natural magic

{{for|the 1558 book by Giambattista della Porta|Magia Naturalis}}

{{Short description|Natural science during the Renaissance}}

{{magic sidebar|Forms}}

Natural magic in the context of Renaissance magic is that part of the occult which deals with natural forces directly, as opposed to ceremonial magic which deals with the summoning of spirits.{{cite book |last1=Agrippa |first1=Henry Cornelius |translator-last1=Freake |translator-first1=James |title=Three Books of Occult Philosophy |date=1651 |location=London |pages=567–576}} Natural magic sometimes makes use of physical substances from the natural world such as stones or herbs.

Natural magic so defined includes astrology, alchemy, and disciplines that we would today consider fields of natural science, such as astronomy and chemistry (which developed and diverged from astrology and alchemy, respectively, into the modern sciences they are today) or botany (from herbology). The Jesuit scholar Athanasius Kircher wrote that "there are as many types of natural magic as there are subjects of applied sciences".{{cite book |last1=Stolzenberg |first1=Daniel |title=The Great Art of Knowing: The Baroque Encyclopedia of Athanasius Kircher |date=2001 |publisher=Stanford University Libraries |isbn=0911221239 |page=51}}

Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa discusses natural magic in his Three Books of Occult Philosophy (1533),{{cite book |last1=Versluis |first1=Arthur |title=Magic and Mysticism: An Introduction to Western Esotericism |date=2007 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-0742558366 |page=80}} where he calls it "nothing else but the highest power of natural sciences". The Italian Renaissance philosopher Giovanni Pico della Mirandola, who founded the tradition of Christian Kabbalah, argued that natural magic was "the practical part of natural science" and was lawful rather than heretical.{{cite book |last1=Mebane |first1=John S. |title=Renaissance Magic and the Return of the Golden Age: The Occult Tradition and Marlowe, Jonson, and Shakespeare |date=1992 |publisher=University of Nebraska Press |location=Lincoln |isbn=9780803281790 |pages=44–45}}