Login
Login

new Classical architecture

{{Short description|Postmodern classical architectural movement}}

{{About|the contemporary movement|the historical style|Neoclassical architecture}}

File:05 Ciudad Cayala Front View.jpg, by Léon Krier (2011)]]

New Classical architecture, also known as New Classicism or Contemporary Classical architecture,{{Cite book |title=Putting tradition into practice: heritage, place and design: proceedings of 5th INTBAU International Annual Event |date=2018 |editor=Giuseppe Amoruso |isbn=978-3-319-57937-5 |location=Cham |publisher=Springer |oclc=1000578629}} is a contemporary movement that builds upon the principles of Classical architecture. It is sometimes considered the modern continuation of Neoclassical architecture,{{Cite web|last=Machalinski|first=Anne|title=Classical Contemporary Meets the Future|url=https://www.mansionglobal.com/articles/classical-contemporary-meets-the-future-212890|access-date=2021-01-12|website=www.mansionglobal.com|date=16 March 2020 |language=en-US}}{{Cite book|author=Curl, James Stevens |title=A dictionary of architecture and landscape architecture|date=2006|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-280630-7|edition=2nd|location=Oxford [England]|oclc=64585874}}{{Cite book|last1=Curl|first1=James Stevens|author-link1=James Stevens Curl|chapter=New Classicism|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4Lu6BwAAQBAJ|title=The Oxford Dictionary of Architecture|last2=Wilson|first2=Susan|date=2015|pages=520–522|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-967498-5|language=en}} even though other styles might be cited as well, such as Gothic, Baroque, Renaissance or even non-Western styles{{Cite web|date=2015-04-19|title=6 Classical Buildings That Are Younger Than You Think|url=https://www.archdaily.com/621256/6-classical-buildings-that-are-younger-than-you-think|access-date=2021-02-18|website=ArchDaily|language=en-US}} – often referenced and recreated from a postmodern perspective rather than as strict revivals.{{Cite book|last=Jencks|first=Charles|author-link=Charles Jencks|title=Post Modernism: The New Classicism in Art and Architecture|date=1987|pages=7–8|url=https://archive.org/details/postmodernismnew0000jenc/|location=New York|publisher=Rizzoli|isbn=0-85670-867-4|language=en}}

The design and construction of buildings in evolving classical styles continued throughout the 20th and 21st centuries, even as modernist and other non-classical theories broke with the classical language of architecture. The New Classical movement is also tied to a resurgence in new traditional architecture, which emphasizes craftsmanship rooted in local building traditions and materials.{{Cite web |url=https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/new-classical-architecture |title=Inside Architecture's New Classicism Boom |last=Quigley |first=Kathleen |website=Architectural Digest |date=7 August 2018 |language=en |access-date=2019-02-16}}

Development

File:Schermerhorn.jpg in Nashville – opened in 2006]]

During the 1950s and 1960s, a small group of architects in Europe continued designing classical buildings contrary to the prevailing fashion for Modernist architecture. British architects Donald McMorran, who designed several noteworthy neoclassical buildings such as the Cripps Hall at the University of Nottingham and described the Modernist movement as "a dictatorship of taste",{{cite web |title=Central Criminal Court Extension, London – The Twentieth Century Society |url=https://c20society.org.uk/building-of-the-month/central-criminal-court-extension-london |access-date=9 December 2021 |website=c20society.org.uk}}{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jIWr0IO9dYIC&dq=Donald+McMorran+architect&pg=PA466 |title=Oxford Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture |date=2006 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-860678-9 |editor1-last=Curl |editor1-first=James Stevens |pages=466–7 |language=en |access-date=3 December 2021}} and Raymond Erith, who mentored New Classical architect Quinlan Terry – Erith's pupil, employee, partner, and ultimately successor – were notable for their neoclassical works, including numerous civic buildings and housing estates. In mainland Europe, François Spoerry contributed to the European Urban Renaissance with his classical designs and by the late 1970s, architects like Leon Krier and {{ill|Maurice Culot|fr}} began challenging modernist planning through publications and counter-projects,Leon Krier and Maurice Culot, "Counterprojets: Prefaces," (Brussels: Archives d'Architecture Moderne, 1980). a movement further bolstered by the support of King Charles III (then Prince of Wales) and initiatives such as The Prince's Foundation for Building Community.Charles, Prince of Wales, "A Vision of Britain: A Personal View of Architecture," (New York: Doubleday, 1989).

File:Darden School main UVa.jpg at the University of Virginia, 1992 by Robert A.M. Stern Architects]]

During the same period, postmodern architecture emerged as a critique to modernist architectural aesthetics.{{cite book |last=McAlester |first=Virginia Savage |title=A Field Guide to American Houses |publisher=Alfred A. Knopf |year=2013 |isbn=978-1-4000-4359-0 |pages=664–665, 668–669}} Influential architects inside this movement, such as Charles Moore, Robert Venturi,Robert Venturi, "Complexity and Contradiction in Architecture," (New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1966). and Michael Graves used classical elements as ironic motifs to criticize modernism's sterility. A broad spectrum of more than two dozen architects, theorists, and historians also presented alternatives to modernismAndreas Papadakis and Harriet Watson, eds., "New Classicism: Omnibus Volume," (London: Academy Editions, 1990). and among them were several serious New Classical architects who viewed classicism as a legitimate mode of architectural expression, some of whom would later become Driehaus Prize Laureates, including figures like Thomas Beeby and Robert A.M. Stern, who practiced both postmodern and classical styles. Some postmodernist firms, such as Stern and Albert, Righter, & Tittman, outright transitioned from postmodern design to new interpretations of traditional architecture.

On the education front, Thomas Gordon Smith, a Rome Prize laureate from the American Academy in Rome, published Classical Architecture: Rule and Invention in 1988 and was appointed to chair the University of Notre Dame's Department of Architecture a year later, structuring the curriculum around classical and traditional building practices.{{cite web |title=Many Canons, Many Conversions - |url=http://blogs.nd.edu/classicalarch/2012/09/28/many-canons-many-conversions/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029184453/http://blogs.nd.edu/classicalarch/2012/09/28/many-canons-many-conversions/ |archive-date=29 October 2013 |access-date=3 May 2018 |website=blogs.nd.edu}}{{Cite web |last=Gunts |first=Edward |date=2021-07-01 |title=Notre Dame’s Thomas Gordon Smith, who led a revival in classical architecture, dies at 73 |url=https://www.archpaper.com/2021/07/thomas-gordon-smith-dies-at-73/ |access-date=2024-12-26 |website=The Architect’s Newspaper |language=en-US}} Today, programs that teach New Classical Architecture are offered at the University of Miami, Judson University, Andrews University and the [http://cap.ucdenver.edu/carta Center for Advanced Research in Traditional Architecture] in Traditional Architecture at the University of Colorado Denver.{{cite web |title=College of Architecture and Planning at CU Denver |url=http://www.ucdenver.edu/academics/colleges/ArchitecturePlanning/Documents/Christine%20Franck%20appointment.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029191200/http://www.ucdenver.edu/academics/colleges/ArchitecturePlanning/Documents/Christine%20Franck%20appointment.pdf |archive-date=2013-10-29 |access-date=2013-10-26}}

The New Classical movement continues to develop at the professional and popular level, gaining momentum after the 1963 demolition of McKim, Mead & White's Pennsylvania Railroad Station in New York City, which led to the formation of Classical America. Led by Henry Hope Reed, Jr.,{{cite web |title=How Henry Hope Reed Saved Architecture |url=http://www.nysun.com/on-the-town/how-henry-hope-reed-saved-architecture/17877/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020164252/http://www.nysun.com/on-the-town/how-henry-hope-reed-saved-architecture/17877 |archive-date=20 October 2017 |access-date=3 May 2018 |website=The New York Sun}} which advocated for the appreciation of classical architecture by teaching architects the classical orders and hosting various events and conferences.{{cite web |title=Books - Institute of Classical Architecture & Art |url=http://www.classicist.org/publications-and-bookshop/classical-america-series-in-art-and-architecture/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170620084212/http://www.classicist.org/publications-and-bookshop/classical-america-series-in-art-and-architecture/ |archive-date=20 June 2017 |access-date=3 May 2018 |website=www.classicist.org}} In 2002, the Institute of Classical Architecture merged with Classical America to form the Institute of Classical Architecture & Art (ICAA), which supports regional chapters in the United States that host awards programs,{{cite web |title=Articles - Institute of Classical Architecture & Art |url=http://blog.classicist.org/?cat=49 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101114024717/http://blog.classicist.org/?cat=49 |archive-date=14 November 2010 |access-date=3 May 2018 |website=blog.classicist.org}} publishes the peer-reviewed journal The Classicist,{{cite web |title=Books - Institute of Classical Architecture & Art |url=http://www.classicist.org/publications-and-bookshop/the-classicist/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010011101/http://www.classicist.org/publications-and-bookshop/the-classicist/ |archive-date=10 October 2017 |access-date=3 May 2018 |website=www.classicist.org}} and offers educational programs for professionals and the public.{{cite web |title=Calendar |url=http://www.classicist.org/programs/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013011308/http://www.classicist.org/programs/ |archive-date=13 October 2017 |access-date=3 May 2018 |website=www.classicist.org}} The international expansion of the movement was catalyzed by the creation of the International Network for Traditional Building, Architecture & Urbanism (INTBAU) in 2001,{{Cite news |author=Guardian Staff |date=2002-02-11 |title=Hooked on classics: in praise of traditional architecture |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2002/feb/11/artsfeatures |access-date=2020-02-27 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}} a global organization under the patronage of King Charles III,{{Cite web |last=Alexander |first=Michael |date=October 16, 2018 |title=United Kingdom: New crown coin celebrates the 70th birthday of HRH Charles, Prince of Wales |url=https://news.coinupdate.com/united-kingdom-new-crown-coin-celebrates-the-70th-birthday-of-hrh-charles-prince-of-wales/ |website=Coin Update}} focused on supporting traditional architecture and preserving local character.{{Cite web |title=About Us {{!}} INTBAU |url=https://www.intbau.org/info/about-us/ |access-date=2020-02-27 |language=en-US}}

In 2003, philanthropist Richard H. Driehaus established the Driehaus Architecture Prize, awarded by the University of Notre Dame School of Architecture, to honor architects whose work embodies classical and traditional principles in architecture and urbanism, seen as the alternative to the modernist Pritzker Prize, but with double the cash prize.{{Cite web |title=Thai Architect Wins Driehaus Prize - |url=https://www.world-architects.com/en/architecture-news/headlines/thai-architect-wins-driehaus-prize |access-date=2024-12-26 |website=World-Architects |language=en}} It is awarded alongside the Reed Award which recognizes individuals outside architecture who support traditional city design through writing, planning, or promotion.{{cite web |title=Driehaus Prize Nomination Process |url=http://architecture.nd.edu/about/driehaus-prize/nomination-process/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130329102201/http://architecture.nd.edu/about/driehaus-prize/nomination-process/ |archive-date=29 March 2013 |access-date=11 February 2013 |publisher=University of Notre Dame School of Architecture}} Other notable classical architecture awards include the American Palladio Award,{{cite web |title=Palladio Awards |url=http://www.palladioawards.com/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140406230208/http://palladioawards.com/ |archive-date=6 April 2014 |access-date=10 April 2014 |publisher=Active Interest Media}} the European {{ill|Philippe Rotthier Prize|fr|Prix européen d'architecture Philippe-Rotthier}},{{Cite web |title=Home |url=http://www.rotthierprize.be/index.php/en/ |access-date=2022-01-05 |website=www.rotthierprize.be}} the Iberian Rafael Manzano Prize,{{Cite web |date=28 February 2018 |title=Premio Rafael Manzano de Nueva Arquitectura Tradicional |url=https://www.premiorafaelmanzano.com/en/ |access-date=2020-02-11 |language=en-US}} the Edmund N. Bacon Prize,{{cite web |title=Edmund N. Bacon Prize |url=http://philadelphiacfa.org/lecture-bacon.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413172007/http://philadelphiacfa.org/lecture-bacon.php |archive-date=13 April 2014 |access-date=10 April 2014 |publisher=Philadelphia Center for Architecture}} and the Rieger Graham Prize{{cite web |title=The Rieger Graham Prize |url=http://www.classicist.org/awards-and-prizes/rieger-graham-prize/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413141627/http://www.classicist.org/awards-and-prizes/rieger-graham-prize/ |archive-date=13 April 2014 |access-date=10 April 2014 |publisher=Institute of Classical Architecture & Art in New York}} of the Institute of Classical Architecture and Art (ICAA) for architecture graduates.

Since 2014, the "Arkitekturupprororet" (Architectural Uprising) movement in Sweden has advocated for traditional designs in new developments.{{Cite news |date=2023-08-01 |title=A Nordic Revolt Against 'Ugly' Modern Architecture |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2023-08-01/a-scandinavian-uprising-against-modern-architecture |access-date=2023-12-25 |work=Bloomberg.com |language=en}} Originally a Facebook group, it has expanded to other Nordic countries and the rest of the world,{{Cite web |title=About (English) – Arkitekturupproret |url=https://www.arkitekturupproret.se/om-au/about-english/ |access-date=2023-12-25 |language=sv-SE}} achieving moderate success in promoting traditional architecture. The movement's main goal is to "make architecture available to everyone" through social media and annual awards recognizing the best and worst new buildings in Sweden.

In 2021, efforts to reintroduce New Classical architecture into urban planning were furthered in the U.S. by architect Nir Buras,{{Cite news |last=Flanagan |first=Neil |date=October 14, 2009 |title=McMillan Two envisions a classical Anacostia |url=https://ggwash.org/view/3158/mcmillan-two-envisions-a-classical-anacostia |access-date=2024-01-09 |work=Greater Greater Washington |language=en}} who founded the Classic Planning Institute (CPI). Based in Washington, D.C., the CPI focuses on research, practice, and education to incorporate New Classical principles into contemporary urban planning. The CPI also hosts the Traditional Architecture Gathering (TAG),{{Cite web |last=Brussat |first=David |date=2021-03-02 |title=TAG 4: Classical gears up |url=https://architecturehereandthere.com/2021/03/02/tag-4-classical-gears-up/ |access-date=2024-01-09 |website=Architecture Here and There |language=en}} an international conference that attracts hundred of architects and enthusiasts to discuss New Classical Architecture worldwide.

Philosophy

File:Selwyn3.jpg (designed by Porphyrios Associates)]]

{{See also|Sustainable architecture}}

New Classical professionals tend to work under the assumption that there is no such thing as purely original creation, and that innovation unavoidably occurs in an environment laden with suggestions, influences, a precedent of problems solved and, perhaps more importantly, mistakes to be avoided.{{Cite book |last=Callender |first=Jassen |date=2017-07-28 |title=Architecture History and Theory in Reverse |doi=10.4324/9781315661315|isbn=978-1-315-66131-5 }}

Many New Classical architects believe in the importance of sustainability, and aim to create long-lasting, well-crafted buildings of great quality, adapted to the context and with an efficient use of natural resources.{{Cite book|last1=Sagharchi|first1=Alireza|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-9ZIAQAAIAAJ&q=classicism|title=New Palladians: Modernity and Sustainability for 21st Century Architecture|last2=Steil|first2=Lucien|date=2010|publisher=Artmedia|isbn=978-1-902889-12-2|language=en}}

Educational institutions

While most universities worldwide teach modernist design principles, some institutions teach (solely, mainly, or partly) the principles of traditional and classical architecture and urban planning. Some of these are:[http://www.intbau.org/archive/academic.htm INTBAU] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150728131429/http://www.intbau.org/archive/academic.htm |date=2015-07-28 }} - A guide to academic institutions/universities teaching New Urbanism and traditional/classical design. Retrieved 10 March 2015.

;Brazil

  • {{ill|Centro Universitário Euroamericano|pt}} (UNIEURO), in Brasília.{{Cite web|title=Institutions {{!}} INTBAU|url=https://www.intbau.org/resources/institutions/|access-date=2020-10-08|language=en-US}}

;India

  • Tirumala S.V. Institute of Traditional Sculpture and Architecture (SVITSA), in Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh.[http://www.tirumala.org Tirumala S.V. Institute of Traditional Sculpture and Architecture (SVITSA) in Tirupati] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160202094950/http://www.tirumala.org// |date=2016-02-02 }}, India

;Italy

  • Polytechnic University of Bari, in Bari.{{Cite web|url=https://www.intbau.org/resources/institutions/|title=Institutions {{!}} INTBAU|language=en-US|access-date=2020-02-18}}

;New Zealand

;United Kingdom

  • National Design Academy, in Nottingham (heritage interior design).[http://www.nda.ac.uk/courses/Foundation-Degree-in-Heritage-Interior-Design.aspx National Design Academy Nottingham] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150315035327/http://www.nda.ac.uk/courses/Foundation-Degree-in-Heritage-Interior-Design.aspx |date=2015-03-15 }}, degree course for heritage interior design.
  • The Prince's Foundation for Building Community, in London.
  • The Prince's School of Traditional Arts, in London.
  • Unit 6 of the Kingston School of Art's Master of Architecture program,{{cite web|url=http://fada.kingston.ac.uk/al/march-architecture-unit-6-201516/|title=MArch Architecture – Unit 6 – 2015/16|quote=We will engage with the fundamental architectural considerations of scale and language, and the application of the order of classicism at the scale of the town, building, room and fitting.|access-date=13 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170213165817/http://fada.kingston.ac.uk/al/march-architecture-unit-6-201516/|archive-date=13 February 2017}} the only postgraduate unit in the United Kingdom to teach classical design. Previously, this was taught in the undergraduate program.
  • University of Portsmouth, in Portsmouth, School of Architecture.[http://www.port.ac.uk/media/contacts-and-departments/arch/project-office/ARCH---Project-Office---CPD---Design-Classical.pdf Portsmouth School of Architecture: Design Classical] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402182836/http://www.port.ac.uk/media/contacts-and-departments/arch/project-office/ARCH---Project-Office---CPD---Design-Classical.pdf |date=2015-04-02 }}. The school presents its award-winning course in the elements of classical design and how to design in the classical idiom, for CPD credits., PDF, retrieved 10 March 2015
  • PRASADA – Practice, Research, and Advancement in South Asian Design and Architecture at Welsh School of Architecture, Cardiff University, in Cardiff, Wales.

;United States

Examples

File:Brentwood Cathedral2.jpg|Brentwood Cathedral, Brentwood, England, 1991, by Quinlan Terry

File:Downing College in bright daylight.jpg|Maitland Robinson Library, Cambridge, England, 1992, by Quinlan Terry

File:Queen Mother SQUARE, Poundbury, Dorset.jpg|Poundbury, England, 1993, by Léon Krier

File:Edgewater Guesthouse by Micheal Middleton Dwyer.jpg|Garden Pavilion at Edgewater, 1997, by Michael Dwyer

File:Basshall.JPG|Nancy Lee and Perry R. Bass Performance Hall, Fort Worth, Texas, USA, 1998, by David M. Schwarz

File:Entrance of Queen's Gallery, Buckingham Palace (cropped).jpg|Queen's Gallery (currently known as the King's Gallery), London, England, 2002, by John Simpson

File:Cité judiciaire, Luxembourg - Plateau St. Esprit.jpg|Judiciary City, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg, 2008, by Rob Krier

File:2013-05-12 London RAF Bomber Command Memorial.jpg|Royal Air Force Bomber Command Memorial, London, England, 2012, by Liam O'Connor

File:Christ Chapel, Hillsdale College 10.jpg|Christ Chapel, Hillsdale, Michigan, 2019, by Duncan G. Stroik

File:Thomas Aquinas Chapel Facade 2.jpg|Chapel at Thomas Aquinas College by Duncan Stroik (completed in 2009)

See also

{{portal|Architecture}}

References

{{Reflist}}

Bibliography

  • {{cite book|last=Alexander|first=Christopher|title=The Timeless Way of Building|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H6CE9hlbO8sC|year=1979|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-502402-9}}
  • {{cite book|author=Charles, Prince of Wales|title=A Vision of Britain: A Personal View of Architecture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_FFIAQAAIAAJ|year=1989|publisher=Doubleday|isbn=978-0-385-26903-2}}
  • {{cite book|last=Coles|first=William A.|title=Architecture in America: A Battle of Styles|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vc4ZKS5uLNYC|year=1961|publisher=Ardent Media}}
  • {{cite book|last=Curl|first=James Stevens|title=Classical Architecture: An Introduction to Its Vocabulary and Essentials, with a Select Glossary of Terms|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ub5D8cyl2AAC|year=2003|publisher=Norton|isbn=978-0-393-73119-4}}
  • {{cite book|last=Dodd|first=Phillip James|title=The Art of Classical Details: Theory, Design and Craftsmanship|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tzlv-bsMT3kC|year=2013|publisher=Images Publishing|isbn=978-1-86470-203-3}}
  • {{cite book|last=Dowling|first=Elizabeth Meredith|title=New Classicism: The Rebirth of Traditional Architecture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tsdPAAAAMAAJ|year=2004|publisher=Random House Incorporated|isbn=978-0-8478-2660-5}}
  • {{cite book|last=Gabriel|first=J. François|title=Classical Architecture for the Twenty-first Century: An Introduction to Design|url=https://archive.org/details/classicalarchite0000gabr|url-access=registration|year=2004|publisher=W.W. Norton & Company|isbn=978-0-393-73076-0}}
  • {{cite book|last=Gromort|first=Georges|title=The Elements of Classical Architecture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4qp61EfFbzEC|year=2001|publisher=W.W. Norton|isbn=978-0-393-73051-7}}
  • {{cite book|last=Krier|first=Léon|title=Albert Speer: architecture, 1932-1942|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mE03AQAAIAAJ|year=1985|publisher=Archives d'architecture moderne|isbn=978-2-87143-006-3 }}
  • {{cite book|last=Matrana|first=Marc R.|title=Lost Plantations of the South|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D1YfPjRCucQC|year=2009|publisher=Univ. Press of Mississippi|isbn=978-1-60473-469-0}}
  • {{cite book|last=Reed|first=Henry Hope|title=The Golden City|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3kfFslzS50YC|date=1971|publisher=W.W. Norton|isbn=978-0-393-00547-9}}
  • {{cite book|last=Scully|first=Vincent Joseph|title=The shingle style today: or, The historian's revenge|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=41xUAAAAMAAJ|year=1974|publisher=G. Braziller|isbn=978-0-8076-0759-6}}
  • {{cite book|last=Stroik|first=Duncan|title=The Church Building as a Sacred Place: Beauty, Transcendence, and the Eternal|year=2012|publisher=Liturgy Training Publications|isbn=978-1-59525-037-7}}
  • {{cite book|last=Summerson|first=John|title=The Classical Language of Architecture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=57aoJE26kQkC|year=1963|publisher=MIT Press|isbn=978-0-262-69012-6}}
  • {{cite book|last=Watkin|first=David|title=Morality and Architecture|url=https://archive.org/details/moralityarchitec0000watk|url-access=registration|year=1977|publisher=Clarendon Press|isbn=978-0-19-817350-2}}

External links

{{Commons category}}

  • {{Commons category-inline|New Classical architecture}}
  • [http://www.doric-column.com/glossary_classical_architecture.html Illustrated Glossary of Classical Architecture]
  • [http://www.classicist.org Institute of Classical Architecture and Art]
  • [https://www.traditionalarchitecture.co.uk/ Traditional Architecture Group]
  • [http://www.intbau.org/resources/institutions/ INTBAU – Universities / institutions offering traditional architecture courses by country]
  • [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCco_r00ZJQ_46P5GPYguIvA/videos OpenSource Classicism] – project for free educational content about (new) classical architecture
  • [https://www.spectator.co.uk/2017/10/the-architectural-trads-are-back-we-should-celebrate/ The architectural traditions are back – we should celebrate], The Spectator, Hugh Pearman, 28 October 2017

;Examples

  • [https://www.flickr.com/groups/neohistorism/ Neohistorism Photo Group - New Classic Architecture]

{{Archhistory}}

{{Revivals}}

{{Architecture in the United States}}

*

Category:Revival architectural styles

Category:20th-century architectural styles

Category:21st-century architectural styles