mouth organ

{{Short description|Musical instrument}}

{{Distinguish|text=an anatomical organ of the mouth}}

{{Infobox instrument

| image = THOM Chinese Cheng and Japanese Sho.jpg

| image_capt = A Chinese Sheng (L) and a Japanese Shō (R).

| image_size = 150px

| classification = {{flatlist|

• Wind
• aerophone

}}

| hornbostel_sachs = 412.132

| hornbostel_sachs_desc = Free reed aerophone

| articles = {{flatlist|

• Sheng
• Shō
• Lusheng
• Yu
• Saenghwang
• Plung
• Sompoton
• Khene
• Harmonica
• Melodica

}}

}}

A mouth organ is any free reed aerophone with one or more air chambers fitted with a free reed.{{cite encyclopedia |last=Miller |first=Terry |editor= |encyclopedia=Grove Music Online |title=Mouth Organ |url=http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/subscriber/article/grove/music/19254= |accessdate=26 Sep 2011 |language= |edition= |date= |year= |publisher= |volume= |location= |id= |isbn= |oclc= |doi= |pages= |quote= }}

Though it spans many traditions, it is played universally the same way by the musician placing their lips over a chamber or holes in the instrument, and blowing or sucking air to create a sound.{{cite encyclopedia |last=Benyon |first=Ivor |encyclopedia=Grove Music Online |title=Harmonica (i) Mouth Organ|url=http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/subscriber/article/grove/music/12384 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120915044427/http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/subscriber/article/grove/music/12384 |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 September 2012 |accessdate=26 Sep 2011 |language= |edition= |date= |year= |publisher= |volume= |location= |id= |isbn= |oclc= |doi= |pages= |quote= }} Many of the chambers can be played together or each individually.

The mouth organ can be found all around the world and is known by many different names and seen in many different traditions. The most notable variations include the harmonica, and Asian free reed wind instruments consisting of a number of bamboo pipes of varying lengths fixed into a wind chest; these include the sheng, khaen, lusheng, yu, shō, and saenghwang. The melodica, consisting of a single tube that is essentially blown through a keyboard, is another variation.