parent hydride
{{short description|Molecule made of a main-group element bound to hydrogen}}
{{One source|date=September 2024}}
In chemistry, a parent hydride in IUPAC nomenclature refers to a main group compound with the formula {{chem2|AH_{n} }}, where A is a main group element. The names of parent hydrides end with -ane, analogous with the nomenclature for alkanes. Derivatives of parent hydrides are named by appending prefixes or suffixes to the name of the parent hydride to indicate the substituents that replace the hydrogen atoms.
Parent hydrides are used in both the organic nomenclature, and inorganic nomenclature systems.[http://old.iupac.org/publications/books/rbook/Red_Book_2005.pdf Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry IUPAC Recommendations 2005] (Red Book) Par. IR-6 Parent Hydride Names and Substitutive Nomenclature - Full text PDF
| class="wikitable"
|+Parent hydride names for group 13-17 elements (with standard bond numbers) !13 !14 !15 !16 !17 |
| BH3, borane
|CH4, methane* |OH2, oxidane (water)* |FH, fluorane (hydrogen fluoride)* |
| AlH3, alumane (aluminum hydride)
|SiH4, silane* |PH3, phosphane (phosphine)* |SH2, sulfane (hydrogen sulfide)* |ClH, chlorane (hydrogen chloride)* |
| GaH3, gallane
|GeH4, germane* |AsH3, arsane (arsine)* |SeH2, selane (hydrogen selenide)* |BrH, bromane (hydrogen bromide)* |
| InH3, indigane
|SnH4, stannane* |SbH3, stibane |TeH2, tellane (hydrogen telluride)* |IH, iodane (hydrogen iodide)* |
| TlH3, thallane
|PbH4, plumbane |BiH3, bismuthane |PoH2, polane |AtH, astatane |
Reactions and structure
Parent hydrides are useful reference compounds, but many are nonexistent or unstable. Group III parent hydrides exist only under extraordinary conditions. Borane dimerizes irreversibly. Gallane and heavier congeners polymerize, sometimes with loss of hydrogen. Plumbane and bismuthane, stibane, indane, thallane are unstable.
See also
References
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