material nonimplication

{{Short description|Logical connective}}

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File:Venn0100.svg of P \nrightarrow Q]]

Material nonimplication or abjunction ({{Etymology|la|ab|away||junctio|to join}}) is a term referring to a logic operation used in generic circuits and Boolean algebra.{{cite journal|last=Berco |first=Dan|last2=Ang|first2=Diing Shenp|last3=Kalaga| first3=Pranav Sairam|title=Programmable Photoelectric Memristor Gates for In Situ Image Compression|journal=Advanced Intelligent Systems| volume=2|issue=9 |year=2020|doi=10.1002/aisy.202000079|page=5|doi-access=free}} It is the negation of material implication. That is to say that for any two propositions P and Q, the material nonimplication from P to Q is true if and only if the negation of the material implication from P to Q is true. This is more naturally stated as that the material nonimplication from P to Q is true only if P is true and Q is false.

It may be written using logical notation as P \nrightarrow Q, P \not \supset Q, or "Lpq" (in Bocheński notation), and is logically equivalent to \neg (P \rightarrow Q), and P \land \neg Q.

Definition

=Truth table=

{{2-ary truth table|0|0|1|0|A \nrightarrow B}}

=Logical equivalences=

Material nonimplication may be defined as the negation of material implication.

style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid darkgray;"
P \nrightarrow Q

|   \Leftrightarrow  

| \neg (P \rightarrow Q)

50px

|   \Leftrightarrow  

| \neg 50px

In classical logic, it is also equivalent to the negation of the disjunction of \neg P and Q, and also the conjunction of P and \neg Q

style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid darkgray;"
P \nrightarrow Q

|   \Leftrightarrow  

| \neg(

| \neg P

| \lor

| Q)

|   \Leftrightarrow  

| P

| \land

| \neg Q

50px

|   \Leftrightarrow  

| \neg(

| 50px

| \lor

| 50px)

|   \Leftrightarrow  

| 50px

| \land

| 50px

Properties

falsehood-preserving: The interpretation under which all variables are assigned a truth value of "false" produces a truth value of "false" as a result of material nonimplication.

Symbol

The symbol for material nonimplication is simply a crossed-out material implication symbol. Its Unicode symbol is 219B16 (8603 decimal): ↛.

Natural language

=Grammatical=

"p minus q."

"p without q."

=Rhetorical=

"p but not q."

"q is false, in spite of p."

Computer science

Bitwise operation: A & ~B. This is usually called "bit clear" (BIC) or "and not" (ANDN).

Logical operation: A && !B.

See also

References

{{Reflist}}