nephrops

{{Short description|Genus of lobsters}}

{{Automatic taxobox

| fossil_range = {{fossil_range|Oligocene|Recent|earliest=Cretaceous}}

| image = Nephrops norvegicus.jpg

| image_caption = Nephrops norvegicus

| taxon = Nephrops

| authority = Leach, 1814

| type_species = Nephrops norvegicus

| type_species_authority = Linnaeus, 1758

}}

Nephrops is a genus of lobsters comprising a single extant species, Nephrops norvegicus (the Norway lobster or Dublin Bay prawn), and several fossil species. It was erected by William Elford Leach in 1814, to accommodate N. norvegicus alone, which had previously been placed in genera such as Cancer, Astacus or Homarus.{{cite encyclopaedia |editor=David Brewster |encyclopedia=The Edinburgh Encyclopaedia |volume=7 |title=Crustaceology |author=William Elford Leach |year=1830 |pages=383–437 |url=https://archive.org/details/edinburghencycl05encygoog}} Nephrops means "kidney eye" and refers to the shape of the animal's compound eye.

Although the species in the genus Metanephrops were previously included in Nephrops, molecular phylogenetics suggests that the two genera are not sister taxa, Nephrops being more closely related to Homarus than either is to Metanephrops.{{cite journal |author1=Tin-Yam Chan |author2=Ka Chai Ho |author3=Chi Pang Li |author4=Ka Hou Chu |year=2009 |title=Origin and diversification of the clawed lobster genus Metanephrops (Crustacea: Decapoda: Nephropidae) |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |volume=50 |issue=3 |pages=411–422 |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2008.11.020 |pmid=19070670}}

Most of the fossil species assigned to the genus Nephrops are known only from partial remains, and their affinities are not certain.{{cite journal |author=Richard J. F. Jenkins |year=1972 |title=Metanephrops, a new genus of Late Pliocene to Recent lobsters (Decapoda, Nephropidae) |journal=Crustaceana |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=161–177 |jstor=20101873 |doi=10.1163/156854072X00426}} They include:

• Nephrops reedi Carter, 1898 – Pliocene, England
• Nephrops costatus Rathbun, 1918 – Pleistocene, Panama
• Nephrops maoensis Rathbun, 1920 – Oligocene or Miocene, Dominican Republic
• Nephrops aequus Rathbun, 1920 – Oligocene or Miocene, Dominican Republic
• Nephrops shastensis Rathbun, 1929 – Cretaceous, California (possibly belongs in Hoploparia)
• Nephrops americanus Rathbun, 1935 – Cretaceous, Texas (not similar to Nephrops or Metanephrops)