minute
{{short description|Unit of time equal to 60 seconds}}
{{About|the unit of time|angle|Minute of arc|the written record of a meeting|Minutes|other uses|Minute (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox unit
| name = minute
| image = Clock 12-01.svg{{!}}class=skin-invert
| caption = An analogue clock showing one minute after twelve
| symbol = min
| standard = Non-SI units accepted for use with the SI
| quantity = time
| units1 = SI units
| inunits1 = {{val|60|ul=s}}
| units2 = Non-SI units
| inunits2 = {{sfrac|60}} h
}}
A minute is a unit of time defined as equal to 60 seconds.
It is not a unit in the International System of Units (SI), but is accepted for use with SI.{{cite web|url=https://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si-brochure/SI-Brochure-9-EN.pdf|work=Bureau International de Poids et Mesures|title=Non-SI units accepted for use with the SI, and units based on fundamental constants|pages=145–146|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316121104/https://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si-brochure/SI-Brochure-9-EN.pdf |archive-date=16 March 2020 }} The SI symbol for minutes is min (without a dot). The prime symbol {{char|′}} is also sometimes used informally to denote minutes.{{Cite book|author=Nelson, D. | title=The Penguin Dictionary of Mathematics | edition=4th |publisher=Penguin UK|year=2008|entry=Prime symbol (accent)| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ud3sEeVdTIwC&pg=PT519 | isbn = 978-0141920870}}
In the UTC time standard, a minute on rare occasions has 61 seconds, a consequence of leap seconds; there is also a provision to insert a negative leap second, which would result in a 59-second minute, but this has never happened in more than 40 years under this system.
History
Al-Biruni first subdivided the hour sexagesimally into minutes, seconds, thirds and fourths in 1000 CE while discussing Jewish months.{{ cite book | author=Al-Biruni | year=1879 | orig-year=1000 | title=The Chronology of Ancient Nations | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pFIEAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA147 | pages=147–149 | translator-last=Sachau | translator-first=C. Edward | author-link=Al-Biruni}}
Historically, the word "minute" comes from the Latin pars minuta prima, meaning "first small part". This division of the hour can be further refined with a "second small part" (Latin: pars minuta secunda), and this is where the word "second" comes from. For even further refinement, the term "third" ({{frac|1|60}} of a second) remains in some languages, for example Polish (tercja) and Turkish (salise), although most modern usage subdivides seconds by using decimals. The symbol notation of the prime for minutes and double prime for seconds can be seen as indicating the first and second cut of the hour (similar to how the foot is the first cut of the yard or perhaps chain, with inches as the second cut). In 1267, the medieval scientist Roger Bacon, writing in Latin, defined the division of time between full moons as a number of hours, minutes, seconds, thirds, and fourths (horae, minuta, secunda, tertia, and quarta) after noon on specified calendar dates.{{cite book | author=R Bacon | year=2000 | orig-year=1928 | title=The Opus Majus of Roger Bacon | publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press | page=table facing page 231 | isbn=978-1855068568 |no-pp=true | others=BR Belle}} Jost Bürgi was the first clock maker to include a minute hand on clock for astronomer Tycho Brahe in 1577. {{cite journal | url=https://twpl.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/twpl/article/view/6252/3240 | title=Canadians telling time: A study in Dialect Topography | journal=Toronto Working Papers in Linguistics | date=January 2000 | volume=18 | last1=Pi | first1=Chia-Yi Tony }} The introduction of the minute hand into watches was possible only after the invention of the hairspring by Thomas Tompion, an English watchmaker, in 1675.{{cite journal |last=Mitman|first=Carl |title=The Story of Timekeeping |journal=The Scientific Monthly |date=1926 |volume=22 |issue=5 |pages=424–427 |bibcode=1926SciMo..22..424M |jstor=7652}}
See also
Notes and references
{{Reflist}}
Bibliography
- Henry Campbell Black, Black's Law Dictionary, 6th Edition, entry on Minute. West Publishing Company, St. Paul, Minnesota, 1991.{{ISBN?}}
- Eric W. Weisstein. [http://mathworld.wolfram.com/ArcMinute.html "Arc Minute."] From MathWorld{{snd}}A Wolfram
{{Time topics}}
{{Time measurement and standards}}
{{SI units}}
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