo Thaon di Revel
{{small|(1859–1948)}}

| {{Navy|Kingdom of Italy|name=Navy}}

|

|

|

80px

| Prince Emanuele Filiberto, Duke of Aosta
{{small|(1869–1931)}}

| rowspan=5|25 June 1926

| {{Army|Kingdom of Italy|name=Army}}

|

|

|

80px

| Pietro Badoglio
{{small|(1871–1956)}}

| {{Army|Kingdom of Italy|name=Army}}

| Succeeded Mussolini as Prime Minister in 1943, following the fall of the Fascist regime

| {{small|1925–40}}

| {{small|1919–21, 1925–27}}

80px

| Enrico Caviglia
{{small|(1862–1945)}}

| {{Army|Kingdom of Italy|name=Army}}

|

|

|

80px

| Gaetano Giardino
{{small|(1864–1935)}}

| {{Army|Kingdom of Italy|name=Army}}

|

|

|

80px

| Guglielmo Pecori Giraldi
{{small|(1856–1941)}}

| {{Army|Kingdom of Italy|name=Army}}

|

|

|

80px

| Italo Balbo
{{small|(1896–1940)}}

| 13 August 1933

| {{Air Force|Kingdom of Italy|name=Air Force}}

| Co-leader of the 1922 March on Rome. Marshal of the Royal Italian Air Force; died in 1940 in a friendly fire incident over Tobruk

|

|

80px

| Emilio De Bono
{{small|(1866–1944)}}

| 16 November 1935

| {{Army|Kingdom of Italy|name=Army}}

| Co-leader of the 1922 March on Rome

|

|

80px

| Rodolfo Graziani
{{small|(1882–1955)}}

| 9 May 1936

| {{Army|Kingdom of Italy|name=Army}}

| After the Armistice of Cassibile, commanded the National Republican Army

|

| {{small|1939–41}}

80px

| Ugo Cavallero
{{small|(1880–1943)}}

| 1 July 1942

| {{Army|Kingdom of Italy|name=Army}}

|

| {{small|1941–43}}

|

80px

| Ettore Bastico
{{small|(1876–1972)}}

| 12 August 1942

| {{Army|Kingdom of Italy|name=Army}}

| Governor-General of Italian Libya. Commander-in-chief of Axis forces in the North African campaign; promoted to have rank equal to field marshal Erwin Rommel

|

|

80px

| Umberto, Prince of Piedmont
{{small|(1904–1983)}}

| 29 October 1942

| {{Army|Kingdom of Italy|name=Army}}

| Later King Umberto II

|

|

80px

| Giovanni Messe
{{small|(1883–1968)}}

| 12 May 1943

| {{Army|Kingdom of Italy|name=Army}}

|

| {{small|1943–45}}

|

Gallery

ENR-Maresciallo d'Italia.svg|Social Republic

Rank insignia of maresciallo d'Italia of the Italian Army (1945-1947).png|1945–47{{cite web |title=Le Insegne di grado dal 1945 al 1972 |url=http://www.esercito.difesa.it/Equipaggiamenti/Militaria/Gradi/Gradinonpiùinuso/LeInsegnedigradodal1945al1972/Pagine/default.aspx |website=esercito.difesa.it |publisher=Italian Army |access-date=16 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110704143749/http://www.esercito.difesa.it/Equipaggiamenti/Militaria/Gradi/Gradinonpi%C3%B9inuso/LeInsegnedigradodal1945al1972/Pagine/default.aspx |archive-date=4 July 2011 |language=it}}

See also

References

{{reflist}}

{{Marshals of Italy}}

Category:Military ranks of Italy

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