moral courage

Moral courage is the courage to take action for moral reasons despite the risk of adverse consequences.{{cite book |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s6cXR36GYA4C&pg=PA55 |chapter=The Courage To Do The Right Thing|title=The right thing to do: an ethics guide for engineering students |first=P. Aarne |last=Vesilind|year=2006|edition=2nd|publisher=Lakeshore Press|location=Woodsville, N.H. |isbn=9780965053969 }}

Courage is required in order to take action when one has doubts or fears about the consequences. Moral courage therefore involves deliberation or careful thought. Reflex action or dogmatic fanaticism do not involve moral courage because such impulsive actions are not based upon moral reasoning.{{cite book |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AIKS-59iyxwC&pg=PA116 |title=Courage, a philosophical investigation |first=Douglas N.|last= Walton |chapter=Moral Deliberation and Conduct|publisher=University of California Press|year= 1986 |isbn=9780520054431 }}

Moral courage may also require physical courage when the consequences are punishment or other bodily peril.{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2-BLZ0WVlNIC&pg=PA2 |title=Psychological Courage |first=Daniel A. |last=Putman|isbn=9780761828204|publisher=University Press of America |year=2004 }}

Moral courage has been seen as the exemplary modernist form of courage.{{cite book|first=T. A.|last=Shippey|title=The Road to Middle Earth|year=1992|pages=72–73}}

Parenting approach

Incorporating moral courage into parenting{{How|date=August 2023}} can affect the self-expression{{Specify|reason=in what fashion?|date=August 2023}} of the child during late adolescence.{{cite journal|last1=Bronstein|first1=Phyllis|last2=Fox|first2=Barbara J.|last3=Kamon|first3=Jody L.|last4=Knolls|first4=Michelle L.|title=Parenting and Gender as Predictors of Moral Courage in Late Adolescence: A Longitudinal Study|journal=Sex Roles|volume=56|issue=9–10|pages=661–74|language=en|doi=10.1007/s11199-007-9182-8|date=30 May 2007|s2cid=21740863 }} It is more likely for a person to exemplify moral courage in adulthood if they were raised receiving respect and compassion from their parents than if they were raised in a violent environment. Parents teaching moral values such as empathy, justice, equality, and a caring focus on others are indicative of the development of moral courage. The development{{Specify|reason=what sort of development? of the parent or the child?|date=August 2023}} of moral courage within parenting is not only affected by the parent's passed-down moral values but the children's autonomy on how to perceive and practice their moral values. Those who incorporate the practice of their moral values into their everyday lives engage in moral courage to protect those values as well.{{cite journal|last1=Brooks|first1=A. K.|last2=Edwards|first2=K.|title=Allies in the Workplace: Including LGBT in HRD|journal=Advances in Developing Human Resources|date=5 January 2009|volume=11|issue=1|pages=136–49|doi=10.1177/1523422308328500|s2cid=145066844 |language=en}}

Examples of moral courage

Moral courage can be shown through selfless actions aimed at diminishing or eliminating discrimination. A study used qualitative research methods to analyze the process of how and why individuals become LGBT allies.{{r|LGBT Gender Identity Workplace Moral Courage}} The study mentions how human resources development play a role to help prevent LGBT discrimination in the workplace.{{Relevance inline|reason=unclear how "moral courage" specifically relates to this example|date=August 2023}}

Moral courage is demonstrated when individuals stand up for moral principles, even if it puts them in danger or the violation of those principles does not directly affect them. During the Holocaust, many non-Jews demonstrated moral courage by risking their lives to save and help rescue Jews, often individuals and families they had never met.{{Cite journal |last=Izen |first=Seth |date=2011 |title=Roots of Moral Courage |url=https://www.uml.edu/docs/roots%20of%20moral%20courage_tcm18-146990.pdf |journal=UMass Lowell}} The likelihood of this kind of moral courage is less determined by external situational factors and more indicative of the internal traits and qualities of the individuals rescuing Jews. Some traits that drive people to exhibit this kind of moral courage include empathy, a sense of social responsibility, strong ethical standards such as justice and equality, advanced moral judgment, and the openness to take risks.

Moral courage anonymity

Many different aspects can contribute to moral courage. Something that may inhibit moral courage however, is the undesirable consequences in their personal, social, and work life. A way of counteracting those adverse consequences and increasing moral courage may be by adding anonymity.{{Cite journal |last=Pan |first=Xinyu |last2=Hou |first2=Yubo |last3=Wang |first3=Qi |date=November 2023 |title=Are we braver in cyberspace? Social media anonymity enhances moral courage |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2023.107880 |journal=Computers in Human Behavior |volume=148 |pages=107880 |doi=10.1016/j.chb.2023.107880 |issn=0747-5632}} In a study on online moral courage, they found that moral courage and anonymity online had a positive correlation. Moral courage was also correlated with gender, age, and education levels, therefore, those who are older, male, and have lower levels of education are more likely to perform acts of moral courage when they perceive that they are acting anonymously compared to those who are young, female, and have higher levels of education. Even when controlling those factors, there is still a positive correlation.

moral courage

Parenting approach

Examples of moral courage

Moral courage anonymity

References

Further reading