ovotestis

{{Short description|Gonad with features of both testicles and ovaries}}

An ovotestis is a gonad with both testicular and ovarian aspects.{{cite web |url=http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic1702.htm |title=eMedicine - Ovotestis : Article by Gail F Whitman-Elia, MD |access-date=2008-01-02 }}{{cite web |url=http://www.isna.org/faq/conditions/ovo-testes |title=ovo-testes (formerly called "true hermaphroditism") |work= Intersex Society of North America |access-date=2007-12-08 }} In humans, ovotestes are an infrequent anatomical variation associated with gonadal dysgenesis.{{cite journal |vauthors=Salas-Cortés L, Jaubert F, Nihoul-Feketé C, Brauner R, Rosemblatt M, Fellous M |title=SRY protein is expressed in ovotestis and streak gonads from human sex-reversal |journal=Cytogenet. Cell Genet. |volume=91 |issue=1–4 |pages=212–6 |year=2000 |pmid=11173859 |doi= 10.1159/000056847|s2cid=32843904 |url=https://www.karger.com/Article/PDF/56847}} The only mammals where ovotestes are not characteristic of an infrequent variation are moles, wherein females possess ovotestes along with a masculinized clitoris. These ovotestes in nonpregnant female moles secrete eight times as much testosterone as the ovotestes of pregnant moles.{{cite journal |last1=Whitworth |first1=Deanne |last2=Licht |first2=Paul |last3=Racey |first3=Paul |last4=Glickman |first4=Stephen |title=Testis-Like Steroidogenesis in the Ovotestis of the European Mole, Talpa europaea |journal=Biology of Reproduction |date=1999-02-01 |volume=60 |issue=2 |pages=413–418 |doi=10.1095/biolreprod60.2.413 |pmid=9916009 |doi-access=free }} In invertebrates that are normally hermaphroditic, such as most gastropods (snails and slugs) in the clade Eupulmonata, an ovotestis is a common feature of the reproductive anatomy.

In mice, ovotestes are structured such that the central region is testicular tissue while the poles both contain ovarian tissue. Experiments involving the SOX9 gene, which is initiated by the SRY region of the Y chromosome, have shown the gene's requirement for testicular differentiation from the presence of ovotestis formation within XX Sox9 trangenic mice. (6) Ovotestis within B6-XYPOS mice allow for gonadal development research within the same tissue to take place in ways previously unavailable.Gregoire EP et al. (2011). “Transient development of ovotestes in XX Sox9 transgenic mice.” Dev Biol. 394(1):65-77Wilhelm D, Washburn LL, Truong V, Fellous M, Eicher EM, Koopman P. Antagonism of the testis- and ovary-determining pathways during ovotestis development in mice. Mechanisms of Development. 2009;126(5-6):324-336.