nuda scriptura
{{Short description|Christian doctrine}}
{{Italic title}}
Nuda scriptura, meaning "bare scripture"{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_yk_DwAAQBAJ&dq=Nuda+scriptura&pg=PA51 |title=Sola Scriptura: Biblical and Theological Perspectives on Scripture, Authority, and Hermeneutics |date=2017-11-06 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-35643-6 |language=en}}{{Cite book |last=Spencer |first=Andrew J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GMXLDwAAQBAJ&dq=nuda+scriptura&pg=PA82 |title=The Christian Mind of C. S. Lewis: Essays in Honor of Michael Travers |date=2019-12-05 |publisher=Wipf and Stock Publishers |isbn=978-1-5326-6164-8 |language=en}} is a term used by evangelicals to describe the view that scripture is the only rule of faith to the exclusion of all other sources, while in contrast, sola scriptura teaches that the scripture alone is infallible, without excluding church tradition and other sources entirely, but viewing them as subordinate and ministerial.{{Cite book |last=Carson |first=D. A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CEn7DwAAQBAJ&dq=nuda+scriptura&pg=PA199 |title=Themelios, Volume 36, Issue 2 |date=2015-01-27 |publisher=Wipf and Stock Publishers |isbn=978-1-7252-3466-6 |language=en}}{{Cite book |last1=Dockery |first1=David S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xKZaDwAAQBAJ&dq=nuda+scriptura&pg=PT136 |title=Worship, Tradition, and Engagement: Essays in Honor of Timothy George |last2=Massey |first2=James Earl |last3=Smith |first3=Robert Jr. |date=2018-04-20 |publisher=Wipf and Stock Publishers |isbn=978-1-4982-9850-6 |language=en}}{{Cite book |last=Strange |first=Daniel |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vH7vDwAAQBAJ&dq=nuda+scriptura&pg=PT38 |title='For Their Rock is not as Our Rock': An Evangelical Theology Of Religions |date=2015-05-08 |publisher=Inter-Varsity Press |isbn=978-1-78359-374-3 |language=en}}{{Cite web |last=Barrett |first=Matthew |title='Sola Scriptura' Radicalized and Abandoned |url=https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/sola-scriptura-radicalized-and-abandoned/ |access-date=2022-06-25 |website=The Gospel Coalition |language=en-US}}{{Citation |last=Treier |first=Daniel J. |title=Scripture and hermeneutics |date=2007 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-companion-to-evangelical-theology/scripture-and-hermeneutics/8FCBCA529FE98EBF513400518980B834 |work=The Cambridge Companion to Evangelical Theology |pages=35–50 |editor-last=Treier |editor-first=Daniel J. |series=Cambridge Companions to Religion |place=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-84698-1 |access-date=2022-06-25 |editor2-last=Larsen |editor2-first=Timothy}}
History
A view similar to nuda scriptura was advocated by Sebastian Franck, even arguing that the early Church theologians were servants of the Antichrist.{{Cite book |last1=Duesing |first1=Jason G. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=53wWEAAAQBAJ&dq=nuda+scriptura+anabaptists&pg=PT110 |title=Historical Theology for the Church |last2=Finn |first2=Nathan A. |date=2021-02-15 |publisher=B&H Publishing Group |isbn=978-1-4336-4916-5 |language=en}} Nuda scriptura was taught by a few Anabaptists such as Conrad Grebel and some radical reformers, insisting that Christians should not look to tradition but to the Scripture alone.{{Cite book |last=Cone |first=Steven D. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NGFNDwAAQBAJ&dq=nuda+scriptura+anabaptists&pg=PA117 |title=Theology from the Great Tradition |date=2018-02-22 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-0-567-67002-1 |language=en}}{{Cite book |last=Barrett |first=Matthew |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ABDxCgAAQBAJ&dq=nuda+scriptura+radical+reformers&pg=PA55 |title=God's Word Alone---The Authority of Scripture: What the Reformers Taught...and Why It Still Matters |date=2016-09-20 |publisher=Zondervan Academic |isbn=978-0-310-51573-9 |language=en}}{{Cite book |last1=Holcomb |first1=Justin S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z-MlDwAAQBAJ&dq=nuda+scriptura+anabaptists&pg=PA178 |title=Christian Theologies of the Sacraments: A Comparative Introduction |last2=Johnson |first2=David A. |date=2017-07-25 |publisher=NYU Press |isbn=978-0-8147-7010-8 |language=en}} However, many radical reformers did not argue for nuda scriptura, including Balthasar Hubmaier, who often quoted the Church fathers in his writings.
Some Evangelicals and many Plymouth Bretheren also teach views comparable to nuda scriptura.{{Cite book |last=Castaldo |first=Christopher A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VKanKAnRSzgC&dq=Nuda+scriptura&pg=PT64 |title=Holy Ground: Walking with Jesus as a Former Catholic |date=2009-10-06 |publisher=Zondervan |isbn=978-0-310-56250-4 |language=en}}{{Cite book |last=Sawyer |first=M. James |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vkr7DwAAQBAJ&dq=Nuda+scriptura&pg=PA110 |title=The Survivor's Guide to Theology |date=2016-04-11 |publisher=Wipf and Stock Publishers |isbn=978-1-7252-3672-1 |language=en}} The view is especially common within modern fundamentalism.{{Cite book |last=Cone |first=Steven D. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UCxNDwAAQBAJ&dq=Solo+scriptura&pg=PT125 |title=Theology from the Great Tradition |date=2018-02-22 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-0-567-67001-4 |language=en}}
In the 12th century, Petrobrusians Peter of Bruys and Henry of Lausanne disputed the authority of the Church Fathers and the Roman Catholic Church.{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/oxforddictionary00late/page/1264 |title=The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, 3rd edition |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1997 |isbn=0-19-211655-X |editor1=F. L. Cross |location=USA |page=[https://archive.org/details/oxforddictionary00late/page/1264 1264] |editor2=E. A. Livingstone |url-access=registration}}{{Cite book |last=Langmuir |first=Gavin I. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z6IwDwAAQBAJ&dq=Henry+of+lausanne+church+fathers&pg=PA117 |title=Toward a Definition of Antisemitism |date=February 1996 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-06143-9 |language=en |quote=Henry rejected the authority of the church fathers}}
Restorationist minister Alexander Campbell (1788–1866) taught a view that has been compared to nuda scriptura.{{Cite web |last=Barrett |first=Matthew |title='Sola Scriptura' Radicalized and Abandoned |url=https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/sola-scriptura-radicalized-and-abandoned/ |access-date=2022-07-04 |website=The Gospel Coalition |language=en-US}} However, his call to relying on the Bible as the only authoritative source was motivated by a call to unity and disregard denominationalism. {{Harvnb | Foster | Dunnavant | Blowers | Williams | 2004 | pp = 252–54 | ps =, 'Creeds and Confessions'}}.