military treatise

File:Flaviusllibre.jpg

A military treatise or treatise on war is any work that deals with the "art of war" in some basic aspect. Fundamentally military treatises are treatises on military strategy. Other works may also be included in the definition that, although they deal with other topics, include sensitive information about military matters. These may include, among others, description of specific battles, sieges, general campaigns, reports of military authorities, and commented works about ground or naval battles.

Etymology

The term treatise derives from the Latin word "tractatus", meaning a formal, systematic discourse.{{cite book|title=Concise Oxford Dictionary of Current English|date=1990|publisher=Clarendon Press|isbn=0-19-861243-5|editor1-last=Allen|editor1-first=R.E.|edition=8th|location=Oxford|page=1293}}

Chronology

Considering the various aspects of the war, the armies and the military operations, a chronology of military treatises allows to locate each work within a timeline, facilitating its consultation and comparison with similar works.

This chronology includes actual military treatises together with some works related to the subject (military expeditions or campaigns, descriptions of sieges and others). Whenever possible, references will include the possibility of consulting the original work or a complete translation.

=10th century BC =

  • 1100 - 900 BCE Dhanurveda, a Hindu text which is also known as "Military science".The Brahmanda Purana Part 1: Ancient Indian Tradition and Mythology Volume 22, J.L. Shastri, Dr. G.V. Tagare, Motilal Banarsidass, p. 349

= 5th century BC =

= 4th century BC =

  • 370 BC Anabasis. Xenophon. Despite not being a treatise, the "Expedition of the Ten Thousand" shows many aspects of a military withdrawal from that era.{{cite book|author=Jenofonte|title=Las obras de Xenofonte ateniense|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nB5uBlCJm0IC|year=1781|publisher=en la Imprenta Real de la Gazeta}}
  • {{circa|350}} BC. Commentarius Poliorceticus. Aeneas Tacticus.{{cite book|author=J.-Jacques de Beaux de Beausobre|title=Commentaires sur la défense des places d'AEneas le Tacticien, le plus ancien des auteurs militaires: avec quelques notes, le tableau militaire des Grecs du mesme temps, les écoles militaires de l'antiquité et quelques autres pièces|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FwLkeB8CmHgC|year=1757|publisher=chez Pissot}}

= 3rd century BC =

  • {{circa|220}} BC. Poliorcetica. Philo of Byzantium. A. de Rochas d'Aiglun: Traité de Fortification, d'Attaque et de Défense des Places par Philon de Bysance. Paris, 1872.{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_zgvC0wepl8C|title=Veteres mathematici|author1=Apollodore de Damas|author2=Athenaeus Mechanicus|author3=Philon de Byzance|author4=Bitōn|author5=Héron de Byzance|author6=Giovanni Battista Aleotti|author7=Héron d'Alexandrie|author8=Bernardino Baldi|author9=Sextus Julius Africanus |publisher=ex Typographia regia|year=1693}}[http://remacle.org/bloodwolf/erudits/philon/fortification.htm PHILON DE BYZANCE. TRAITÉ DE FORTIFICATION.]
  • Treatise on war machines: Belopoeica.[https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/schiefsky/files/philo_final_proofs_2015-01-29.pdf Technē and Method in Ancient Artillery Construction: The Belopoeica of Philo of Byzantium. Mark J.Schiefsky.]
  • Arthashastra - Written by Indian philosopher Chanakya.

= 1st century BC =

= 1st century AD =

File:Marschlager_des_Pseudo-Hygin.png

  • Strategematicon Libri IV. Sextus Julius Frontinus.{{cite book|author=Sextus Julius Frontinus|title=Sextus Julii Frontini Strategematicon libri IV.: Euisdem de aquae ductibus urbis Romae liber. Ad optimorum librorum fidem|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j31BAQAAMAAJ&pg=PR18|year=1855|publisher=Sumptibus et typis B.G. Teubneri|pages=18–}}

= 2nd century =

Outline of a Roman camp.

  • 106 AD Περί Στρατηγικών Τάξεων Ἑλληνικών (On Tactical Arrays of the Greeks). Aelianus Tacticus.
  • {{circa|110}} AD Liber of munitionibus castrorum. Hyginus Gromaticus.{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rgw7Y48t_zAC|title=Liber de munitionibus castrorum: Textum ex codicibus constituit, prolegomena, commentarium, tabulas duas|author=Hyginus (Gromaticus.)|publisher=Vandenhoeck et Ruprecht|year=1848}}[http://www.intratext.com/X/LAT0347.HTM Hyginus Gromaticus. De munitionibus castrorum.]
  • 130 AD Poliorcetica. Apollodorus of Damascus.{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YlDfAQAACAAJ|title=Veteres mathematici|author1=Apollodore de Damas|author2=Athenaeus Mechanicus|author3=Philon de Byzance|author4=Bitōn|author5=Héron de Byzance|author6=Giovanni Battista Aleotti|author7=Héron d'Alexandrie|author8=Bernardino Baldi|author9=Sextus Julius Africanus |publisher=ex Typographia regia|year=1693}}
  • {{circa|160}}. Flavi Arrià. He wrote two treatises.
  • Tactics. Lost work.
  • Arrians array against the Alans.[http://members.tripod.com/~S_van_Dorst/Ancient_Warfare/Rome/Sources/ektaxis.html#T1 Arrian's Array against the Alans.]
  • 163. Polyaenus was a Greek writer who authored a work on war strategies (Στρατηγήματα), Stratagems, the most part of which has been preserved.{{cite book|author=Polyaenus di Lampsaco (di Lampsaco)|title=Gli Stratagemmi di Polieno tradotti da Lelio Carani|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Gdthi7vzrNYC&pg=PA53|year=1821|publisher=dalla tipografia di Gio. Battista Sonzogno|pages=53–}}{{cite book|author=Polyaenus|title=Strategems of War; Translated from the Original Greek by R. Shepherd|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=so1NAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA2|year=1793|pages=2–}}

= 5th century =

  • {{circa|450}}. De Re Militari. Flavius Vegetius.{{cite book|author=Flavius Vegetius Renatus|title=Epitoma rei militaris|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xKk9AAAAcAAJ|year=1869|publisher=In aedibvs B.G. Tevbneri}}
  • Libellus de vocabulis rei militaris, medieval compendium based on Vegetius
  • {{circa|480}}. Strategikon of the Byzantine Emperor Mauritius.{{cite book|author=Mauricio (Emperador de Oriente.)|title=Strategikon: (sobre el general)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7oHUrQEACAAJ|year=2014|publisher=Ministerio de Defensa, Secretaría General Técnica|isbn=978-84-9781-944-2}}{{cite book|title=Military review|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sQMN52xmKfwC&pg=RA1-PA15|year=1994|publisher=Escuela de Comando y Estado Mayor del Ejército de EE. UU.|pages=1–}}
  • This manual indicates the use of a cowboy-like "lasso" by Byzantine cavalry soldiers.{{cite book|author=Maurice (Emperor of the East)|title=Maurice's Strategikon: Handbook of Byzantine Military Strategy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ihDmbG-BhXsC&pg=PA13|date=3 January 2001|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|isbn=0-8122-1772-1|pages=13–}}

= 10th century =

  • {{circa|900}}. Tactics of Leo VI the Wise.
  • Italian translation.{{cite book|author=Imperator Leo (Imperium Byzantinum, IV.)|title=Trattato brieve dello schierare in ordinanza gli esecciti et dell'apparecchiamento della guerre di Leone Imperatore|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SUM8AAAAcAAJ&pg=RA3-PA251|year=1586|pages=3–}}
  • {{circa|950}}. Sylloge Tacticorum.{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VAcqDwAAQBAJ|title=A Tenth-Century Byzantine Military Manual: The Sylloge Tacticorum|date=14 July 2017|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-317-18640-3}}
  • {{circa|970}}. Liber de velitatione bellica. Nikephoros II Phokas.{{cite book|author=Nicephorus II Phocas (Emperor of the East)|title=Liber de velitatione bellica Nicephori Augusti e recens. C.B. Hasii|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MNQFAAAAQAAJ|year=1828}}

= 11th century =

  • {{circa|1078}}. Strategikon of Kekaumenos.{{cite book|author=Kekaumenos|title=Raccomandazioni e consigli di un galantuomo: Stratēgikon|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f1FoAAAAMAAJ|year=1998|publisher=Edizioni dell'Orso|isbn=978-88-7694-320-1}}[https://archive.org/download/CecaumeniStrategiconEtIncertiScriptorisDeOfficiisRegiisLibellus1896/Cecaumeni_Strategicon_et_incerti_scriptoris_de_officiis_regiis_libellus_1896.pdf Cecaumeni Strategicon.]

= 14th century =

  • Kitab fi ma'rifat 'ilm ramy al-siham, a treatise on archery written by Ḥusayn al-Yūnīnī around 1320
  • Munyatu'l-GhuzatKurtuluş Öztopçu, ed., Munyatu'l-Ghuzat: A 14th-century Mamluk-Kipchak Military Treatise (1989)
  • {{circa|1385}}. Francesc Eiximenis in the Twelfth of Crestian spoke of war in general and naval war, explaining the discipline and order that must be observed on ships.

= 15th century =

  • 1402. Siege and destruction of the Christian castle of Izmir by the forces of Tamerlan.{{cite book|author=Ali Cherefeddin|title=Histoire de Timur-Bec, connu sous le nom du grand Tamerlan, empereur des Mogols et Tartares|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u1-29AIFyFAC&pg=RA3-PA51|year=1723|publisher=chez Reinier Boitet|pages=3–}}
  • 1480. Guillaume Caoursin, Obsidionis Rhodiæ urbis descriptio
  • The Latin original is a relatively short description of the siege of Rhodes from 1480. A study by Albert G. Hauf i Valls allows the content to be viewed in Catalan.[http://www.raco.cat/index.php/Caplletra/article/download/299308/388668 Una versió valenciana quatrecentista desconeguda de la «Obsidionis Rhodie» de Guillaume Caoursin] This study includes the original text in Latin.
  • Joan Esteve's Liber Elegantiarum uses many phrases from the Latin original translating it into Valencian.
  • The above study by A. Hauf and Valls presents in a very clear way the original sentences of Caoursin and the translation of Joan Esteve.

= 16th century =

  • 1521. Dell'arte della guerra. Niccolò Machiavelli.{{cite book|author=Niccolò Machiavelli|title=Libro dell' arte della guerra|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nxRBAQAAMAAJ&pg=PR23|year=1869|publisher=Barbèra|pages=23–}}
  • 1565. The siege of Malta (1565) was very important from the point of view of military theory and fortification. There is a work that describes the siege.{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l8luF8lm3DgC&pg=PA29|title=The Siege of Malta, 1565|author1=Francesco Balbi|author2=Francisco Balbi di Correggio|publisher=Boydell Press|year=2005|isbn=978-1-84383-140-2|pages=29–}}
  • 1577. Theorica y practica de guerra. Bernardino de Mendoza.{{cite book|author=Bernardino de Mendoza|title=Theorica y practica de guerra|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EiJVAAAAcAAJ|year=1596|publisher=Plantiniana}}
  • English translation as Theorique and Practise of Warre (1597){{Cite book|title=Theorique and Practise of Warre|translator=Edward Hoby|author=Bernardino de Mendoza|year=1597|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z3VnAAAAcAAJ}}
  • 1582. De jure et officiis bellicis et disciplina militari. Balthazar Ayala.
  • English translation published in 1912 in the Carnegie Institution Classics of International Law series.{{Cite book|author=Balthazar Ayala |title=Three Books on the Law of War and on the Duties Connected with War and on Military Discipline |translator=John Pawley Bate |publisher=Carnegie Institution |series=Classics of International Law |location=Washington DC |year=1912 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-EIwAAAAYAAJ}}
  • 1589. Discurso sobre la forma de reducir la disciplina a mejor y antiguo estado. Sancho de Londoño
  • 1596. Libro del arte militar. Sancho de Londoño

= 17th century =

File:381px-Grotius_de_jure_1631.jpg

  • 1605. Les Elemens de l'Artillerie. Florence Rivault.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wWtnAAAAcAAJ |title=Les Elemens de l'Artillerie|publisher=Adrian Beys|year=1605|location=Paris|author=Florence Rivault}}
  • 1606. Il mastro di campo generale. Giorgio Basta.{{Cite book|location=Venice|year=1606|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_4n3W6PzFAm8C|title=Il mastro di campo generale|author=Giorgio Basta}}
  • German translation: Il maestro di campo generale, das ist: außfürliche Anzeig, Bericht und Erklärung von dem Ampt eines General-Feldt-Obersten (1617){{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fk5bAAAAcAAJ|translator=Johann Theodor de Bry|publisher=Nicolaus Hoffman|author=Giorgio Basta|year=1617|title=Il maestro di campo generale, das ist: außfürliche Anzeig, Bericht und Erklärung von dem Ampt eines General-Feldt-Obersten}}
  • 1610. I Carichi Militari. Lelio Brancaccio{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hb1FAAAAcAAJ|year=1610|author=Lelio Brancaccio|title=I Carichi Militari}}
  • 1612. Il governo della cavalleria leggiera. Giorgio Basta.{{Cite book|location=Venice|year=1612|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_y7YcPeeEcrIC|title=Il governo della cavalleria leggiera|author=Giorgio Basta}}
  • German translation as Governo della cavalleria, Das ist, Bericht Von Anführung der leichten Pferde (1614){{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-8pZAAAAcAAJ|title=Governo della cavalleria, Das ist, Bericht Von Anführung der leichten Pferde|year=1614|author=Giorgio Basta|translator=Johann Theodor de Bry|location=Frankfurt am Main}}
  • French translation as Le gouvernement de la cavallerie légère (1616).{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lmh-tzoGJSMC |title=Le gouvernement de la cavallerie légère|author=Giorgio Basta |publisher=Jean Berthelin |location=Rouen |year=1616}}
  • 1625. De iure belli ac pacis. Hugo Grotius.
  • English translation as The Rights of War and Peace (1814).{{cite book|author=Hugo Grotius|title=The Rights of War and Peace: Including the Law of Nature and of Nations|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MtM8AAAAYAAJ|year=1814|publisher=B. Boothroyd}}
  • 1633. Principes de l'art militaire. Gamaliel de La Tour.{{Cite book|title=Principes de l'art militaire: concernant l'exercice des armes practique en Hollande |author=Gamaliel de La Tour|publisher=Jacques Chovet|location=Geneva |year=1633 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NPFbAAAAcAAJ}}
  • 1634. A Discourse of Military Discipline. Gerat Barry.
  • 1640. Military Preludes. Domènec Moradell.
  • 1697. Dell'arte della guerra. Raimondo Montecuccoli.{{cite book|author=Raimondo Montecuccoli|title=Arte universal de la guerra del Principe Raymundo Montecucoli...|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iBeymnyQvYAC|year=1697|publisher=por Rafael Figuero}}

= 18th century =

  • 1740. Mémoires contenant les maximes sur la guerre. Antoine de Pas de Feuquières.{{cite book|author=Antoine de Pas marquis Feuquières|title=Mémoires contenant les maximes sur la guerre|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UM4_AAAAcAAJ|year=1750|publisher=Dunoyer}}
  • 1743. Elements de la guerre des sieges. Guillaume Le Blond.{{cite book|author=Guillaume Le Blond (M.)|title=Elemens de la guerre des sieges, ou Traité de l'artillerie, et de l'attaque, et de la defense des places a l'usage des jeunes militaires ...: Traité de la defense des places, avec un memoire contenant plusieurs observations generales sur la visite des places; et un petit dictionnaire ...|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FOdaAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA92|year=1743|publisher=chez Charles-Antoine Jombert|pages=92–}}
  • 1756. Traité de la difference entre la guerre offensive et défensive.{{cite book|title=Traité de la difference entre la guerre offensive et défensive: où l'on a repondu particulierement à la question: Qui est l'aggresseur ou le premier assaillant lors du commencement d'une guerre?|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=otpiAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA6|year=1756|pages=6–}}
  • 1757. Science de la marine: le service et l'art de la guerre sur mer. P. P. A. BARDET DE VILLENEUVE.{{cite book|author=P. P. A. BARDET DE VILLENEUVE|title=Science de la marine: le service et l'art de la guerre sur mer, etc|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RQ7TT8wEaqsC&pg=PA6|year=1757|publisher=Les Van Duren|pages=6–}}
  • 1772. Art militaire des chinois, ou recueil d'anciens traites sur la guerre, composés avant l'ere chrétienne, par différents généraux chinois. P. Amiot.{{cite book|author=Joseph Amyot|title=Art militaire des chinois, ou recueil d'anciens traites sur la guerre, composés avant l'ere chrétienne, par différents généraux chinois. Ouvrages sur lequels les aspirant aux grades militaires sont obligés de subir des examens. On y a joint dix précepts adressés aux troupes par l'empereur Yong-Tcheng, ... Traduit en francois, par le P. Amiot ... revu & publié par m. Deguignes|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X_QR6k2iO-sC&pg=PA230|year=1772|publisher=chez Didot l'ainé, libraire et imprimeur, rue Pavée, pres du quai des Augustins|pages=230–}}
  • 1796. Grundsätze der Strategie, erläutert durch die Darstellung des Feldzuges von 1796 in Deutschland. Charles Louis of Austria (Duke of Teschen).{{cite book|title=Principes de Strategie|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NuxkAAAAcAAJ&pg=PR15|year=1817|pages=15–| last1=Austriae | first1=Carolus Archidux }}
  • 1799. Geist des neuern Kriegssystems hergeleitet aus dem Grundsatze einer Basis der Operationen. Heinrich Dietrich von Buelow (Bülow).{{cite book|author=Heinrich Dietrich von Buelow|title=Geist des neuern Kriegssystems hergeleitet aus dem Grundsatze einer Basis der Operationen, auch für Laien in der Kriegskunst fasslich vorgetragen von einem ehemaligen preussischen Officier|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aqwWAAAAQAAJ|year=1799|publisher=Campe}}

= 19th century =

  • 1809. Nouveau dictionnaire historique des sièges et batailles et mémorables et des combats maritimes les plus fameux.{{cite book|title=Nouveau dictionnaire historique des sièges et batailles mémorables et des combats maritimes les plus fameux, de tous les peuples du monde, anciens et modernes, jusqu'à nos jours;: ouvrage dans lequel on a soigneusement recueilli les exploits des grands capitaines, les actions héroïques des officiers et soldats de toutes armes, et les stratagèmes militaires les plus singuliers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9ZlFAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA1|year=1809|publisher=Gilbert et Cie|pages=1–}}
  • 1812. Pyrotechnie militaire, ou traité complet des feux de guerre et des bouches à feu. Claude Fortuné Ruggieri.{{cite book|author=Claude Fortuné RUGGIERI|title=Pyrotechnie militaire, ou traité complet des feux de guerre et des bouches à feu, etc|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XrxXAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA139|year=1812|pages=139–}}
  • 1828. The Naval Battles of Great Britain: From the Accession of the Illustrious House of Hanover to the Throne to the Battle of Navarin. Charles Ekins.{{cite book|author=Sir Charles Ekins|title=The Naval Battles of Great Britain: From the Accession of the Illustrious House of Hanover to the Throne to the Battle of Navarin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OOUaAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA20|year=1828|publisher=Baldwin and Cradock|pages=20–}}
  • 1832. From the war. Carl von Clausewitz
  • 1851. Dell'arte della guerra. Girolamo Ulloa Calà.{{cite book|author=Girolamo Ulloa Calà|title=Dell'arte della guerra per Girolamo Ulloa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VEhq__dkz1MC&pg=RA1-PA41|year=1851|publisher=Tip. Savoiardo e Bocco|pages=1–}}
  • 1853. The principles of war. Auguste Frédéric Lendy.{{cite book|author=Auguste Frédéric Lendy|title=The principles of war; or, Elementary treatise on the higher tactics and strategy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4FMBAAAAQAAJ|year=1853}}
  • 1855. Considerations on tactics and strategy. George Twemlow.{{cite book|author=George Twemlow|title=Considerations on tactics and strategy, by G. Twemlow|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LFgBAAAAQAAJ|year=1855}}
  • 1858. Elementary history of the progress of the Art of War. James John Graham.{{cite book|author=James John Graham|title=Elementary history of the progress of the Art of War|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TAxXAAAAcAAJ&pg=PR7|year=1858|pages=7–}}
  • 1860. Elements of Military Art and Science. Henry Wager Halleck.{{cite book|author=Henry Wager Halleck|title=Elements of Military Art and Science, Or, Course of Instruction in Strategy, Fortification, Tactics of Battles, &c: Embracing the Duties of Staff, Infantry, Cavalry, Artillery, and Engineers : Adapted to the Use of Volunteers and Militia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NSFEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA32|year=1860|publisher=D. Appleton|pages=32–}}
  • 1862. The Art of War. Antoine Henri baron of Jomini.{{cite book|author=Antoine Henri baron de Jomini|title=The Art of War|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nZ4fAAAAMAAJ|year=1862|publisher=Lippincott}}
  • In French: Volume 1.{{cite book|author=Antoine Henri baron de Jomini|title=Précis de l'art de la guerre, ou Nouveau tableau analytique des principales combinaisons de la stratégie: de la grande tactique et de la politique militaire|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tgYg6Ga0hEoC|year=1838|publisher=Anselin}}
  • In French: Volume 2.{{cite book|author=Antoine Henri baron de Jomini|title=Précis de l'art de la guerre: ou Nouveau traité analytique des principales combinaisons de la stratégie, de la grande tactique et de la politique militaire; suivi du tableau analytique des principales combinaisons de la guerre et de leurs rapports avec la politique des états, pour servir d'introduction au traité des grandes operations militaires|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZZwrAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA5|year=1840|publisher=J. B. Petit|pages=5–}}
  • 1862. Elements of Military Art and Science. Henry Wager Halleck.{{cite book|author=Henry Wager Halleck|title=Elements of Military Art and Science: Or, Course of Instruction in Strategy, Fortification, Tactics of Battles, &c., Embracing the Duties of Staff, Infantry, Cavalry, Artillery, and Engineers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WLREAAAAIAAJ|year=1862|publisher=D. Appleton}}
  • 1863. CAMPAIGNS OF 1862 AND 1863 ILLUSTRATING THE PRINCIPLES OF STRATEGY. EMIL SCHALK.{{cite book|author=EMIL SCHALK|title=CAMPAIGNS OF 1862 AND 1863 ILLUSTRATING THE PRINCIPLES OF STRATEGY|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ycDNx1JD-jQC&pg=PA22|year=1863|pages=22–}}
  • 1863. Elements of Military Art and History. George Washington Cullum.{{cite book|author=George Washington Cullum|title=Elements of Military Art and History: Comprising the History and Tactics of the Separate Arms; the Combination of the Arms; and the Minor Operations of War|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1mYaAAAAYAAJ|year=1863|publisher=D. Van Nostrand}}
  • 1870. Der Gebirgskrieg (The War in the Mountains). Franz Kuhn von Kuhnenfeld.{{cite book|title=Der Gebirgskrieg. [With] Karter|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vCgAAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA1|year=1870|pages=1–}}{{cite book|author=Franz Freiherr von Kuhn|title=La guerra di montagna|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_WwpAAAAYAAJ|year=1872|publisher=Tip.sociale nello stab.di. S.Filippo Neri}}
  • 1871. Covered by the art of war. Louis-Nathaniel Rossel.{{cite book|author=Louis-Nathaniel Rossel|title=Abrégé de l'art de la guerre: extraits des oeuvres de Napoléon, Jomini, L'Archiduc Charles, etc...|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=431GAAAAYAAJ|year=1871|publisher=E. Lachaud}}
  • 1873. Difesa dell'Italia secondo i principi sviluppati dal generale Franz von Kuhn. Orazio Dogliotti.{{cite book|author=Orazio Dogliotti|title=Difesa dell'Italia secondo i principii sviluppati dal generale Franz von Kuhn nell'opera (Der Gebirgskrieg) La guerra in montagna|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V6ElGeszRj4C&pg=PA3|year=1873|publisher=Tip. C. Voghera|pages=3–}}

= 20th century =

  • 1933. Die Truppenführung. Ludwig Beck.
  • 1937. A history of the art of war in the sixteenth century. Charles Oman.{{cite book|author=Charles Oman|title=A history of the art of war in the sixteenth century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6KQOAQAAIAAJ|year=1937|publisher=Metheun|isbn=9780598497574 }}
  • 1975. United States Strategic Institute.{{cite book|title=Strategic Review|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xB7cAAAAMAAJ|year=1975|publisher=United States Strategic Institute.}}
  • 1993. Theory and Nature of War: Readings.{{cite book|title=Theory and Nature of War: Readings|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0EPMToY9Wi4C|year=1993|publisher=U.S. Marine Corps Command and Staff College}}
  • 1995. Strategic Intelligence: Theory and Application.

= 21st century =

  • 2006. Irregular Enemies and the Essence of Strategy: Can the American Way of War Adapt?{{cite book|author=Colin S. Gray|title=Irregular Enemies and the Essence of Strategy: Can the American Way of War Adapt?|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6oM1l_cp6V0C|year=2006|publisher=Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College|isbn=9781584872344 }}
  • 2009. Schools for Strategy: Teaching Strategy for 21st Century Conflict.{{cite book|author=Colin S. Gray|title=Schools for Strategy: Teaching Strategy for 21st Century Conflict|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Rfg6AQAAMAAJ|year=2009|publisher=Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College|isbn=978-1-58487-411-9}}
  • 2023. Modern positional warfare and how to win it. Valerii Zaluzhnyi.{{Cite book |last=Zaluzhnyi |first=Valerii |title=Modern positional warfare and how to win it |year=2023}}

See also

References

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