overring
{{Short description|Mathematical Concept}}
{{About|the mathematical concept|the accent|ring (diacritic)}}
{{Ring theory sidebar}}
In mathematics, an overring of an integral domain contains the integral domain, and the integral domain's field of fractions contains the overring. Overrings provide an improved understanding of different types of rings and domains.
Definition
In this article, all rings are commutative rings, and ring and overring share the same identity element.
Let represent the field of fractions of an integral domain . Ring is an overring of integral domain if is a subring of and is a subring of the field of fractions ;{{sfn|Fontana|Papick|2002}}{{rp|167}} the relationship is .{{sfn|Papick|1978}}{{rp|373}}
Properties
=Ring of fractions=
The rings are the rings of fractions of rings by multiplicative set .{{sfn|Zariski|Samuel|1965}}{{rp|46}} Assume is an overring of and is a multiplicative set in . The ring is an overring of . The ring is the total ring of fractions of if every nonunit element of is a zero-divisor.{{sfn|Davis|1962}}{{rp|52–53}} Every overring of contained in is a ring , and is an overring of .{{sfn|Davis|1962}}{{rp|52–53}} Ring is integrally closed in if is integrally closed in .{{sfn|Davis|1962}}{{rp|52–53}}
=Noetherian domain=
==Definitions==
{{see also|Regular element (disambiguation)}}
A Noetherian ring satisfies the 3 equivalent finitenss conditions i) every ascending chain of ideals is finite, ii) every non-empty family of ideals has a maximal element and iii) every ideal has a finite basis.{{sfn|Zariski|Samuel|1965}}{{rp|199}}
An integral domain is a Dedekind domain if every ideal of the domain is a finite product of prime ideals.{{sfn|Zariski|Samuel|1965}}{{rp|270}}
A ring's restricted dimension is the maximum rank among the ranks of all prime ideals that contain a regular element.{{sfn|Davis|1962}}{{rp|52}}
A ring is locally nilpotentfree if every ring with maximal ideal is free of nilpotent elements or a ring with every nonunit a zero divisor.{{sfn|Davis|1962}}{{rp|52}}
An affine ring is the homomorphic image of a polynomial ring over a field.{{sfn|Davis|1962}}{{rp|58}}
==Properties==
Every overring of a Dedekind ring is a Dedekind ring.{{sfn|Cohen|1950}}{{sfn|Lane|Schilling|1939}}
Every overrring of a direct sum of rings whose non-unit elements are all zero-divisors is a Noetherian ring.{{sfn|Davis|1962}}{{rp|53}}
Every overring of a Krull 1-dimensional Noetherian domain is a Noetherian ring.{{sfn|Davis|1962}}{{rp|53}}
These statements are equivalent for Noetherian ring with integral closure .{{sfn|Davis|1962}}{{rp|57}}
- Every overring of is a Noetherian ring.
- For each maximal ideal of , every overring of is a Noetherian ring.
- Ring is locally nilpotentfree with restricted dimension 1 or less.
- Ring is Noetherian, and ring has restricted dimension 1 or less.
- Every overring of is integrally closed.
These statements are equivalent for affine ring with integral closure .{{sfn|Davis|1962}}{{rp|58}}
- Ring is locally nilpotentfree.
- Ring is a finite module.
- Ring is Noetherian.
An integrally closed local ring is an integral domain or a ring whose non-unit elements are all zero-divisors.{{sfn|Davis|1962}}{{rp|58}}
A Noetherian integral domain is a Dedekind ring if every overring of the Noetherian ring is integrally closed.{{sfn|Davis|1964}}{{rp|198}}
Every overring of a Noetherian integral domain is a ring of fractions if the Noetherian integral domain is a Dedekind ring with a torsion class group.{{sfn|Davis|1964}}{{rp|200}}
=Coherent rings=
==Definitions==
A coherent ring is a commutative ring with each finitely generated ideal finitely presented.{{sfn|Papick|1978}}{{rp|373}} Noetherian domains and Prüfer domains are coherent.{{sfn|Papick|1980}}{{rp|137}}
A pair indicates a integral domain extension of over .{{sfn|Papick|1979}}{{rp|331}}
Ring is an intermediate domain for pair if is a subdomain of and is a subdomain of .{{sfn|Papick|1979}}{{rp|331}}
==Properties==
A Noetherian ring's Krull dimension is 1 or less if every overring is coherent.{{sfn|Papick|1978}}{{rp|373}}
For integral domain pair , is an overring of if each intermediate integral domain is integrally closed in .{{sfn|Papick|1979}}{{rp|332}}{{sfn|Davis|1973}}{{rp|175}}
The integral closure of is a Prüfer domain if each proper overring of is coherent.{{sfn|Papick|1980}}{{rp|137}}
The overrings of Prüfer domains and Krull 1-dimensional Noetherian domains are coherent.{{sfn|Papick|1980}}{{rp|138}}
=Prüfer domains=
==Properties==
A ring has QR property if every overring is a localization with a multiplicative set.{{sfn|Fuchs|Heinzer|Olberding|2004}}{{rp|196}} The QR domains are Prüfer domains.{{sfn|Fuchs|Heinzer|Olberding|2004}}{{rp|196}} A Prüfer domain with a torsion Picard group is a QR domain.{{sfn|Fuchs|Heinzer|Olberding|2004}}{{rp|196}} A Prüfer domain is a QR domain if the radical of every finitely generated ideal equals the radical generated by a principal ideal.{{sfn|Pendleton|1966}}{{rp|500}}
The statement is a Prüfer domain is equivalent to:{{sfn|Bazzoni|Glaz|2006}}{{rp|56}}
- Each overring of is the intersection of localizations of , and is integrally closed.
- Each overring of is the intersection of rings of fractions of , and is integrally closed.
- Each overring of has prime ideals that are extensions of the prime ideals of , and is integrally closed.
- Each overring of has at most 1 prime ideal lying over any prime ideal of , and is integrally closed
- Each overring of is integrally closed.
- Each overring of is coherent.
The statement is a Prüfer domain is equivalent to:{{sfn|Fontana|Papick|2002}}{{rp|167}}
- Each overring of is flat as a module.
- Each valuation overring of is a ring of fractions.
=Minimal overring=
==Definitions==
A minimal ring homomorphism is an injective non-surjective homomorophism, and if the homomorphism is a composition of homomorphisms and then or is an isomorphism.{{sfn|Ferrand|Olivier|1970}}{{rp|461}}
A proper minimal ring extension of subring occurs if the ring inclusion of in to is a minimal ring homomorphism. This implies the ring pair has no proper intermediate ring.{{sfn|Dobbs|Shapiro|2006}}{{rp|186}}
A minimal overring of ring occurs if contains as a subring, and the ring pair has no proper intermediate ring.{{sfn|Dobbs|Shapiro|2007}}{{rp|60}}
The Kaplansky ideal transform (Hayes transform, S-transform) of ideal with respect to integral domain is a subset of the fraction field . This subset contains elements such that for each element of the ideal there is a positive integer with the product contained in integral domain .{{sfn|Sato|Sugatani|Yoshida|1992}}{{sfn|Dobbs|Shapiro|2007}}{{rp|60}}
==Properties==
Any domain generated from a minimal ring extension of domain is an overring of if is not a field.{{sfn|Sato|Sugatani|Yoshida|1992}}{{sfn|Dobbs|Shapiro|2006}}{{rp|186}}
The field of fractions of contains minimal overring of when is not a field.{{sfn|Dobbs|Shapiro|2007}}{{rp|60}}
Assume an integrally closed integral domain is not a field, If a minimal overring of integral domain exists, this minimal overring occurs as the Kaplansky transform of a maximal ideal of .{{sfn|Dobbs|Shapiro|2007}}{{rp|60}}
Examples
The Bézout integral domain is a type of Prüfer domain; the Bézout domain's defining property is every finitely generated ideal is a principal ideal. The Bézout domain will share all the overring properties of a Prüfer domain.{{sfn|Fontana|Papick|2002}}{{rp|168}}
The integer ring is a Prüfer ring, and all overrings are rings of quotients.{{sfn|Davis|1964}}{{rp|196}}
The dyadic rational is a fraction with an integer numerator and power of 2 denominators.
The dyadic rational ring is the localization of the integers by powers of two and an overring of the integer ring.
See also
{{Div col|colwidth=28em}}
- {{annotated link|Categorical ring}}
- {{annotated link|Category of rings}}
- {{annotated link|Coherent ring}}
- {{annotated link|Dedekind domain}}
- Glossary of ring theory
- {{annotated link|Integral element}}
- {{annotated link|Krull dimension}}
- {{annotated link|Local ring}}
- Localization (commutative algebra)
- {{annotated link|Nilpotent}}
- {{annotated link|Picard group}}
- {{annotated link|Principal ideal}}
- {{annotated link|Prüfer domain}}
- {{annotated link|Noetherian ring}}
- Regular element (in ring theory):
- {{annotated link|Von Neumann regular ring}}
- {{annotated link|Zero divisor}}
- {{annotated link|Subring}}
- {{annotated link|Total ring of fractions}}
- {{annotated link|Valuation ring}}
{{Div col end}}
Notes
{{Reflist|20em}}
References
{{refbegin|35em}}
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{{refend}}