microvascular occlusion

{{Infobox medical condition

|name =

|synonym =

|image =

|image_size =

|alt =

|caption =

|pronounce =

|specialty = Dermatology

|symptoms =

|complications =

|onset =

|duration =

|types =

|causes =

|risks =

|diagnosis =

|differential =

|prevention =

|treatment =

|medication =

|prognosis =

|frequency =

|deaths =

}}

Microvascular occlusion refers to conditions that can present with retiform purpura.{{cite book|author1=Jean L. Bolognia|author2=Joseph L. Jorizzo|author3=Ronald P. Rapini|title=Dermatology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f2IwYiyh3YUC&pg=PT390|accessdate=20 May 2011|date=27 August 2003|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-0-323-02578-2|pages=390–}} It has been suggested that phenylephrine may be a cause.{{Cite journal | last1 = Kalajian | first1 = AH. | last2 = Turpen | first2 = KB. | last3 = Donovan | first3 = KO. | last4 = Malone | first4 = JC. | last5 = Callen | first5 = JP. | title = Phenylephrine-induced microvascular occlusion syndrome in a patient with a heterozygous factor V Leiden mutation | journal = Arch Dermatol | volume = 143 | issue = 10 | pages = 1314–7 |date=Oct 2007 | doi = 10.1001/archderm.143.10.1314 | pmid = 17938347 | doi-access = free }}

Signs and symptoms

Microvascular occlusions appears as bland necrosis without inflammation and retiform purpura.{{cite journal | last=Dehghani | first=Shakiba | last2=Abtahi-Naeini | first2=Bahareh | title=COVID-19: A new cause of cutaneous microvascular occlusion syndrome | journal=Journal of Research in Medical Sciences | publisher=Medknow | volume=26 | issue=1 | year=2021 | issn=1735-1995 | doi=10.4103/jrms.jrms_560_21 | doi-access=free | page=119| pmc=8765522 }}

Causes

Microvascular occlusions can be caused by heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, cryoglobulinemia, angioinvasive organisms, embolization, disseminated intravascular coagulation, livedoid vasculopathy, cell occlusion syndromes, and iatrogenic causes.

Outlook

The outcomes of microvascular occlusions are usually influenced by the degree, length, nature of the underlying cause, and prompt and effective treatment.

References

{{reflist}}

Further reading

  • {{cite journal | last=Hosseini | first=Nastaran-Sadat | last2=Babaei | first2=Sharareh | last3=Rahimi | first3=Hamid | last4=Gheissari | first4=Alaleh | last5=Sedaghat | first5=Banafsheh | last6=Pourmahdi-Boroujeni | first6=Mahsa | last7=Abtahi-Naeini | first7=Bahareh | title=Cutaneous microvascular occlusion syndrome as the first manifestation of catastrophic lupus-associated antiphospholipid antibody syndrome: a case report | journal=Journal of Medical Case Reports | volume=17 | issue=1 | date=2023-08-22 | issn=1752-1947 | pmid=37605287 | pmc=10464427 | doi=10.1186/s13256-023-04068-9 | doi-access=free | ref=none}}
  • {{cite journal | last=Ko | first=Christine J. | last2=Gehlhausen | first2=Jeff R. | last3=McNiff | first3=Jennifer M. | title=Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis and Microvascular Occlusion | journal=Surgical Pathology Clinics | publisher=Elsevier BV | volume=14 | issue=2 | year=2021 | issn=1875-9181 | doi=10.1016/j.path.2021.01.006 | pages=309–325 | ref=none}}