mast cell stabilizer
{{Short description|Category of pharmaceutical drugs}}
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Mast cell stabilizers are medications used to prevent or treat certain allergic disorders. They block mast cell degranulation, stabilizing the cell and thereby preventing the release of histamine and related mediators. One suspected pharmacodynamic mechanism is the blocking of IgE-regulated calcium channels. Without intracellular calcium, the histamine vesicles cannot fuse to the cell membrane and degranulate.
As inhalers they are used to treat asthma, as nasal sprays to treat hay fever (allergic rhinitis) and as eye drops for allergic conjunctivitis.{{cite journal |vauthors=Castillo M, Scott NW, Mustafa MZ, Mustafa MS, Azuara-Blanco A |title= Topical antihistamines and mast cell stabilisers for treating seasonal and perennial allergic conjunctivitis |journal=Cochrane Database Syst Rev|volume=2015 |issue= 6 |pages= CD009566 |date=2015 |pmid= 26028608 |doi= 10.1002/14651858.CD009566.pub2|pmc= 10616535 |hdl= 2164/6048 |hdl-access= free }} Finally, in oral form, they are used to treat the rare condition of mastocytosis.{{cite journal |vauthors=Castells M, Butterfield J |title=Mast Cell Activation Syndrome and Mastocytosis: Initial Treatment Options and Long-Term Management |journal=J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract |volume=7 |issue=4 |pages=1097–1106 |date=April 2019 |pmid=30961835 |doi=10.1016/j.jaip.2019.02.002 |url=}}
Examples
Mast cell stabilizer medications include:
- cromoglicic acid (cromolyn/cromoglycate){{cite web|url=https://www.drugs.com/drug-class/mast-cell-stabilizers.html |title=Mast cell stabilizers |publisher=drugs.com |access-date=2 April 2023}}{{cite journal |vauthors=Zhang L, Song J, Hou X |title=Mast Cells and Irritable Bowel Syndrome: From the Bench to the Bedside |journal=J Neurogastroenterol Motil |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=181–92 |date=April 2016 |pmid=26755686 |pmc=4819856 |doi=10.5056/jnm15137}}{{cite book|doi=10.1016/B978-141603677-7.50006-6|quote=Sodium cromoglycate (cromolyn sodium) has now been available in an intranasal format OTC for almost 10 years[...] Nedocromil is much more potent [...] Other ophthalmic mast cell stabilizers include cromolyn sodium, ketotifen, and pemirolast, and topical antihistamines such as olopatadine also demonstrate mast-cell stabilizing effects. Cromolyn sodium is also used as an oral preparation for the treatment of mastocytosis and has been used off-label in the management of food allergy|date=15 May 2009 |chapter=Principles of Allergy Management |title=Managing the Allergic Patient |last1=Chadwick |first1=Stephen J. |pages=19–72 |isbn=978-1-4160-3677-7 }}
- ketotifen{{cite journal |vauthors=Finn DF, Walsh JJ |title=Twenty-first century mast cell stabilizers |journal=Br J Pharmacol |volume=170 |issue=1 |pages=23–37 |date=September 2013 |pmid=23441583 |pmc=3764846 |doi=10.1111/bph.12138}}{{cite journal |vauthors=Nwaru BI, Dhami S, Sheikh A |title=Idiopathic Anaphylaxis |journal=Curr Treat Options Allergy |volume=4 |issue=3 |pages=312–319 |date=2017 |pmid=28890861 |pmc=5569651 |doi=10.1007/s40521-017-0136-2}}{{cite journal |vauthors=El-Alali EA, Abukhiran IM, Alhmoud TZ |title=Successful use of montelukast in eosinophilic gastroenteritis: a case report and a literature review |journal=BMC Gastroenterol |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=279 |date=July 2021 |pmid=34238222 |pmc=8265096 |doi=10.1186/s12876-021-01854-x|doi-access=free }}
- lodoxamide{{cite book|doi=10.1016/B978-0-323-95061-9.00038-2|quote=Evidence is insufficient to compare the efficacy of available ocular mast cell stabilizers (cromolyn, lodoxamide, nedocromil) |chapter=Conventional medications for the treatment of allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis |title=Allergic and Immunologic Diseases |date=2022 |pages=1077–1109 |isbn=978-0-323-95061-9 | vauthors = Feuille EJ, Phipatanakul W, Permaul P }}
- nedocromil
- pemirolast
- olopatadine
Research
The following substances are studied on their potential mast cell stabilizing effects, but the current results are inconclusive:
- vitamin D{{cite journal | last1 = Lui | first1 = ZQ | last2 = Lii | first2 = XX | last3 = Qui | first3 = ZQ | last4 = Yu | first4 = Y | last5 = Li | first5 = MG | title = Vitamin D contributes to mast cell stabilization. | journal = Allergy | volume = 72 | issue = 8 | pages = 1184–1192 | year = 2017 | pmid = 27998003 | doi = 10.1111/all.13110 | s2cid = 4643742 }}
- quercetin{{cite journal |last1=Weng |first1=Zuyi |last2=Zhang |first2=Bodi |last3=Asadi |first3=Shahrzad |last4=Sismanopoulos |first4=Nikolaos |last5=Butcher |first5=Alan |last6=Fu |first6=Xueyan |last7=Katsarou-Katsari |first7=Alexandra |last8=Antoniou |first8=Christina |last9=Theoharides |first9=Theoharis C. |title=Quercetin Is More Effective than Cromolyn in Blocking Human Mast Cell Cytokine Release and Inhibits Contact Dermatitis and Photosensitivity in Humans |journal=PLOS ONE |date=28 March 2012 |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=e33805 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0033805 |doi-access=free |pmid=22470478 |pmc=3314669 |bibcode=2012PLoSO...733805W }}