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mir-221 microRNA

{{Short description|MicroRNA}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}

{{Infobox rfam

| Name = mir-221

| image =RF00651.png

| width =

| caption =Conserved secondary structure of mir-221

| Symbol = mir-221

| AltSymbols =

| Rfam = RF00651

| miRBase_family = MIPF0000051

| RNA_type = microRNA

| Tax_domain = Eukaryota; Vertebrata;

| HGNCid = 31601

| OMIM = 300568

}}

__NOTOC__

In molecular biology, mir-221 microRNA (and its paralogue, mir-222) is a short RNA molecule. MicroRNAs function to regulate the expression levels of other genes by several mechanisms.

mir-221 is an oncogenic microRNA.{{cite journal|last=Pang|first=Y |author2=Young, CY |author3=Yuan, H|title=MicroRNAs and prostate cancer.|journal=Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica|date=15 June 2010|volume=42|issue=6|pages=363–9|pmid=20539944|doi=10.1093/abbs/gmq038}} It targets CD117, which then prevents cell migration and proliferation in endothelial cells.{{cite journal|last=Urbich|first=C|author2=Kuehbacher, A |author3=Dimmeler, S |title=Role of microRNAs in vascular diseases, inflammation, and angiogenesis|journal=Cardiovascular Research|date=1 September 2008|volume=79|issue=4|pages=581–8|pmid=18550634|doi=10.1093/cvr/cvn156}}{{cite journal|last=Vasilatou|first=D|author2=Papageorgiou, S |author3=Pappa, V |author4=Papageorgiou, E |author5=Dervenoulas, J |title=The role of microRNAs in normal and malignant hematopoiesis|journal=European Journal of Haematology|date=1 January 2010|volume=84|issue=1|pages=1–16|pmid=19744129|doi=10.1111/j.1600-0609.2009.01348.x|s2cid=46395419|doi-access=free}}

miR-221 is known as an anti angiogenic miRNA.{{cite journal |vauthors=Kuehbacher A, Urbich C, Dimmeler S |title=Targeting microRNA expression to regulate angiogenesis |journal=Trends Pharmacol Sci |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=12–15 |year=2008 |pmid=18068232 |doi=10.1016/j.tips.2007.10.014}}

Recent important studies have reported that miR-221 is also involved in induction of angiogenesis.{{cite journal |vauthors=Santhekadur PK, Das SK, Gredler R, Chen D, Srivastava J, Robertson C, Baldwin AS, Fisher PB, Sarkar D |title=Multifunction protein staphylococcal nuclease domain containing 1 (SND1) promotes tumor angiogenesis in human hepatocellular carcinoma through novel pathway that involves nuclear factor κB and miR-221 |journal=J Biol Chem |volume=287 |issue=17 |pages=13952–8 |year=2012 |pmid=22396537 |doi=10.1074/jbc.M111.321646 |pmc=3340184|doi-access=free }}{{cite journal |vauthors=Nicoli S, Knyphausen CP, Zhu LJ, Lakshmanan A, Lawson ND |title=miR-221 is required for endothelial tip cell behaviors during vascular development |journal=Dev Cell |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=418–429 |year=2012 |pmid=22340502 |doi=10.1016/j.devcel.2012.01.008 |pmc=3285411}}{{cite journal|last=Le Bot|first=Nathalie|title=MicroRNAs in angiogenesis|journal=Nat. Cell Biol.|date=2 April 2012|volume=14|issue=4|pages=342|doi=10.1038/ncb2484|s2cid=45572115|doi-access=free}}

RNA induced Silencing Complex (RISC) proteins SND1 and AEG-1 induces miR-221 expression in Liver cancer.{{cite journal |vauthors=Yoo BK, Santhekadur PK, Gredler R, Chen D, Emdad L, Bhutia S, Pannell L, Fisher PB, Sarkar D |title=Increased RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) activity contributes to hepatocellular carcinoma |journal=Hepatology |volume=53 |issue=5 |pages=1538–48 |year=2011 |pmid=21520169 |doi=10.1002/hep.24216 |pmc=3081619}}

In liver cancer miR-221 induces the tumor angiogenesis. miR-221 detection in human faeces can be a non-invasive screening marker for colorectal cancer.{{Cite journal|title = microRNA-221 and microRNA-18a identification in stool as potential biomarkers for the non-invasive diagnosis of colorectal carcinoma|journal = British Journal of Cancer|date = 2014-10-28|issn = 0007-0920|pmc = 4453736|pmid = 25233396|pages = 1765–71|volume = 111|issue = 9|doi = 10.1038/bjc.2014.484|first1 = T. O.|last1 = Yau|first2 = C. W.|last2 = Wu|first3 = Y.|last3 = Dong|first4 = C.-M.|last4 = Tang|first5 = S. S. M.|last5 = Ng|first6 = F. K. L.|last6 = Chan|first7 = J. J. Y.|last7 = Sung|first8 = J.|last8 = Yu}}

miR-221 has been identified as playing a role in androgenetic alopecia.{{cite journal |vauthors=Li K, Sun Y, Liu S, Zhou Y, Qu Q, Wang G, Wang J, Chen R, Fan Z, Liu B, Li Y, Mao X, Hu Z, Miao Y |title=The AR/miR-221/IGF-1 pathway mediates the pathogenesis of androgenetic alopecia |journal=Int J Biol Sci |volume=19 |issue=11 |pages=3307–23 |date=2023 |pmid=37496996 |pmc=10367565 |doi=10.7150/ijbs.80481 }}

See also

References

{{Reflist}}

Further reading

{{Refbegin|33em}}

  • {{cite journal |vauthors=Zhang C, Zhang J, Zhang A, Wang Y, Han L, You Y, Pu P, Kang C |title=PUMA is a novel target of miR-221/222 in human epithelial cancers |journal=Int J Oncol |volume=37 |issue=6 |pages=1621–6 |year=2010 |pmid=21042732 |doi=10.3892/ijo_00000816|doi-access=free }}
  • {{cite journal |vauthors=Pu XX, Huang GL, Guo HQ, Guo CC, Li H, Ye S, Ling S, Jiang L, Tian Y, Lin TY |title=Circulating miR-221 directly amplified from plasma is a potential diagnostic and prognostic marker of colorectal cancer and is correlated with p53 expression |journal=J Gastroenterol Hepatol |volume=25 |issue=10 |pages=1674–80 |year=2010 |pmid=20880178 |doi=10.1111/j.1440-1746.2010.06417.x|s2cid=34881675 }}
  • {{cite journal |vauthors=Kedde M, van Kouwenhove M, Zwart W, Oude Vrielink JA, Elkon R, Agami R |title=A Pumilio-induced RNA structure switch in p27–3' UTR controls miR-221 and miR-222 accessibility |journal=Nat Cell Biol |volume=12 |issue=10 |pages=1014–20 |year=2010 |pmid=20818387 |doi=10.1038/ncb2105|s2cid=205286991 }}
  • {{cite journal |vauthors=Zhang CZ, Zhang JX, Zhang AL, Shi ZD, Han L, Jia ZF, Yang WD, Wang GX, Jiang T, You YP, Pu PY, Cheng JQ, Kang CS |title=MiR-221 and miR-222 target PUMA to induce cell survival in glioblastoma |journal=Mol Cancer |volume=9 |pages=229 |year=2010 |pmid=20813046 |doi=10.1186/1476-4598-9-229 |pmc=2939570 |doi-access=free }}
  • {{cite journal |vauthors=Dai R, Li J, Liu Y, Yan D, Chen S, Duan C, Liu X, He T, Li H |title=miR-221/222 suppression protects against endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis via p27(Kip1)- and MEK/ERK-mediated cell cycle regulation |journal=Biol Chem |volume=391 |issue=7 |pages=791–801 |year=2010 |pmid=20624000 |doi=10.1515/BC.2010.072|s2cid=23085890 }}
  • {{cite journal |vauthors=Chun-Zhi Z, Lei H, An-Ling Z, Yan-Chao F, Xiao Y, Guang-Xiu W, Zhi-Fan J, Pei-Yu P, Qing-Yu Z, Chun-Sheng K |title=MicroRNA-221 and microRNA-222 regulate gastric carcinoma cell proliferation and radioresistance by targeting PTEN |journal=BMC Cancer |volume=10|pages=367 |year=2010 |pmid=20618998 |doi=10.1186/1471-2407-10-367 |pmc=2914702 |doi-access=free }}
  • {{cite journal |vauthors=Das SK, Sokhi UK, Bhutia SK, Azab B, Su ZZ, Sarkar D, Fisher PB |title=Human polynucleotide phosphorylase selectively and preferentially degrades microRNA-221 in human melanoma cells |journal=Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A |volume=107 |issue=26 |pages=11948–53 |year=2010 |pmid=20547861 |doi=10.1073/pnas.0914143107 |pmc=2900648|doi-access=free |bibcode=2010PNAS..10711948D }}
  • {{cite journal |vauthors=Chen Y, Banda M, Speyer CL, Smith JS, Rabson AB, Gorski DH |title=Regulation of the expression and activity of the antiangiogenic homeobox gene GAX/MEOX2 by ZEB2 and microRNA-221 |journal=Mol Cell Biol |volume=30 |issue=15 |pages=3902–13 |year=2010 |pmid=20516212 |doi=10.1128/MCB.01237-09 |pmc=2916411}}
  • {{cite journal |vauthors=Wurz K, Garcia RL, Goff BA, Mitchell PS, Lee JH, Tewari M, Swisher EM |title=MiR-221 and MiR-222 alterations in sporadic ovarian carcinoma: Relationship to CDKN1B, CDKNIC and overall survival |journal=Genes Chromosomes Cancer |volume=49 |issue=7 |pages=577–584 |year=2010 |pmid=20461750 |doi=10.1002/gcc.20768 |pmc=2869465}}
  • {{cite journal |vauthors=Zhang C, Han L, Zhang A, Yang W, Zhou X, Pu P, Du Y, Zeng H, Kang C |title=Global changes of mRNA expression reveals an increased activity of the interferon-induced signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway by repression of miR-221/222 in glioblastoma U251 cells |journal=Int J Oncol |volume=36 |issue=6 |pages=1503–12 |year=2010 |pmid=20428775 |doi=10.3892/ijo_00000637|doi-access=free }}
  • {{cite journal |vauthors=Gabbianelli M, Testa U, Morsilli O, Pelosi E, Saulle E, Petrucci E, Castelli G, Giovinazzi S, Mariani G, Fiori ME, Bonanno G, Massa A, Croce CM, Fontana L, Peschle C |title=Mechanism of human Hb switching: a possible role of the kit receptor/miR 221–222 complex |journal=Haematologica |volume=95 |issue=8 |pages=1253–60 |year=2010 |pmid=20305142 |doi=10.3324/haematol.2009.018259 |pmc=2913072}}
  • {{cite journal |vauthors=Frenquelli M, Muzio M, Scielzo C, Fazi C, Scarfò L, Rossi C, Ferrari G, Ghia P, Caligaris-Cappio F |title=MicroRNA and proliferation control in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: functional relationship between miR-221/222 cluster and p27 |journal=Blood |volume=115 |issue=19 |pages=3949–59 |year=2010 |pmid=20203269 |doi=10.1182/blood-2009-11-254656|doi-access=free }}
  • {{cite journal |vauthors=Zhang J, Han L, Ge Y, Zhou X, Zhang A, Zhang C, Zhong Y, You Y, Pu P, Kang C |title=miR-221/222 promote malignant progression of glioma through activation of the Akt pathway |journal=Int J Oncol |volume=36 |issue=4 |pages=913–920 |year=2010 |pmid=20198336 |doi=10.3892/ijo_00000570|doi-access=free }}
  • {{cite journal |vauthors=Fu X, Wang Q, Chen J, Huang X, Chen X, Cao L, Tan H, Li W, Zhang L, Bi J, Su Q, Chen L |title=Clinical significance of miR-221 and its inverse correlation with p27(Kip1) in hepatocellular carcinoma |journal=Mol Biol Rep |volume= 38|issue= 5|pages= 3029–35|year=2010 |pmid=20146005 |doi=10.1007/s11033-010-9969-5|s2cid=24880277 }}
  • {{cite journal |vauthors=Hu G, Gong AY, Liu J, Zhou R, Deng C, Chen XM |title=miR-221 suppresses ICAM-1 translation and regulates interferon-gamma-induced ICAM-1 expression in human cholangiocytes |journal=Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol |volume=298 |issue=4 |pages=G542–50 |year=2010 |pmid=20110463 |doi=10.1152/ajpgi.00490.2009 |pmc=2853302}}
  • {{cite journal |vauthors=Zhao P, Fu Z, You YP, Lu XM, Lu AL, Liu N |title=[Construction and screening an effective anti-miR-221 RNAi vector in vitro] |journal=Sichuan da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban |volume=40 |issue=6 |pages=973–7 |year=2009 |pmid=20067101}}
  • {{cite journal |vauthors=Zhang CZ, Kang CS, Pu PY, Wang GX, Jia ZF, Zhang AL, Han L, Xu P |title=[Inhibitory effect of knocking down microRNA-221 and microRNA-222 on glioma cell growth in vitro and in vivo] |journal=Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi |volume=31 |issue=10 |pages=721–6 |year=2009 |pmid=20021821}}
  • {{cite journal |vauthors=Pineau P, Volinia S, McJunkin K, Marchio A, Battiston C, Terris B, Mazzaferro V, Lowe SW, Croce CM, Dejean A |title=miR-221 overexpression contributes to liver tumorigenesis |journal=Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A |volume=107 |issue=1 |pages=264–9 |year=2010 |pmid=20018759 |doi=10.1073/pnas.0907904107 |pmc=2806773|doi-access=free |bibcode=2010PNAS..107..264P }}
  • {{cite journal |vauthors=Sredni ST, Bonaldo Mde F, Costa FF, Huang CC, Hamm CA, Rajaram V, Tomita T, Goldman S, Bischof JM, Soares MB |title=Upregulation of mir-221 and mir-222 in atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors: potential therapeutic targets |journal=Childs Nerv Syst |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=279–283 |year=2010 |pmid=20012062 |doi=10.1007/s00381-009-1028-y|s2cid=25199512 }}
  • {{cite journal |vauthors=Zhang C, Wang G, Kang C, Du Y, Pu P |title=[Up-regulation of p27(kip1) by miR-221/222 antisense oligonucleotides enhances the radiosensitivity of U251 glioblastoma] |journal=Zhonghua Yi Xue Yi Chuan Xue Za Zhi |volume=26 |issue=6 |pages=634–8 |year=2009 |pmid=19953484 |doi=10.3760/cma.j.issn.1003-9406.2009.06.006}}
  • {{cite journal |vauthors=Cardinali B, Castellani L, Fasanaro P, Basso A, Alemà S, Martelli F, Falcone G |title=Microrna-221 and microrna-222 modulate differentiation and maturation of skeletal muscle cells |journal=PLOS ONE|volume=4 |issue=10 |pages=e7607 |year=2009 |pmid=19859555 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0007607 |editor1-last=Ng |editor1-first=Irene Oi-Lin |pmc=2762614|doi-access=free |bibcode=2009PLoSO...4.7607C }}
  • {{cite journal |vauthors=Lu Q, Lu C, Zhou GP, Zhang W, Xiao H, Wang XR |title=MicroRNA-221 silencing predisposed human bladder cancer cells to undergo apoptosis induced by TRAIL |journal=Urol Oncol |volume= 28|issue= 6|pages= 635–641|year=2009 |pmid=19767219 |doi=10.1016/j.urolonc.2009.06.005}}
  • {{cite journal |vauthors=Kotani A, Ha D, Hsieh J, Rao PK, Schotte D, den Boer ML, Armstrong SA, Lodish HF |title=miR-128b is a potent glucocorticoid sensitizer in MLL-AF4 acute lymphocytic leukemia cells and exerts cooperative effects with miR-221 |journal=Blood |volume=114 |issue=19 |pages=4169–78 |year=2009 |pmid=19749093 |doi=10.1182/blood-2008-12-191619 |pmc=2774553}}
  • {{cite journal |vauthors=Gramantieri L, Fornari F, Ferracin M, Veronese A, Sabbioni S, Calin GA, Grazi GL, Croce CM, Bolondi L, Negrini M |title=MicroRNA-221 targets Bmf in hepatocellular carcinoma and correlates with tumor multifocality |journal=Clin Cancer Res |volume=15 |issue=16 |pages=5073–81 |year=2009 |pmid=19671867 |doi=10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-09-0092|pmc=3900721 }}
  • {{cite journal |vauthors=Sun T, Yang M, Kantoff P, Lee GS |title=Role of microRNA-221/-222 in cancer development and progression |journal=Cell Cycle |volume=8 |issue=15 |pages=2315–6 |year=2009 |pmid=19625765 |doi=10.4161/cc.8.15.9221|s2cid=2636213 |doi-access=free }}
  • {{cite journal |vauthors=Spahn M, Kneitz S, Scholz CJ, Stenger N, Rüdiger T, Ströbel P, Riedmiller H, Kneitz B |title=Expression of microRNA-221 is progressively reduced in aggressive prostate cancer and metastasis and predicts clinical recurrence |journal=Int J Cancer |volume=127 |issue=2 |pages=394–403 |year=2010 |pmid=19585579 |doi=10.1002/ijc.24715|s2cid=23769033 |doi-access=free }}
  • {{cite journal |vauthors=Terasawa K, Ichimura A, Sato F, Shimizu K, Tsujimoto G |title=Sustained activation of ERK1/2 by NGF induces microRNA-221 and 222 in PC12 cells |journal=FEBS J |volume=276 |issue=12 |pages=3269–76 |year=2009 |pmid=19438724 |doi=10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.07041.x|s2cid=36686669 }}
  • {{cite journal |vauthors=Zhang C, Kang C, You Y, Pu P, Yang W, Zhao P, Wang G, Zhang A, Jia Z, Han L, Jiang H |title=Co-suppression of miR-221/222 cluster suppresses human glioma cell growth by targeting p27kip1 in vitro and in vivo |journal=Int J Oncol |volume=34 |issue=6 |pages=1653–60 |year=2009 |pmid=19424584 |doi=10.3892/ijo_00000296|doi-access=free }}
  • {{cite journal |vauthors=Minami Y, Satoh M, Maesawa C, Takahashi Y, Tabuchi T, Itoh T, Nakamura M |title=Effect of atorvastatin on microRNA 221 / 222 expression in endothelial progenitor cells obtained from patients with coronary artery disease |journal=Eur J Clin Invest |volume=39 |issue=5 |pages=359–367 |year=2009 |pmid=19371267 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2362.2009.02110.x|s2cid=205291066 |doi-access=free }}
  • {{cite journal |vauthors=Sun T, Wang Q, Balk S, Brown M, Lee GS, Kantoff P |title=The role of microRNA-221 and microRNA-222 in androgen-independent prostate cancer cell lines |journal=Cancer Res |volume=69 |issue=8 |pages=3356–63 |year=2009 |pmid=19351832 |doi=10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-4112 |pmc=2703812}}
  • {{cite journal |vauthors=Li Y, Song YH, Li F, Yang T, Lu YW, Geng YJ |title=MicroRNA-221 regulates high glucose-induced endothelial dysfunction |journal=Biochem Biophys Res Commun |volume=381 |issue=1 |pages=81–83 |year=2009 |pmid=19351599 |doi=10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.02.013 |pmc=2670889}}
  • {{cite journal |vauthors=Liu X, Cheng Y, Zhang S, Lin Y, Yang J, Zhang C |title=A necessary role of miR-221 and miR-222 in vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and neointimal hyperplasia |journal=Circ Res |volume=104 |issue=4 |pages=476–487 |year=2009 |pmid=19150885 |doi=10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.108.185363 |pmc=2728290}}
  • {{cite journal |vauthors=Mayoral RJ, Pipkin ME, Pachkov M, van Nimwegen E, Rao A, Monticelli S |title=MicroRNA-221-222 regulate the cell cycle in mast cells |journal=Journal of Immunology |volume=182 |issue=1 |pages=433–445 |year=2009 |pmid=19109175 |pmc=2610349 |doi=10.4049/jimmunol.182.1.433}}
  • {{cite journal |vauthors=Mercatelli N, Coppola V, Bonci D, Miele F, Costantini A, Guadagnoli M, Bonanno E, Muto G, Frajese GV, De Maria R, Spagnoli LG, Farace MG, Ciafrè SA |title=The inhibition of the highly expressed miR-221 and miR-222 impairs the growth of prostate carcinoma xenografts in mice |journal=PLOS ONE|volume=3 |issue=12 |pages=e4029 |year=2008 |pmid=19107213 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0004029 |editor1-last=Blagosklonny |editor1-first=Mikhail V. |pmc=2603596|doi-access=free |bibcode=2008PLoSO...3.4029M }}
  • {{cite journal |vauthors=Davis BN, Hilyard AC, Nguyen PH, Lagna G, Hata A |title=Induction of microRNA-221 by platelet-derived growth factor signaling is critical for modulation of vascular smooth muscle phenotype |journal=J Biol Chem |volume=284 |issue=6 |pages=3728–38 |year=2009 |pmid=19088079 |doi=10.1074/jbc.M808788200 |pmc=2635044|doi-access=free }}
  • {{cite journal |vauthors=Kim HJ, Chung JK, Hwang do W, Lee DS, Kim S |title=In vivo imaging of miR-221 biogenesis in papillary thyroid carcinoma |journal=Mol Imaging Biol |volume=11 |issue=2 |pages=71–78 |year= 2008|pmid=19030936 |doi=10.1007/s11307-008-0188-6|s2cid=10368716 }}
  • {{cite journal |vauthors=Felicetti F, Errico MC, Segnalini P, Mattia G, Carè A |title=MicroRNA-221 and -222 pathway controls melanoma progression |journal=Expert Rev Anticancer Ther |volume=8 |issue=11 |pages=1759–65 |year=2008 |pmid=18983236 |doi=10.1586/14737140.8.11.1759|s2cid=2438171 }}
  • {{cite journal |vauthors=Kim HJ, Kim YH, Lee DS, Chung JK, Kim S |title=In vivo imaging of functional targeting of miR-221 in papillary thyroid carcinoma |journal=J Nucl Med |volume=49 |issue=10 |pages=1686–93 |year=2008 |pmid=18794255 |doi=10.2967/jnumed.108.052894|s2cid=16600024 |doi-access=free |hdl=10371/67771 |hdl-access=free }}
  • {{cite journal |vauthors=Miller TE, Ghoshal K, Ramaswamy B, Roy S, Datta J, Shapiro CL, Jacob S, Majumder S |title=MicroRNA-221/222 confers tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer by targeting p27Kip1 |journal=J Biol Chem |volume=283 |issue=44 |pages=29897–903 |year=2008 |pmid=18708351 |doi=10.1074/jbc.M804612200 |pmc=2573063|doi-access=free }}
  • {{cite journal |vauthors=Fornari F, Gramantieri L, Ferracin M, Veronese A, Sabbioni S, Calin GA, Grazi GL, Giovannini C, Croce CM, Bolondi L, Negrini M |title=MiR-221 controls CDKN1C/p57 and CDKN1B/p27 expression in human hepatocellular carcinoma |journal=Oncogene |volume=27 |issue=43 |pages=5651–61 |year=2008 |pmid=18521080 |doi=10.1038/onc.2008.178|s2cid=19800498 }}
  • {{cite journal |vauthors=Felicetti F, Errico MC, Bottero L, Segnalini P, Stoppacciaro A, Biffoni M, Felli N, Mattia G, Petrini M, Colombo MP, Peschle C, Carè A |title=The promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger-microRNA-221/-222 pathway controls melanoma progression through multiple oncogenic mechanisms |journal=Cancer Res |volume=68 |issue=8 |pages=2745–54 |year=2008 |pmid=18417445 |doi=10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-2538|doi-access=free }}
  • {{cite journal |vauthors=Visone R, Russo L, Pallante P, De Martino I, Ferraro A, Leone V, Borbone E, Petrocca F, Alder H, Croce CM, Fusco A |title=MicroRNAs (miR)-221 and miR-222, both overexpressed in human thyroid papillary carcinomas, regulate p27Kip1 protein levels and cell cycle |journal=Endocr Relat Cancer |volume=14 |issue=3 |pages=791–8 |year=2007 |pmid=17914108 |doi=10.1677/ERC-07-0129|doi-access=free }}
  • {{cite journal |vauthors=le Sage C, Nagel R, Egan DA, Schrier M, Mesman E, Mangiola A, Anile C, Maira G, Mercatelli N, Ciafrè SA, Farace MG, Agami R |title=Regulation of the p27(Kip1) tumor suppressor by miR-221 and miR-222 promotes cancer cell proliferation |journal=The EMBO Journal|volume=26 |issue=15 |pages=3699–3708 |year=2007 |pmid=17627278 |doi=10.1038/sj.emboj.7601790 |pmc=1949005}}
  • {{cite journal |vauthors=Galardi S, Mercatelli N, Giorda E, Massalini S, Frajese GV, Ciafrè SA, Farace MG |title=miR-221 and miR-222 expression affects the proliferation potential of human prostate carcinoma cell lines by targeting p27Kip1 |journal=J Biol Chem |volume=282 |issue=32 |pages=23716–24 |year=2007 |pmid=17569667 |doi=10.1074/jbc.M701805200|doi-access=free }}

{{Refend}}

External links

  • {{Rfam|id=RF00651|name=mir-221 microRNA precursor family}}

{{miRNA precursor families}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mir-221 Microrna}}

Category:MicroRNA

Category:Non-coding RNA