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net international investment position

{{Short description|Concept in economics}}

__FORCETOC__

The net international investment position (NIIP) is the difference between the external financial assets and liabilities of a country.{{cite web|url=http://www.epinet.org/content.cfm/Issuebrief203|title=Debt and the dollar: The United States damages future living standards by borrowing itself into a deceptively deep hole|last=Bivens|first=L. Josh|date=December 14, 2004|publisher=Epinet.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080120130654/http://www.epinet.org/content.cfm/Issuebrief203|archive-date=January 20, 2008|access-date=2009-06-28}} External debt of a country includes government debt and private debt. External assets publicly and privately held by a country's legal residents are also taken into account when calculating NIIP.Ministry of Economic and Finance of Argentina [http://www.mecon.gov.ar/cuentas/internacionales/documentos/international_investment_position_methodology.pdf International Investment Position Methodology] page.1 Commodities and currencies tend to follow a cyclical pattern of significant valuation changes, which is also reflected in NIIP.

The International investment position (IIP) of a country is a financial statement of the value and composition of its external financial assets and liabilities. A positive NIIP value indicates that a nation is a creditor nation, while a negative value indicates that it is a debtor nation.

World

{{Globalize|date=August 2023|2=US}}

In 1980, the United States net international-creditor position was bigger than the total net creditor-positions of all the other countries in the world. Only six years later, in 1986, when the nation’s international investment position was at a year-end negative $107.4 billion, the U.S. became a net-debtor nation for the first time since 1914, when its nominal debt had reached $2 billion.{{cite news |agency=Associated Press |date=24 June 1986 |title=U.S. Becomes the World's Largest Debtor Country |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-06-24-mn-21190-story.html |work=Los Angeles Times|access-date=14 April 2023}} By 1990, the U.S. was the world's largest debtor{{cite journal |last1=Aliber|author-link= Robert Z. Aliber|first1=Robert|url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11293-020-09695-x |date=31 January 2021 |title=Why did the United States Evolve from the Largest International Creditor in 1980 to the Largest International Debtor in 1990? |journal=Atlantic Economic Journal|volume=48 |issue= 4|pages=405–411|doi= 10.1007/s11293-020-09695-x|access-date=14 April 2023|doi-access=free}} By end-2020, the country’s net international-investment position was a negative $14 trillion, an amount representing how much more the U.S. owed to the rest of the world than the rest of the world owed to the U.S.{{cite web |url=https://www.bea.gov/news/2021/us-international-investment-position-fourth-quarter-and-year-2020 |title=U.S. International Investment Position, Fourth Quarter and Year 2020 |website=BEA News |publisher=Bureau of Economic Analysis |date=31 March 2021 |access-date=14 April 2023}} At the end of 2022, it stood at a negative $16 trillion.{{cite web |url=https://www.bea.gov/sites/default/files/2023-03/intinv422.pdf |title=U.S. International Investment Position, 4th Quarter and Year 2022 |website=BEA News|publisher=Bureau of Economic Analysis |date=29 March 2023 |access-date=14 April 2023}}

List of countries and regions by net international investment position (NIIP)

{{incomplete list|date=February 2012}}

class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: right"

|+Statistics (mainly around 2024)

! Countries and regions !! |Date !! NIIP{{Cite web |title=IMF Data |url=https://data.imf.org/regular.aspx?key=62805745 |access-date=6 February 2025 |website=data.imf.org}}
(US$ millions)

! |Date !! GDP{{cite web|url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2021/April/weo-report?c=512,914,612,614,311,213,911,314,193,122,912,313,419,513,316,913,124,339,638,514,218,963,616,223,516,918,748,618,624,522,622,156,626,628,228,924,233,632,636,634,238,662,960,423,935,128,611,321,243,248,469,253,642,643,939,734,644,819,172,132,646,648,915,134,652,174,328,258,656,654,336,263,268,532,944,176,534,536,429,433,178,436,136,343,158,439,916,664,826,542,967,443,917,544,941,446,666,668,672,946,137,546,674,676,548,556,678,181,867,682,684,273,868,921,948,943,686,688,518,728,836,558,138,196,278,692,694,962,142,449,564,565,283,853,288,293,566,964,182,359,453,968,922,714,862,135,716,456,722,942,718,724,576,936,961,813,726,199,733,184,524,361,362,364,732,366,144,146,463,528,923,738,578,537,742,866,369,744,186,925,869,746,926,466,112,111,298,927,846,299,582,487,474,754,698,&s=NGDPD,&sy=2018&ey=2026&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1|title=Report for Selected Country Groups and Subjects|publisher=International Monetary Fund}}IMF's World Economic Outlook October 2024 "By countries" document Current prices GDP in US Dollars NGDPD https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2024/October/download-entire-database
(US $millions)

!Date !! data-sort type="number" | NIIP
(% GDP)

style="text-align: left" |{{ALB}}2024Q3-11,468202426,1302024 |
52.1
style="text-align: left" |{{ALG}}2024Q1+50,0002024260,1342024{{nts
}

|-

| style="text-align: left" |{{AND}}|| 2023 || +21,416 || 2023 || 3,790{{cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD?locations=AD |title=GDP (current US$) - Andorra |website=World Bank |date=2023 |access-date=1 March 2025}} || 2023 ||+{{nts|+565.1}}

|-

| style="text-align: left" |{{ANG}}|| 2024Q3 || -16,623 || 2024 || 113,286|| 2024||{{nts|}}

|-

| style="text-align: left" |{{ARG}}|| 2024Q3 || +75,882 || 2024 || 604,382 || 2024 ||+{{nts|+26.3}}

|-

| style="text-align: left" |{{ARM}}|| 2024Q3 || -12,218 || 2024 || 25,251 || 2024 ||-73.1

|-

| style="text-align: left" |{{AUS}}|| 2024Q3 || -560,537 || 2024 || 1,802,006 || 2024 ||-41.1

|-

| style="text-align: left" |{{AUT}}|| 2024Q3 || +116,431 || 2024 || 535,804 || 2024Q3 ||+21.7

|-

| style="text-align: left" |{{BGD}}|| 2024Q2 || -86,746 || 2024 || 451,468 || 2024 ||-13.5

|-

| style="text-align: left" |{{BLR}}|| 2024Q3 || -19,219 || 2024 || 73,129 || 2024 ||-51.7

|-

| style="text-align: left" |{{BEL}}|| 2024Q3 || +390,828 || 2024 || 662,183 || 2024Q3 ||+57.3

|-

| style="text-align: left" |{{BHU}}|| 2024Q1 || -4,035 || 2024 || 3,151 || 2024 ||-104.2

|-

| style="text-align: left" |{{BOL}}|| 2024Q3 || -11,201 || 2024 || 48,172|| 2024 ||{{nts|}}

|-

| style="text-align: left" |{{BIH}}|| 2024Q3 || -6,872 || 2024 || 28,404|| 2024 ||{{nts|}}

|-

| style="text-align: left" |{{BRA}}|| 2024Q3 || -980,904 || 2024 || 2,188,419 || 2024 ||-39.6

|-

| style="text-align: left" |{{BUL}}|| 2024Q3 || -5,343 || 2024 || 108,425 || 2024Q3 ||-4.7

|-

| style="text-align: left" |{{KHM}}|| 2024Q3 || -35,867 || 2024 || 47,147 || 2024 ||-94.2

|-

| style="text-align: left" |{{CAN}}|| 2024Q3 || +1,381,817 || 2024 || 2,214,796 || 2024 ||+{{nts|+58.7}}

|-

| style="text-align: left" |{{CHL}}|| 2024Q3 || -64,245 || 2024 || 328,720 || 2024 ||-9.4

|-

| style="text-align: left" |{{Flag|China}} (only mainland)|| 2024Q3 || +3,181,704 || 2024 || 18,273,357 || 2024 ||+{{nts|+12.9}}

|-

| style="text-align: left" |{{COL}}|| 2024Q3 || -185,040 || 2024 || 417,207 || 2024 ||-51.7

|-

| style="text-align: left" |{{COD}}|| 2018 || -19,779 || 2020 || 49,613 || 2020 ||-42.0

|-

| style="text-align: left" |{{CRI}}|| 2024Q3 || -40,539 || 2024 || 95,149|| 2024 ||{{nts|}}

|-

| style="text-align: left" |{{CRO}}|| 2024Q3 || -20,901 || 2024 || 89,665 || 2024Q3 ||-22.3

|-

| style="text-align: left" |{{CYP}}|| 2024Q1 || -30,803 || 2024 || 34,790 || 2024Q3 ||-84.6

|-

| style="text-align: left" |{{CZE}}|| 2024Q3 || -29,074 || 2024 || 342,992 || 2024Q3 ||-8.3

|-

| style="text-align: left" |{{DNK}}|| 2024Q2 || +135,827 || 2024 || 412,293 || 2024Q3 ||+56.6

|-

| style="text-align: left" |{{DOM}}|| 2024Q3 || -75,064 || 2024 || 126,238|| 2024 ||{{nts|}}

|-

| style="text-align: left" |{{EGY}}|| 2024Q3 || -277,136 || 2024 || 380,034 || 2021 ||-53.2

|-

| style="text-align: left" |{{EST}}|| 2024Q3 || -7,982 || 2024 || 43,044 || 2024Q3 ||-13.2

|-

| style="text-align: left" |{{Flag|EU}} (only Eurozone)|| 2024Q2 || +1,081,222 || 2023Q4 || 15,544,860|| 2024 ||{{nts|}}

|-

| style="text-align: left" |{{FIN}}|| 2024Q3 || +56,409 || 2024 || 306,083 || 2024Q3 ||+19.6

|-

| style="text-align: left" |{{FRA}}|| 2024Q3 || -801,354 || 2024 || 3,174,099 || 2024Q3 ||-24.7

|-

| style="text-align: left" |{{DEU}}|| 2024Q3 || +3,707,527 || 2024 || 4,710,032 || 2024Q3 ||+77.3

|-

| style="text-align: left" |{{GRC}}|| 2024Q3 || -340,644 || 2024 || 252,732 || 2024Q3 ||-129.8

|-

| style="text-align: left" |{{HKG}}|| 2024Q3 || +1,796,920 || 2024 || 368,633 || 2021 ||+{{nts|+586.8}}

|-

| style="text-align: left" |{{HUN}}|| 2024Q3 || -74,474 || 2024 || 228,806 || 2024Q3 ||-33.1

|-

| style="text-align: left" |{{ISL}}|| 2024Q3 || +13,322 || 2024 || 32,919 || 2019(Q1)||+{{nts|21}}[https://www.cb.is/statistics/statistics/2019/06/03/International-investment-position/?stdID=2 Central Bank of Iceland]

|-

| style="text-align: left" |{{IND}}|| 2024Q3 || -351,091 || 2024 || 3,889,130 || March 2020 ||-14{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=India's International Investment Position (IIP), March 2020|url=https://www.rbi.org.in/Scripts/BS_PressReleaseDisplay.aspx?prid=50025|access-date=2021-01-30|website=Reserve Bank of India}}

|-

| style="text-align: left" |{{flag|Indonesia}}|| 2021Q1 || -273,985 || 2021 || 1,402,590 || 2019 ||-30.4

|-

| style="text-align: left" |{{IRL}}|| 2024Q3 || -465,463 || 2024 || 560,566 || 2024Q3 ||-80.1

|-

| style="text-align: left" |{{ISR}}|| 2024Q3 || +242,701 || 2024 || 528,067 || 2021 ||+{{nts|+42.7}}

|-

| style="text-align: left" |{{ITA}}|| 2024Q3 || +296,936 || 2024 || 2,376,510 || 2024Q3 ||+12.2

|-

| style="text-align: left" |{{JPN}}|| 2024Q3 || +3,586,621 || 2024 || 4,070,094 || 2021 ||+{{nts|+62.8}}

|-

| style="text-align: left" |{{KAZ}}|| 2024Q3 || -49,791 || 2024 || 292,553 || 2019 ||-36.2

|-

| style="text-align: left" |{{KUW}}|| 2024Q3 || +120,063 || 2024 || 161,822 || 2019 ||+{{nts|+69.7}}

|-

| style="text-align: left" |{{LVA}}|| 2024Q3 || -9,861 || 2024 || 45,521 || 2024Q3 ||-22.3

|-

| style="text-align: left" |{{LTU}}|| 2024Q3 || +1,112 || 2024 || 82,789 || 2024Q3 ||+1.3

|-

| style="text-align: left" |{{LUX}}|| 2024Q3 || +34,551 || 2024 || 91,210 || 2024Q3 ||+37.6{{cite web |date=10 February 2025 |title=Net international investment position - quarterly data, % of GDP |url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tipsii40/default/table?lang=en |access-date=1 February 2025 |publisher=Eurostat}}

|-

| style="text-align: left" |{{flag|Malaysia}}|| 2024Q3 || -9,482 || 2024 || 439,748 || 2020 || +{{nts|+5.9}}

|-

| style="text-align: left" |{{MLT}}|| 2024Q3 || +24,387 || 2024 || 24,397 || 2024Q3 ||+98.6

|-

| style="text-align: left" |{{MEX}}|| 2024Q3 || -636,520 || 2024 || 1,848,125 || 2019 ||-51.4

|-

| style="text-align: left"| {{MNG}}|| 2024Q3 || -42,853 || 2024 || 23,669 || 2021 ||-262.9

|-

| style="text-align: left"| {{MNE}}|| 2024Q3 || -8,482 || 2024 || 8,110 || 2018 ||-178.8

|-

| style="text-align: left"| {{MOZ}}|| 2024Q1 || -69,977 || 2024 || 22,495 || 2021 ||-429.9

|-

| style="text-align: left" |{{NED}}|| 2024Q3 || +532,488 || 2024 || 1,218,401 || 2024Q3 ||+54.6

|-

| style="text-align: left" |{{NZL}}|| 2024Q3 || -119,310 || 2024 || 252,236 || 2019 ||-46.2

|-

| style="text-align: left"| {{NIC}}|| 2024Q3 || -17,964 || 2024 || 19,412 || 2019 ||-119.9

|-

| style="text-align: left" |{{NGA}}|| 2024Q3 || -71,484 || 2024 || 199,721 || 2019 ||-16.3

|-

| style="text-align: left"| {{NOR}}|| 2024Q3 || +1,611,208 || 2024 || 503,752 || 2021 ||+{{nts|+264.5}}

|-

| style="text-align: left" |{{PAK}}|| 2024Q3 || -128,962 || 2024 || 374,595 || 2021 ||-44.5

|-

| style="text-align: left" |{{PAN}}|| 2024Q3 || -76,574 || 2024 || 87,347 || 2020 ||-122.5

|-

| style="text-align: left" |{{PER}}|| 2024Q3 || -101,848 || 2024 || 283,309 || 2018 ||-37.4

|-

| style="text-align: left" |{{PHL}}|| 2024Q3 || -59,236 || 2024 || 470,062 || 2020 ||-5.6

|-

| style="text-align: left" |{{POL}}|| 2024Q3 || -285,180 || 2024 || 862,908 || 2024Q3 ||-30.9

|-

| style="text-align: left" |{{PRT}}|| 2024Q3 || -197,311 || 2024 || 303,032 || 2024Q3 ||-62.8

|-

| style="text-align: left" |{{ROU}}|| 2024Q3 || -138,238 || 2024 || 380,561 || 2024Q4 ||-40.4

|-

| style="text-align: left" |{{RUS}}|| 2021Q4 || +486,585 || 2021 || 1,710,734 || 2021 ||+{{nts|+26.8}}

|-

| style="text-align: left" |{{KSA}}|| 2024Q3 || +744,164 || 2024 || 1,100,706 || 2021 ||+{{nts|+73.0}}

|-

| style="text-align: left" |{{SRB}}|| 2024Q3 || -55,342 || 2024 || 82,550 || 2019 ||-88.5

|-

| style="text-align: left"| {{SGP}}|| 2024Q3 || +873,348 || 2024 || 530,708 || 2021 ||+{{nts|+276.1}}

|-

| style="text-align: left" |{{SVK}}|| 2024Q3 || -73,393 || 2024 || 142,617 || 2024Q3 ||-51.0

|-

| style="text-align: left" |{{SVN}}|| 2024Q3 || +4,660 || 2024 || 73,198 || 2024Q3 ||+6.3

|-

| style="text-align: left" |{{ZAF}}|| 2024Q3 || +111,916 || 2024 || 403,045 || 2021 ||+{{nts|+29.5}}

|-

| style="text-align: left" |{{KOR}}|| 2024Q3 || +977,824 || 2024 || 1,869,916 || 2021 ||+{{nts|+26.4}}

|-

| style="text-align: left" |{{ESP}}|| 2024Q3 || -859,317 || 2024 || 1,731,469 || 2024Q3 ||-49.0

|-

| style="text-align: left" |{{SUD}}|| 2018 || -85,180 || 2021 || 29,793 || 2018 ||-248.5

|-

| style="text-align: left" |{{SWE}}|| 2024Q3 || +331,662 || 2024 || 609,039 || 2024Q3 ||+52.5

|-

| style="text-align: left" |{{CHE}}|| 2024Q3 || +1,082,270 || 2024 || 942,265 || 2021 ||+{{nts|+98.0}}

|-

| style="text-align: left"| {{TWN}}|| 2020 || +1,371,420 || 2021[https://www.cbc.gov.tw/en/cp-448-134936-c1567-2.html Central Bank of the Republic of China (Taiwan)] June 15, 2021|| 759,104 || 2020 || +{{nts|+205.1}}

|-

| style="text-align: left" |{{THA}}|| 2024Q3 || +37,455 || 2024 || 528,919 || 2019 ||+{{nts|+11.0}}

|-

| style="text-align: left" |{{TUN}}|| 2019 || -63,678 || 2021 || 44,265 || 2019 ||-162.6

|-

| style="text-align: left" |{{TUR}}|| 2024Q3 || -318,218 || 2024 || 1,344,318 || 2021 ||-35.3

|-

| style="text-align: left" |{{UGA}}|| 2023Q4 || -28,879 || 2024 || 55,587 || 2019 ||-60.8

|-

| style="text-align: left" |{{UKR}}|| 2024Q3 || -15,181 || 2024 || 184,099 || 2021 ||-13.1

|-

| style="text-align: left" |{{GBR}}|| 2024Q3 || -1,121,667 || 2024 || 3,587,585 || 2021 ||-25.7

|-

| style="text-align: left" |{{USA}}|| 2024Q4 || -26,230,000 || 2024 || 29,017,000 || 2024Q4{{cite web|title=

U.S. International Investment Position, 4th Quarter and Year 2024|url=https://www.bea.gov/news/2025/us-international-investment-position-4th-quarter-and-year-2024|work=BEA News|access-date=27 March 2025|publisher=Bureau of Economic Analysis|date=26 March 2025}}||-90.4

|-

| style="text-align: left" |{{UZB}}|| 2024Q3 || +16,326 || 2024 || 112,653 || 2021 ||+{{nts|+30.2}}

|-

| style="text-align: left" |{{ZAM}}|| 2023Q4 || -28,516 || 2024 || 25,913 || 2019 ||-116.5

|-

|}

See also

References

{{Reflist|2}}

External links

  • Bureau of Economic Analysis [https://www.bea.gov/scb/pdf/2008/07%20July/0708_iip.pdf Elena L. Nguyen: The International Investment Position of the United States at Yearend 2007. U.S.]
  • Bank of Japan [http://www.boj.or.jp/en/research/brp/ron_2010/data/ron1009a.pdf Japan’s International Investment Position at Year-End 2009] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121118235939/http://www.boj.or.jp/en/research/brp/ron_2010/data/ron1009a.pdf |date=2012-11-18 }} (Retrieved on June 30, 2011)
  • Deutsche Bundesbank (German Central Bank) [https://www.bundesbank.de/en/statistics/external-sector/international-investment-position-and-external-debt International Investment Position - External Debt Statistics]
  • [http://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/publications/european_economy/2010/pdf/ee-2010-2_en.pdf European Economic Forecast Spring 2010 European Commission working draft] Graph 1.3.2., International investment position since 1980 in major economic units.

= Statistics =

  • International Monetary Fund (IMF) [http://dsbb.imf.org/Pages/SDDS/InterInvPos.aspx International Investment Position (IIP) Data]
  • International Monetary Fund (IMF) [http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2011/01/weodata/index.aspx World Economic Outlook Database, April 2011]
  • UK National Statistics [http://www.statistics.gov.uk/pdfdir/bop1209.pdf Great Britain: International Investment Position, Table K]
  • Saint-Petersburg (Russia) statistic [http://st-petersburg.ru/en/Pages/Home.aspx: Economic statistics of St. Petersburg]

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Category:International macroeconomics

Category:International factor movements

Category:National accounts