minute hermit
{{short description|Species of hummingbird}}
{{Use American English|date=November 2021}}
{{speciesbox
| image = Phaethornis idaliae.jpg
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status2 = CITES_A2
| status2_system = CITES
| status2_ref = {{Cite web|title=Appendices {{!}} CITES|url=https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php|access-date=2022-01-14|website=cites.org}}
| genus = Phaethornis
| species = idaliae
| authority = (Bourcier & Mulsant, 1856)
| synonyms =
| range_map =Phaethornis idaliae map.svg
}}
The minute hermit (Phaethornis idaliae) is a tiny species of hummingbird in the family Trochilidae. It is endemic to Brazil.{{cite web |url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/ |title=IOC World Bird List (v 11.2) |last1=Gill |first1= F. |last2=Donsker|first2=D.|last3=Rasmussen |first3=P. |date=July 2021 |access-date=July 14, 2021 }}
Taxonomy and systematics
The minute hermit was for a time considered conspecific with the little hermit (P. longuemareus) and now is treated with it as a superspecies.{{cite web|author=Remsen, J. V., Jr.|author2= J. I. Areta|author3= E. Bonaccorso|author4= S. Claramunt|author5= A. Jaramillo|author6= D. F. Lane|author7= J. F. Pacheco|author8= M. B. Robbins|author9= F. G. Stiles|author10= K. J. Zimmer|date=24 August 2021|title=A classification of the bird species of South America|publisher=American Ornithological Society |url=https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline03.htm|access-date=24 August 2021}} It is monotypic.
Description
The minute hermit is one of the world's smallest birds.{{cite book|last=Wood|first=Gerald L. |title=The Guinness Book of Animal Facts and Feats|publisher=Sterling Pub Co Inc. |year=1983|isbn=978-0-85112-235-9}} It is {{cvt|8.4|to|9.2|cm|in|2}} long and weighs {{cvt|1.8|to|2.7|g|oz|2}}. The male has dark iridescent green upperparts and a dark brown throat. The female's underparts are reddish orange. Both sexes have a black "mask" and a pale supercilium and malar stripe.{{cite book |author=Hinkelmann, C.|author2= G. M. Kirwan|author3=P. F. D. Boesman |year=2020|chapter=Minute Hermit (Phaethornis idaliae)|version=1.0|title=Birds of the World |editor=J. del Hoyo|editor2= A. Elliott |editor3= J. Sargatal|editor4= D. A. Christie|editor5=E. de Juana|publisher=Cornell Lab of Ornithology|location=Ithaca, NY, USA|doi=10.2173/bow.minher1.01}}
Distribution and habitat
The minute hermit is found in southeastern Brazil from approximately Bahia south to Rio de Janeiro state. It inhabits the understory of primary or lightly disturbed forest including their edges, and also mature secondary forest and forested islands. It has been recorded in Eucalyptus plantations near its preferred habitat. In elevation it ranges from sea level to {{cvt|500|m|ft|-1}}.
Behavior
=Movement=
=Feeding=
=Breeding=
The minute hermit's breeding season spans from October to February. Males display to females at leks. Its nest is an open cup suspended from the underside of a drooping leaf. The clutch of two eggs is incubated solely by the female.
{{birdsong|url=https://www.xeno-canto.org/species/Phaethornis-idaliae |species=minute hermit}}
=Vocalization=
Status
The IUCN has assessed the minute hermit as being of Least Concern, though its population size is unknown and believed to be decreasing. It has a very restricted range in the Atlantic Forest, a habitat that has almost entirely been deforested. It does occur in a few protected areas.
References
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Category:Birds of the Atlantic Forest