osteopoikilosis
{{short description|Formation of hard nodules within the interior of bones}}
{{Infobox medical condition (new)
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| image = Osteopoikilie Haende.jpg
| caption = Osteopoikilosis on an X-ray of the hands
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Osteopoikilosis is a benign, autosomal dominant, sclerosing (hardening) dysplasia of bone characterized by the presence of numerous bone islands in the skeleton.{{cite journal |vauthors=Bull M, Calderbank P, Ramachandran N |title=A cause for concern? Osteopoikilosis found incidentally in the emergency department: a case report |journal=Emerg Med J |volume=24 |issue=5 |pages=e29 |year=2007 |pmid=17452689 |doi=10.1136/emj.2006.045765 |url= |pmc=2658513}}
Presentation
The radiographic appearance of osteopoikilosis on an X-ray is characterized by a pattern of numerous white densities of similar size spread throughout all the bones. This is a systemic condition. It must be differentiated from blastic metastasis, which can also present radiographically as white densities interspersed throughout bone. Blastic metastasis tends to present with larger and more irregular densities in less of a uniform pattern. Another differentiating factor is age, with blastic metastasis mostly affecting older people, and osteopoikilosis being found in people 20 years of age and younger.
The distribution is variable, though it does not tend to affect the ribs, spine, or skull.{{cite book|last1=Balan|first1=Nisha Sharma, Anu|title=Get through FRCR part 2B : rapid reporting of plain radiographs|date=2008|publisher=Royal Society of Medicine|location=London|isbn=978-1853157547}}
Cause
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Epidemiology
Men and women are affected in equal number,{{cite journal |vauthors=Serdaroğlu M, Capkin E, Uçüncü F, Tosun M |title=Case report of a patient with osteopoikilosis |journal=Rheumatol. Int. |volume=27 |issue=7 |pages=683–6 |year=2007 |pmid=17106662 |doi=10.1007/s00296-006-0262-9|s2cid=20299738 }} reflecting the fact that osteopoikilosis attacks indiscriminately. Additionally, the disease is often associated with melorheostosis,{{cite journal |vauthors=Nevin NC, Thomas PS, Davis RI, Cowie GH |title=Melorheostosis in a family with autosomal dominant osteopoikilosis |journal=Am. J. Med. Genet. |volume=82 |issue=5 |pages=409–14 |year=1999 |pmid=10069713|doi=10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19990219)82:5<409::AID-AJMG10>3.0.CO;2-2}} despite the apparent lack of correlation between melorheostosis and genetic heritability.{{citation needed|date=December 2011}} It has been tied to LEMD3.{{cite journal |vauthors=Hellemans J, Preobrazhenska O, Willaert A, etal |title=Loss-of-function mutations in LEMD3 result in osteopoikilosis, Buschke–Ollendorff syndrome and melorheostosis |journal=Nat. Genet. |volume=36 |issue=11 |pages=1213–8 |year=2004 |pmid=15489854 |doi=10.1038/ng1453|doi-access=free }} Buschke–Ollendorff syndrome is a similar condition,{{WhoNamedIt|synd|1803}} which is also associated with LEMD3.{{cite journal |vauthors=Mumm S, Wenkert D, Zhang X, McAlister WH, Mier RJ, Whyte MP |title=Deactivating germline mutations in LEMD3 cause osteopoikilosis and Buschke–Ollendorff syndrome, but not sporadic melorheostosis |journal=J. Bone Miner. Res. |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=243–50 |year=2007 |pmid=17087626 |doi=10.1359/jbmr.061102|s2cid=28338454 }}
Image:Osteopoikilie Huefte CT.jpg|Osteopoikilosis of the hips on CT.
File:Osteopoikilosis.png|Osteopoikilosis
File:NormalBoneScan.png|Normal bone scan in a person with osteopoikilosis
See also
References
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External links
{{Medical resources
| DiseasesDB = 30071
| ICD10 = {{ICD10|Q|78|8|q|65}}
| ICD9 = {{ICD9|756.53}}
| ICDO =
| OMIM = 166700
| MedlinePlus =
| eMedicineSubj = derm
| eMedicineTopic = 733
| MeshID = D010023
}}
{{Osteochondrodysplasia}}
{{Cytoskeletal defects}}