okolnichy
{{Short description|Former Russian court official position}}
Okolnichy ({{langx|ru|око́льничий}}, {{IPA|ru|ɐˈkolʲnʲɪtɕɪj|IPA}}) was an old Russian court official position. According to the Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary, directives on the position of okolnichy date back to the 14th century. Judging by the Muscovite records from the 16th and 17th centuries, okolnichy were entrusted with the same business in administration as boyars, with the only difference that they were placed second to boyars everywhere. While lower than boyars, it was one of the highest ranks (or positions) close to the tsar Encyclopaedic Dictionary, German Academy of Sciences at Berlin, publications of the Slavistics institute by H. H. Bielefeld, 7th unchanged edition 1970; page 507 — «ru: Oко́льничий = Okolnichy» — license number: 202 • 100/242/70. in the courts of the Moscow rulers until the government reform undertaken by Peter the Great.
The word is derived from the Russian word {{Lang|ru|окoлo}} ({{Lang|ru-latn|okolo}}) meaning 'close, near', in this case 'sitting close to the Tsar'. In the mid-16th century the role became second (subordinate) to boyars.Чины в Московском государстве // Энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона : в 86 т. (82 т. и 4 доп.). — СПб., 1890—1907
Description
The duties of the first known okolnichies included arranging the travel and quarters of grand princes and tsars, as well as accommodating foreign ambassadors and presenting them to the court.
Okolnichies had a seat in prikazes, were appointed as namestniks and voivodes, served as diplomatic envoys and members of the tsar's council (duma).
Initially the rank of okolnichy was the second highest after that of boyar, while often they performed similar duties. According to the system of mestnichestvo, a person could not be made a boyar unless someone else in his family had recently held the boyar/okolnichy rank. Consequently, a position of okolnichy was a step towards granting the boyar rank to a non-noble. Even Prince Dmitry Pozharsky, though a Rurikid knyaz by birth and the "Saviour of the Motherland" by royal mercy, could not secure a position higher than okolnichy, because neither his parents nor uncles had ever held a rank higher than stolnik.
Under the Romanovs, the 18 noblest families of Muscovy were given the privilege of starting their official career from the rank of okolnichy, skipping all the lower ranks, such as stolnik. At the same period, the positions of okolnichy were differentiated and some of them (quarters okolnichy or close okolnichy) were of higher rank than that of non-close boyars. The terms derive from a semi-formal ranking based on the proximity to the tsar at the tsar's table.
List of okolnichies
=Ivan III of Russia=
| class="wikitable"
|+ !Year !Name !Notes |
| 1462
| |
| 1476-1522
|Ivan Vorontsov-Veliaminov SchedraБерх В. Систематический список боярам, окольничим и думным дворянам от 1468 до разрушения этих органов. СПб. 1833 г. | |
| 1476
| |
| 1485
| |
| 1487-1503
| |
| 1489
| |
| 1489-1501
| |
| 1495-1505
| |
| 1495-1504
|Prince Ivan Zvenigorodskiy-Zvenets | |
| 1495
| |
| 1498-1524
|Ivan Vorontsov-Veliaminov Oblias | |
| 1500
| |
| 1500
| |
| 1501-1515
| |
| 1501
|Prince Vasiliy Romodanovskiy | |
| 1501
| |
| 1503
| |
=Vasiliy III of Russia=
| class="wikitable"
|+ !Year !Name !Notes |
| 1506-1515
| |
| 1506
|Prince Konstantin Ushaty | |
| 1510
|Prince Vasiliy Zvenigorodskiy Nozdrovaty | |
| 1510-1511
| |
| 1510-1516
| |
| 1510-1520
| |
| 1510-1522
| |
| 1510
| |
| 1510
| |
| 1510
|Ivan Dobrynskiy-Simskiy Khabar | |
| 1512-1515
|Killed |
| 1513-1535
| |
| 1514-1528
| |
| 1514-1538
| |
| 1514-1520
| |
| 1514
| |
| 1516
| |
| 1516
| |
| 1517
| |
| 1518
| |
| 1522
| |
| 1522
| |
| 1522
|Prince Ivan Telepnev-Obolenskiy, the Mute | |
| 1522
|Prince Ivan Ushaty-Liapun | |
| 1523-1529
| |
| 1523
|Prince Mikhail Kubenskiy | |
| 1524
|Prince Ivan Paletskiy | |
| 1525-1534
| |
| 1530
| |
| 1532
| |
| 1532
|Prince Vasiliy Ushaty-Chulok | |
=Ivan the Terrible=
| class="wikitable"
|+ !Year !Name !Notes |
| 1535
| |
| 1535
| |
| 1536-1561
| |
| 1538-1554
| |
| 1538-1543
| |
| 1539
| |
| 1539-1545
|Semen Bezzubtsov Yepanchin | |
| 1540
|Prince Ivan Riapolovskiy Strigin | |
| 1542
| |
| 1543-1547
| |
| 1544
| |
| 1547-1551
| |
| 1547
|Okolnichy and Dvoretsky (1547)Богуславский В., Бурминов В. В. Древняя Русь. Рюриковичи. Иллюстрированный исторический словарь. Второе издание. Профит Стайл. — М. 2009. стр. 205. {{ISBN|978-5-98857-134-6}} |
| 1548-1555
| |
| 1548-1556
| |
| 1548
| |
| 1548
| |
| 1548
| |
| 1549-1557
| |
| 1549-1571
| |
| 1549
| |
| 1549
| |
| 1550-1554
| |
| 1550
| |
| 1550
| |
| 1550
| |
| 1550
| |
| 1550
| |
| 1552-1567
| |
| 1552-1562
| |
| 1552
| |
| 1552
| |
| ? (died 1566)
|Executed |
| 1552
| |
| 1552
| |
| 1554
|Prince Ivan Khvorostinin | |
| 1554
| |
| 1555-1560
| |
| 1555-1561
| |
| 1555
| |
| 1555
| |
| 1556
| |
| 1556
| |
| 1557
| |
| 155?
| |
| 1557
| |
| 1558
| |
| 1558
| |
| 1559
|Executed |
| 1559
| |
| 1559
|Prince Vasiliy Sitskiy | |
| 1559
| |
| 1559
| |
| ? (died 1561)
|Prince Dmitriy Paletskiy | |
| 1563-1575
| |
| 1563
| |
| 1563-1567
| |
| 1565-1575
| |
| 1565-1571
| |
| 1565
| |
| 1565
| |
| 1567-1571
|Executed |
| 1567-1576
| |
| 1568-1571
| |
| 1569
|Prince Dmitriy Khvorostinin | |
| 1571
|Prince Ivan Khvorostinin | |
| 1572
| |
| 1572
| |
| 1572
|Prince Osip Scherbatov | |
| 1573
| |
| 1573
| |
| 1573-1578
|Executed |
| 1573-1605
| |
| 1573
|Prince Yuriy Tokmakov | |
| 1573
|Prince Boris Tulupov | |
| 1576-1605
| |
| 1576
| |
| 1577
|Prince Petr TatevВыписка из Разрядного и Челобитного приказов. 1577 г. Список бояр, окольничих и дворян, которые служат из выбора 85 г. | |
| 1577
|Prince Dmitriy Khvorostinin | |
| 1577
| |
| 1577
| |
| 1577
| |
| 1577-1580
|Prince Timofei Dolgorukov | |
| 1563-1571
| |
| 1563
| |
| 1568-1575
| |
| 1581
|Prince Ivan Velikogagin Menshoy | |
| 1581-1602
| |
| 1581
|Prince Fedor Troyekurov | |
| 15??
|Dolmat Dalmatov-KarpovЛ. М. Савёлов. Родословные записи Леонида Михайловича Савелова: опыт родословного словаря русского древнего дворянства. М. 1906—1909 г. Изд: Печатня С. П. Яковлева. Вып: № 3. Далматовы-Карповы. стр. 13. |At times of Ivan the Terrible |
=Feodor I of Russia, the Blessed=
| class="wikitable"
|+ !Year !Name !Notes |
| 1584-1586
|Prince Dmitriy Yeletskiy Boroda | |
| 1584
|Prince Fedor Khvorostinin | |
| 1584
| |
| 1584
| |
| 1584-1613
| |
| 1585
|Prince Ivan Kolychev-Kriuk | |
| 1585-1589
|Prince Boris Zasekin | |
| 1585-1604
| |
| 1587-1600
| |
| 1587
| |
| 1587
|Prince Petr Lobanov-Rostovskiy | |
| 1590
| |
| 1591
| |
| 1592-1607
| |
| 1593
|Prince Ivan Turenin | |
| 1596-1604
| |
=Boris Godunov=
| class="wikitable"
|+ !Year !Name !Notes |
| 1598-1610
| |
| 1598-1605
| |
| 1598-1639
| |
| 1598
| |
| 1598-1622
| |
| 1598
| |
| 1598
| |
| 1598
| |
| 1598-1603
| |
| 1601
| |
| 1601-1606
| |
| 1603
|Prince Ivan Khvorostinin | |
| 1603-1611
|Prince Aleksandr Zasekin-ZhyrovoyАвтор-сост. В. В. Богуславский. Славянская энциклопедия XVII век. (в 2-х томах). Том. I. Изд: ОЛМА-Пресс. Красный пролетарий. М. 2004 г. А. Ф. Жировой-Засекин. стр. 450. {{ISBN|5-224-02249-5}}. | |
| 1604
| |
| 1604-1610
| |
| 1604
|Prince Vasiliy Terenin | |
| 1604
| |
=False Dmitry I=
| class="wikitable"
|+ !Year !Name !Notes |
| 1605-1613
|Prince Grigoriy Dolgorukov |Killed |
| 1605
| |
| 1605
| |
| 1605
|Prince Dmitriy Turenin-Obolenskiy | |
=Vasili IV of Russia Shuiskiy=
| class="wikitable"
|+ !Year !Name !Notes |
| 1606-1612
| |
| 1606
|Prince Vladimir Klubkov-Mosalskiy | |
| 1606
| |
| 1606
|Prince Grigoriy Romodanovskiy | |
| 1607
| |
| 1607-1654
| |
| 1607
| |
| 1607-1634
| |
| 1610
|Prince Vasiliy Litvinov-Mosalskiy | |
=Michael of Russia=
| class="wikitable"
|+ !Year !Name !Notes |
| 1613
| |
| 1619-1620
| |
| 1620-1640
| |
| 1622-1628
|Prince Fedor Lykov | |
| 1623-1627
|Prince Daniil Dolgorukov | |
| 1623
| |
| 1626-1643
| |
| 1627-1634
|Prince {{ill|Grigory Konstantinovich Volkonsky|lt=Grigory Volkonsky|ru|Волконский, Григорий Константинович Кривой}}Алфавитный указатель фамилий и лиц, упоминаемых в Боярских книгах, хранящихся в I-ом отделении московского архива министерства юстиции, с обозначением служебной деятельности каждого лица и годов состояния, в занимаемых должностях. М., Типогр: С. Селивановского. 1853 г. Фамилии по алфавиту. | |
| 1627-1629
|Vasiliy Akhamashukov-Cherkasskiy | |
| 1627-1640
| |
| 1627-1640
| |
| 1627-1640
| |
| 1628-1629
|Prince Aleksei Lvov | |
| 1629 и 1636—1658
|Prince Andrei Litvinov-Mosalskiy | |
| 1629-1640
|Prince Semen Prozorovskiy | |
| 1629-1640
| |
| 1630
| |
| 1634
| |
| 1634-1635
| |
| 1634-1665
|Prince Fedor Volkonskiy | |
| 1635
| |
| 1636-1646
| |
| 1636-1640
| |
| 1636-1640
| |
| 1637
| |
| 1640
| |
| 1640
|Prince Dmitriy Lvov | |
| 1640
| |
| 1640-1658
| |
=Alexis of Russia=
| class="wikitable"
|+ !Year !Name !Notes |
| 1645
| |
| 1646
| |
| 1646
|Prince Vasiliy Romodanovskiy Menshoy | |
| 1646
| |
| 1646
| |
| 1646
| |
| 1647
|Prince Semen Pozharskiy | |
| 1647
|Prince Ivan Khilkov | |
| 1648
|Prince Ivan Romodanovskiy Menshoy | |
| 1649
|Prince Ivan Khilkov | |
| 1649
| |
| 1649-1651
| |
| 1650-1673
| |
| 1650-1655
| |
| 1650
| |
| 1650
| |
| (?) died 1650
|Prince Petr Volkonskiy | |
| 1651
| |
| 1651-1674
|Prince Dmitriy Dolgorukov | |
| 1652-1654
| |
| 1652-1659
|Prince Semen Lvov | |
| 1653
| |
| 1654
| |
| 1655
| |
| 1655
| |
| 1655
|Prince Timofei Scherbatov | |
| 1655-1667
| |
| 1655
|Fedor KriukovВ.И. Чернопятов. Род Крюковых. М. 1915 г. стр. 30.Дополнение к историческим актам. Т. 1. стр. 118. |received feoffment as yaselnichy |
| 1656
| |
| 1656
| |
| 1658-1664
| |
| 1658-1667
| |
| 1658
| |
| 1658-1661
| |
| 1658
| |
| 1658
|Prince Ivan Lobanov-Rostovskiy | |
| 1658
|Prince Vasiliy Lvov | |
| 1658
|Prince Semen Lvov | |
| 1658
|Prince Lobanov-Rostovskiy | |
| 1658
|Prince Semen Pozharskiy | |
| 1658-1664
|Prince Fedor Dolgorukov | |
| 1658
|Prince Grigoriy Romodanovskiy | |
| 1658
|Prince Ivan Pozharskiy | |
| 1658
| |
| 1658
| |
| 1658
|Prince Fedor Khilkov | |
| 1658
| |
| 1658
| |
| 1658
| |
| 1658
| |
| 1658-1668
|Prince Nikita Lvov | |
| 1658-1668
|Prince Dmitriy Dolgorukov | |
| 1658-1668
|Prince Petr Dolgorukov | |
| 1658-1668
| |
| 1658-1668
| |
| 1658-1668
| |
| 1658-1673
| |
| 1658-1668
|Prince Ivan Pozharskiy | |
| 1658-1668
| |
| 1658-1668
| |
| 1658-1676
|Prince Ivan Bariatinskiy | |
| 1658-1676
| |
| 1658-1676
| |
| 1658-1676
| |
| 1658-1676
| |
| 1658-1676
| |
| 1658-1676
| |
| 1659
| |
| 1660
|Prince Osip Scherbatov | |
| 1665
| |
| 1665
| |
| (?) died 1667
| |
| 1668
|Prince Yuriy Bariatisnkiy | |
| 1668-1675
|Prince Vasiliy Volkonskiy-Verigin Liubka | |
| 1668-1676
|Prince Vladimir Dolgorukov | |
| 1668-1676
|Prince Grigoriy Kozlovskiy | |
| 1668-1676
| |
| 1668-1686
| |
| 1670-1676
|Boyar (1682—1692). |
| 1671-1675
|Prince Vasiliy Volkonskiy-Verigin Liubka | |
| 1672
| |
| 1672
| |
| 1675
| |
=Feodor III of Russia=
| class="wikitable"
|+ !Year !Name !Notes |
| 1676-1677
| |
| 1676
| |
| 1676
|Prince Aleksandr Lobanov-Rostovskiy | |
| 1676
| |
| 1676
| |
| 1676-1686
| |
| 1677
| |
| 1677
| |
| 1677
| |
| 1677
| |
| 1677
| |
| 1677
| |
| 1677
| |
| 1677
| |
| 1677
| |
| 1677
| |
| 1677
| |
| 1677
| |
| 1677
| |
| 1677
| |
| 1677
|Prince Ivan Troyekurov | |
| 1677-1686
| |
| 1677-1686
| |
| 1677-1692
|Prince Stepan Lvov | |
| 1678
| |
| 1678-1686
| |
| 1678-1692
| |
| 1679
| |
| 1679
| |
| 1679
| |
| 1679
| |
| 1679
| |
| 1679-1686
|Prince Daniil Bariatinskiy | |
| 1680
|Prince Daniil Bariatinskiy | |
| 1680
| |
| 1680
|Prince Boris Gorchakov | |
| 1680
| |
| 1681
| |
| 1681
|Prince Mikhail Lykov | |
=Ivan V of Russia and Peter the Great=
| class="wikitable"
|+ !Year !Name !Notes |
| 1682
| |
| 1682
| |
| 1682
| |
| 1682
| |
| 1682-1692
| |
| 1682
| |
| 1682
|Prince Fedul Volkonskiy | |
| 1682
|Prince Mikhail Volkonskiy | |
| 1682
|Prince Vladimir Volkonskiy | |
| 1682
|Prince Petr Lvov | |
| 1682
| |
| 1682-1692
| |
| 1682
| |
| 1682
| |
| 1682
|Prince Mikhail Zhirovoy-Zasekin | |
| 1682
| |
| 1682
| |
| 1682
| |
| 1682
| |
| 1682
| |
| 1682-1686
| |
| 1682-1686
| |
| 1682-1686
| |
| 1682-1686
| |
| 1682-1692
| |
| 1682-1692
| |
| 1682-1692
| |
| 1682-1692
| |
| 1682-1692
| |
| 1682-1692
| |
| 1683
| |
| 1683-1686
| |
| 1683-1686
| |
| 1683-1686
|Prince Matvei Obolenskiy | |
| 1683-1686
| |
| 1683-1692
| |
| 1683-1692
| |
| 1683-1692
| |
| 1683-1692
|Prince Ivan Khotetovskiy | |
| 1683-1692
|Prince Fedor Shakhovskoy | |
| 1683-1692
|Prince Dmitriy Scherbatov | |
| 1684-1713
| |
| 1684-1692
| |
| 1684-1727
|Governor of Astrakhan (1693), Admiral general (1706) |
| 1684-1686
| |
| 1684-1692
| |
| 1684-1692
|Prince Vasiliy Zasekin | |
| 1685
| |
| 1686
| |
| 1686
| |
| 1686 и 1692
| |
| 1687-1692
|Prince Mikhail Lvov | |
| 1688
| |
| 1688
| |
| 1688
| |
| 1688
| |
| 1688-1692
| |
| 1688-1692
| |
| 1688-1692
|Prince Petr Lvov | |
| 1688-1692
| |
| 1689
| |
| 1689
| |
| 1689
| |
| 1689
| |
| 1689
| |
| 1689
| |
| 1689
| |
| 1689
| |
| 1689-1692
| |
| 1689-1692
| |
| 1689-1692
| |
| 1689-1692
| |
| 1689-1692
| |
| 1690-1692
| |
| 1690-1692
| |
| 1690-1692
| |
| 1690-1692
| |
| 1690-1692
| |
| 1690-1692
| |
| 1690-1692
| |
| 1690-1692
| |
| 1690-1692
| |
| 1690-1692
| |
| 1690-1692
|Prince Perfiliy Shakhovskoy | |
| 1691
|Semen Koltovskiy | |
| 1691
| |
| 1691-1692
| |
| 1691-1692
|Prince Fedor Bariatinskiy | |
| 1691-1692
| |
| 1692
| |
| 1692
| |
| 1692
| |
| 1692
|Prince Vladimir Volkonskiy | |
| 1692
| |
| 1693
| |
| 1693
|Prince Mikhail Zhirovoy-Zasekin | |
| 1693
| |
| 1693-1696
| |
| 1711
|Promoted from stolniks to okolnichies (4 November 1711) during trip of the Tsar to Elbing. There were no more promotions to okolnichy.Миллер Ф. И. Известия о дворянах российских. — СПб. 1790 г. М., 2017 г., с. 81. {{ISBN|978-5-458-67636-6}} |