mushroom edible

Mushroom edibles can contain compounds found in or related to those in psilocybin mushrooms such as psilocybin, psilocin, or 4-AcO-DMT (psilacetin; "synthetic shrooms") or those in Amanita muscaria mushrooms such as muscimol or ibotenic acid. Psilocybin mushrooms are a serotonergic psychedelic,{{cite journal | vauthors = Geiger HA, Wurst MG, Daniels RN | title = DARK Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: Psilocybin | journal = ACS Chem Neurosci | volume = 9 | issue = 10 | pages = 2438–2447 | date = October 2018 | pmid = 29956917 | doi = 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00186 | url = https://shaunlacob.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/DC-PSILO.pdf}}{{cite journal | vauthors = Pepe M, Hesami M, de la Cerda KA, Perreault ML, Hsiang T, Jones AM | title = A journey with psychedelic mushrooms: From historical relevance to biology, cultivation, medicinal uses, biotechnology, and beyond | journal = Biotechnol Adv | volume = 69 | issue = | pages = 108247 | date = December 2023 | pmid = 37659744 | doi = 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108247 | url = }} while Amanita muscaria mushrooms are a GABAergic hallucinogen.{{cite journal | vauthors = Rivera-Illanes D, Recabarren-Gajardo G | title = Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: Muscimol | journal = ACS Chem Neurosci | volume = 15 | issue = 18 | pages = 3257–3269 | date = September 2024 | pmid = 39254100 | doi = 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00304 | url = }} 4-AcO-DMT, a synthetic analogue of psilocybin (4-PO-DMT), is a prodrug of psilocin similarly to psilocybin itself.{{cite journal | vauthors = Jones NT, Wagner L, Hahn MC, Scarlett CO, Wenthur CJ | title = In vivo validation of psilacetin as a prodrug yielding modestly lower peripheral psilocin exposure than psilocybin | journal = Front Psychiatry | volume = 14 | issue = | pages = 1303365 | date = 2023 | pmid = 38264637 | pmc = 10804612 | doi = 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1303365 | doi-access = free | url = }} Mushroom edibles may also contain completely unrelated substances and drugs, with identified compounds having included bath salts, 4-AcO-DET, the scheduled prescription drug pregabalin, and kava constituents, among others.{{cite web | last=Mole | first=Beth | title=What we know about microdosing candy illnesses as death investigation underway | website=Ars Technica | date=5 July 2024 | url=https://arstechnica.com/science/2024/07/authorities-investigating-death-possibly-linked-to-toxic-microdosing-candies/ | access-date=1 February 2025}}{{cite web | last=Page | first=Eric S. | title=Seven tons of fake magic-mushroom candy bars turned over to San Diego deputies | website=NBC 7 San Diego | date=22 November 2024 | url=https://www.nbcsandiego.com/news/local/seven-tons-of-fake-magic-mushroom-candy-bars-turned-over-to-san-diego-deputies/3683791/ | access-date=1 February 2025}} Their ingredients are often not specified and may simply say "proprietary mushroom blend" or "magic blend".

Mushroom edibles started being sold in the United States in the 2020s and began to surge in popularity in 2023.{{cite web | last=Yakowicz | first=Will | title=Your Psychedelic Gummy Is Here. (Have A Nice Trip.) | website=Forbes | date=5 May 2024 | url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/willyakowicz/2024/05/03/rise-of-psychedelic-mushroom-gummies-aminita-muscaria-polkadot/ | access-date=1 February 2025 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20240505120251/https://www.forbes.com/sites/willyakowicz/2024/05/03/rise-of-psychedelic-mushroom-gummies-aminita-muscaria-polkadot/?sh=4402f78558aa | archive-date=5 May 2024}} They include chocolate bars, gummies, and other food items. The products are often sold at smokes or head shops, cannabis stores, and gas stations, as well as online. Some of the most well-known brands in the United States include PolkaDot and Tre House. The widespread market availability of Amanita muscaria products, as opposed to hallucinogenic mushrooms in general, is a relatively recent development. This mushroom is often inappropriately conflated with psilocybin mushrooms, including in terms of safety as well as possible therapeutic benefits when used medically. Mushroom edibles in general exist in a legal gray area in the United States and are unregulated. There are often knockoff or counterfeit products that imitate major brands and may have completely different ingredients in spite of similar branding.

In December 2024, it was reported that a company called PsiloSafe had launched a testing and certification program for magic mushroom products.{{cite web | last=Busby | first=Mattha | title=Finally, A Company Verifying Which Shroom Products Are Legit | website=DoubleBlind Mag | date=4 December 2024 | url=https://doubleblindmag.com/psilosafe-lab-testing/ | access-date=15 March 2025}} The aim is to ensure the ingredients, potency, and safety of the products. Some 15 product brands have partnered with PsiloSafe.

Amanita muscaria and constituents like muscimol and ibotenic acid are not controlled substances in most of the United States and hence are considered legal.{{cite journal | vauthors = Leas EC, Satybaldiyeva N, Kepner W, Yang KH, Harati RM, Corroon J, Rouffet M | title = Need for a Public Health Response to the Unregulated Sales of Amanita muscaria Mushrooms | journal = Am J Prev Med | volume = 67 | issue = 3 | pages = 458–463 | date = September 2024 | pmid = 38864780 | doi = 10.1016/j.amepre.2024.05.006 | url = | pmc = 11832274 }} However, other substances that may be in mushroom edibles, such as psilocybin and psilocin, are controlled substances and hence are illegal. In December 2024, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) banned the Amanita muscaria constituents muscimol, ibotenic acid, and muscarine from food products including mushroom edibles.{{cite web | last=Stone | first=Will | title=The FDA restricts a psychoactive mushroom used in some edibles | website=NPR | date=21 December 2024 | url=https://www.npr.org/sections/shots-health-news/2024/12/21/nx-s1-5234252/fda-restricts-amanita-muscaria-edibles | access-date=1 February 2025}}{{cite web | title=Edible magic mushroom: FDA is banning one specific kind in edibles | website=LAist | date=21 December 2024 | url=https://laist.com/brief/news/food/the-fda-restricts-a-psychoactive-mushroom-used-in-some-edibles | access-date=1 February 2025}}{{cite web | title=FDA Alerts on Use of Amanita Muscaria or its Constituents in Food | website=U.S. Food and Drug Administration | date=1 October 2024 | url=https://www.fda.gov/food/hfp-constituent-updates/fda-alerts-industry-and-consumers-about-use-amanita-muscaria-or-its-constituents-food | access-date=1 February 2025}}{{dead link|date=May 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} The agency could push the Drug Enforcement Agency to classify Amanita muscaria or its active compounds as controlled substances, but whether enforcement occurs depends on the Trump administration’s approach, with the FDA typically issuing warning letters without strict action unless serious safety issues arise—similar to how hemp-derived products like Delta-9 THC and CBD are currently handled.{{cite web |last=Stone |first=Will |title=The FDA restricts a psychoactive mushroom used in some edibles |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/shots-health-news/2024/12/21/nx-s1-5234252/fda-restricts-amanita-muscaria-edibles |website=NPR |date=2024-12-21 |access-date=2025-05-18}} The FDA and other government agencies such as the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) have warned consumers not to buy or eat mushroom edibles.{{cite web | last=Ward | first=James | title=Magic mushroom chocolate bars contain dangerous ingredients CDPH warns | website=The Desert Sun | date=22 November 2024 | url=https://www.desertsun.com/story/news/nation/california/2024/11/22/magic-mushroom-chocolate-bars-contain-dangerous-ingredients-cdph-warns/76505496007/ | access-date=1 February 2025 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20250201140642/https://www.desertsun.com/story/news/nation/california/2024/11/22/magic-mushroom-chocolate-bars-contain-dangerous-ingredients-cdph-warns/76505496007/ | archive-date=1 February 2025}}{{cite web | title=Investigation of Illnesses: Diamond Shruumz-Brand Chocolate Bars, Cones, & Gummies (June 2024) | website=U.S. Food and Drug Administration | date=1 October 2024 | url=https://www.fda.gov/food/outbreaks-foodborne-illness/investigation-illnesses-diamond-shruumz-brand-chocolate-bars-cones-gummies-june-2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240611180735/https://www.fda.gov/food/outbreaks-foodborne-illness/investigation-illnesses-diamond-shruumz-brand-chocolate-bars-cones-gummies-june-2024 | url-status=dead | archive-date=June 11, 2024 | access-date=1 February 2025}}

One mushroom edible brand, Diamond Shruumz, has been linked to hundreds of poisonings, including three deaths, and was recalled.{{cite magazine | last=Johnson | first=Robert | title=A Psychedelic Debacle: 4-AcO, Microdosing, Media Panics and the Risks of Prohibition | magazine=Rolling Stone | date=11 September 2024 | url=https://www.rollingstone.com/culture-council/articles/psychedelic-debacle-4-aco-microdosing-panics-risks-of-prohibition-1235098751/ | access-date=1 February 2025}} The FDA conducted an investigation and identified ingredients including muscimol, psilacetin, psilocybin, pregabalin, and kava constituents. It is unclear exactly why the products caused poisonings, but it may have been related to toxic amounts of muscimol or to presence of ibotenic acid, a known neurotoxin and convulsant.{{cite web | last=Stone | first=Will | title=Mushroom edibles are making people sick. Scientists still don't know why | website=NPR | date=21 August 2024 | url=https://www.npr.org/sections/shots-health-news/2024/08/21/nx-s1-5066893/amanita-magic-mushroom-gummies-diamond-shruumz | access-date=1 February 2025}} In general, Amanita muscaria constituents are known to be much more toxic and less safe than psilocybin mushroom ingredients. There is also little quality control in terms of the dosing of mushroom edibles, and amounts of active ingredients may vary considerably even within the same product. Children have also been poisoned by mushroom edibles, for instance after stealing chocolate bars from their parents.{{cite web | last=Semley | first=John | title=Cartoon packaging and an 'inconsolable' high: when magic mushroom chocolate gets into the wrong hands | website=the Guardian | date=12 June 2023 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2023/jun/12/mushrooms-chocolate-psilocybin-psychedelics-children | access-date=2 February 2025 | quote=The brand is actually Polkadot Bar. And they’ve become increasingly common in the psychedelic grey market. As more states open up laws around cannabis, Polkadot Bars and a range of other magic mushroom containing-candies – including One-Up Bars, Holy Grail Bars, Magic Bars and Mushie Gummies – have become common, under-the-counter offerings in cannabis boutiques, smoke shops and corner bodegas. The bars come in a range of flavours, from Ferrero Rocher, Twix and Fruity Pebbles to matcha, blueberry acai and “strawnana”. }}

• Cannabis edible
• Magic truffle
• Mushroom tea
• Psychedelic mushroom store

{{Reflist}}

• [https://doubleblindmag.com/you-can-now-buy-shrooms-online/ You Can Now Buy Shrooms Online in the U.S. But Should You? - Double Blind Magazine]
• [https://doubleblindmag.com/shroomland-la/ You Can Buy “Legal Shrooms” On the Venice Beach Boardwalk - Double Blind Magazine]
• [https://doubleblindmag.com/4-aco-dmt/ 4-AcO-DMT Is the Most Accessible (and Mysterious) Drug on the Market Right Now - Double Blind Magazine]
• [https://www.reddit.com/r/mysterymagicmushrooms/ r/mysterymagicmushrooms - Reddit]

{{Drug use}}

{{Psychedelics}}

{{Hallucinogens}}

{{Hallucinogenic mushrooms}}

Category:Psilocybin

Category:Psychedelic drugs

Category:Hallucinogens

Category:Psychoactive fungi