military surplus
{{Short description|Obsolete or obsolescent military goods usually offered for sale}}
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File:Army surplus store - 01.jpg City, Hainan Province, China]]
Military surplus is goods, usually materiel, that are sold or otherwise disposed of when held in excess or are no longer needed by the military. Entrepreneurs often buy these goods and resell them at surplus stores. Usually the goods sold by the military are clothing, equipment, and tools of a nature that is generally useful to the civilian population, as well as embroidered patches, name tags, and other items that can be used for a faux military uniform. Occasionally, vehicles (jeeps, trucks, etc.) will be sold as well.[https://books.google.com/books?id=390DAAAAMBAJ&dq=true&pg=RA1-PA89 "The World's Biggest Clearance Sale."] Popular Mechanics, February 1955, pp. 89-93. Some military surplus dealers also sell military surplus firearms,{{cite web |title=How To Buy Military Surplus Guns |url=https://www.armslist.com/blog/gear/how-to-buy-military-surplus-guns |website=ArmsList |access-date=21 December 2023}} spare parts, and ammunition alongside surplus uniforms and equipment.
Demand for such items comes from various collectors, outdoorsmen, adventurers, hunters, survivalists, and players of airsoft and paintball, as well as others seeking high quality, sturdy, military issue garb. Reenactment groups usually seek historically-accurate restrike uniforms and equipment for displays, filmwork etc.
The goods may be used, or not. Some merchants of surplus goods also sell goods that are privately manufactured in military standards. Most items that are sold in military surplus stores in the United States are deemed "military grade". This designation refers to meeting a relevant United States Military Standard. For example, uniforms meet Army Regulation 670-1.
History
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The history of army surplus in the United States dates back to the American Civil War.[http://www.kaufmansarmynavy.com/history "Short History of surplus"]. Kaufman Surplus.{{better source needed|reason=commercial site|date=April 2021}} This was the first large American war that required proper military uniforms for many troops.{{citation needed|date=September 2017}} In earlier wars, most troops were basically a militia wearing whatever they had with them. This required mass-produced wears and arms for both sides. After the war, to recoup some money, they sold the supplies in stores. Thus the military surplus store was born.
In the 1870s, Francis Bannerman VI operated "Bannerman's surplus".{{Cite web|url=https://www.antiquetrader.com/featured/vintage-firearms-trace-the-rise-and-fall-of-bannermans-empire/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306234940/https://www.antiquetrader.com/featured/vintage-firearms-trace-the-rise-and-fall-of-bannermans-empire/|archive-date=2019-03-06|title=Firearms and Sporting Goods}} His surplus company was one of the largest ever to operate. He built Bannerman's Castle, a massive storage facility on Pollepel Island in the Hudson River, to store his goods.
See also
{{Commons category}}
- Surplus store
- Diminishing manufacturing sources and material shortages
- Performance-based logistics
- Spare part
- Military Surplus Act (Kahn–Wadsworth Act)
- Surplus Property Act
- Radical Dance Faction, band previously known as "Military Surplus"