particularly dangerous situation

{{One source section|date=August 2024}}

During the winter of 1981–82, the Severe Local Storms (SELS) unit switched to a more flexible method of issuing weather products. Ed Ferguson, Deputy Director of the National Severe Storms Forecast Center (NSSFC), suggested to Lead Forecaster Jack Hales that the guidance center could give more resolution to the tornado watch product. Hales suggested the PDS option to identify areas where, a few times each year, conditions are most likely to aid in the development of large and intense tornadoes. The first PDS tornado watch was issued by Robert H. Johns for the April 2, 1982 tornado outbreak across the southern and central Great Plains.{{cite journal |last=Lewis |first=John |title=A Forecaster's Story: Robert H. Johns |journal=Electronic Journal of Severe Storms Meteorology |volume=2 |issue=7 |date=2007-11-03 |pages=1–19 |doi=10.55599/ejssm.v2i7.12|doi-access=free }}

While historically applied only to severe thunderstorm, tornado and flash flood watches (i.e., severe local storm "polygonal" events), PDS wording could theoretically be applied to other types of weather watches (such as winter storm, high wind, hurricane, or fire weather watches) when an enhanced threat for such conditions exists. These watches have generally (but not always) been issued during a high risk or an upper-end moderate risk either of severe storms from the SPC's convective outlooks or of flash flooding from the Weather Prediction Center (WPC)'s excessive rainfall outlooks.

On April 24, 2011, the National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Memphis, Tennessee, issued the first PDS flash flood watch to highlight the threat for widespread, significant and potentially life-threatening flash flooding due to repeated rounds of severe thunderstorms.

On December 19, 2017, and August 3, 2018, the National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Reno, Nevada, issued PDS red flag warnings to highlight the threat for potentially life-threatening fire danger due to strong gusty winds and low humidity.

PDS flash flood watches were issued when there is a higher-than-normal risk of widespread, life-threatening flash flooding. These watches are issued by local NWS Weather Forecast Offices, not the Storm Prediction Center. This would eventually go onto be replaced by the flood watch in 2022.

Below is the first PDS flash flood watch, which was issued by the National Weather Service Forecast Office in Memphis, Tennessee, on April 24, 2011, as mentioned above.{{cite web|url=http://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu/vtec/#2011-O-NEW-KMEG-FF-A-0006 |title=IEM Valid Time Extent Code (VTEC) App |publisher=Mesonet.agron.iastate.edu |access-date=2014-01-22}}

{{hidden

|PDS flash flood watch

| URGENT - IMMEDIATE BROADCAST REQUESTED

FLOOD WATCH

NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MEMPHIS TN

239 PM CDT SUN APR 24 2011

...VERY HEAVY RAINFALL THROUGH THE MIDDLE OF THIS WEEK WILL LIKELY

LEAD TO SIGNIFICANT...WIDESPREAD FLASH FLOODING...

{{red|...THIS IS A PARTICULARLY DANGEROUS SITUATION...}}

A BOUNDARY WILL CONTINUE TO REMAIN STATIONARY ACROSS SOUTHERN

MISSOURI INTO KENTUCKY THROUGH MONDAY. REPEATED ROUNDS OF

THUNDERSTORMS WILL TRACK ALONG THE FRONT BRINGING HEAVY RAINFALL.

THEN A LOW PRESSURE SYSTEM WILL TRACK ALONG IT INTO MISSOURI AND

PUSH THE FRONT FURTHER SOUTH TO ALONG THE I-40 CORRIDOR MONDAY

NIGHT THROUGH TUESDAY NIGHT. THIS WILL SHIFT THE HEAVY RAIN AXIS

FURTHER SOUTH TO ALONG AND JUST NORTH OF THE I-40 CORRIDOR.

A SECOND LOW PRESSURE SYSTEM WILL TRACK ALONG THE NEWLY STALLED

BOUNDARY AND SET OFF ADDITIONAL TRAINING THUNDERSTORMS LATE

TUESDAY NIGHT AND WEDNESDAY. THE FINAL COLD FRONT WILL PASS

THROUGH LATE WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON...ENDING THE PERSISTENT HEAVY

RAINFALL.

ARZ026>028-035-036-048-049-058-MSZ001>014-TNZ003-004-019>021-

048>055-088>092-250400-

/O.NEW.KMEG.FF.A.0007.110426T0000Z-110428T0000Z/

/00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/

CRAIGHEAD-POINSETT-MISSISSIPPI-CROSS-

CRITTENDEN-ST. FRANCIS-

LEE AR-PHILLIPS-DESOTO-MARSHALL-BENTON MS-TIPPAH-ALCORN-

TISHOMINGO-TUNICA-TATE-PRENTISS-

COAHOMA-QUITMAN-PANOLA-LAFAYETTE-

UNION-WEAKLEY-HENRY-DYER-GIBSON-CARROLL-LAUDERDALE-TIPTON-HAYWOOD-

CROCKETT-MADISON-CHESTER-HENDERSON-

DECATUR-SHELBY-FAYETTE-

HARDEMAN-MCNAIRY-HARDIN-

INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...JONESBORO...HARRISBURG...BLYTHEVILLE...

WYNNE...WEST MEMPHIS...FORREST CITY...HELENA...

SOUTHAVEN...

OLIVE BRANCH...CORINTH...IUKA...TUNICA...BOONEVILLE...

CLARKSDALE...BATESVILLE...OXFORD...NEW ALBANY...

MARTIN...

DRESDEN...PARIS...DYERSBURG...HUMBOLDT...MILAN...HUNTINGDON...

COVINGTON...JACKSON...LEXINGTON...BARTLETT...GERMANTOWN...

COLLIERVILLE...MEMPHIS...MILLINGTON...SOMERVILLE...

BOLIVAR...

SAVANNAH

239 PM CDT SUN APR 24 2011

...FLASH FLOOD WATCH IN EFFECT FROM MONDAY EVENING THROUGH

WEDNESDAY EVENING...

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN MEMPHIS HAS ISSUED A

* FLASH FLOOD WATCH FOR PORTIONS OF EAST ARKANSAS...NORTH MISSISSIPPI

AND WEST TENNESSEE...INCLUDING THE FOLLOWING AREAS...IN EAST

ARKANSAS...CRAIGHEAD...CRITTENDEN...CROSS...

LEE...MISSISSIPPI...PHILLIPS...POINSETT AND ST. FRANCIS. IN

NORTH MISSISSIPPI...ALCORN...BENTON...COAHOMA...DESOTO...

LAFAYETTE...MARSHALL...PANOLA...PRENTISS...QUITMAN...TATE...

TIPPAH...TISHOMINGO...TUNICA AND UNION. IN WEST TENNESSEE...

CARROLL...CHESTER...CROCKETT...DECATUR...DYER...FAYETTE...

GIBSON...HARDEMAN...HARDIN...HAYWOOD...HENDERSON...HENRY...

LAUDERDALE...MADISON...MCNAIRY...SHELBY...TIPTON AND WEAKLEY.

* FROM MONDAY EVENING THROUGH WEDNESDAY EVENING.

* {{red|THIS IS A PARTICULARLY DANGEROUS SITUATION}}

* TOTAL RAINFALL AMOUNTS OF 5 TO 8 INCHES ARE EXPECTED ALONG AND

NORTH OF I-40 WITH 2 TO 5 INCHES EXPECTED SOUTH OF I-40. LOCALLY

HIGHER AMOUNTS ARE LIKELY.

* RAINFALL AMOUNTS SUCH AS THESE MAY LEAD TO WIDESPREAD...

SIGNIFICANT...AND LIFE THREATENING FLASH FLOODING. THIS EVENT

MAY BE AS SEVERE AS THE MAY 1–2, 2010 FLOODING IN PLACES. FLASH

FLOODING OF CITIES...RURAL AREAS...RIVERS...AND SMALL STREAMS

ARE POSSIBLE.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A FLASH FLOOD WATCH MEANS THAT CONDITIONS MAY DEVELOP THAT LEAD

TO FLASH FLOODING. FLASH FLOODING IS A VERY DANGEROUS SITUATION.

YOU SHOULD MONITOR LATER FORECASTS AND BE PREPARED TO TAKE ACTION

SHOULD FLASH FLOOD WARNINGS BE ISSUED.

&&

$$

ARZ008-009-017-018-MOZ113-115-TNZ001-002-250400-

/O.EXT.KMEG.FF.A.0006.000000T0000Z-110428T0000Z/

/00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/

RANDOLPH-CLAY-LAWRENCE-GREENE-DUNKLIN-PEMISCOT-LAKE-OBION-

INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...WALNUT RIDGE...PARAGOULD...KENNETT...

CARUTHERSVILLE...UNION CITY

239 PM CDT SUN APR 24 2011

...FLASH FLOOD WATCH NOW IN EFFECT THROUGH WEDNESDAY EVENING...

THE FLASH FLOOD WATCH IS NOW IN EFFECT FOR

* PORTIONS OF EAST ARKANSAS...SOUTHEAST MISSOURI AND WEST

TENNESSEE...INCLUDING THE FOLLOWING AREAS...IN EAST ARKANSAS...

CLAY...GREENE...LAWRENCE AND RANDOLPH. IN SOUTHEAST MISSOURI...

DUNKLIN AND PEMISCOT. IN WEST TENNESSEE...LAKE AND OBION.

* THROUGH WEDNESDAY EVENING.

* {{red|THIS IS A PARTICULARLY DANGEROUS SITUATION}}

* ADDITIONAL RAINFALL AMOUNTS OF 6 TO 9 INCHES ARE EXPECTED.

LOCALLY HIGHER AMOUNTS ARE LIKELY. THIS...IN COMBINATION OF

THE 2 TO 4 INCHES THAT HAVE ALREADY FALLEN MAY LEAD TO TOTAL

RAINFALL AMOUNTS IN EXCESS OF 12 INCHES IN MANY LOCATIONS.

* RAINFALL AMOUNTS SUCH AS THESE WILL LIKELY LEAD TO WIDESPREAD...

SIGNIFICANT...AND LIFE THREATENING FLASH FLOODING. THIS EVENT

MAY BE AS SEVERE AS THE MAY 1-2 2010 FLOODING IN MANY PLACES.

FLASH FLOODING OF CITIES...RURAL AREAS...RIVERS...AND SMALL

STREAMS ARE POSSIBLE.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A FLASH FLOOD WATCH MEANS THAT CONDITIONS MAY DEVELOP THAT LEAD

TO FLASH FLOODING. FLASH FLOODING IS A VERY DANGEROUS SITUATION.

YOU SHOULD MONITOR LATER FORECASTS AND BE PREPARED TO TAKE ACTION

SHOULD FLASH FLOOD WARNINGS BE ISSUED.

&&

$$

BORGHOFF

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|style=text-align:center;

}}

PDS flash flood warnings are issued when there is a higher than normal risk of widespread, life-threatening flash flooding. Like PDS flash flood watches, they are issued by the local NWS Weather Forecast Offices, rather than the Storm Prediction Center. Recently, they have been issued as PDS flash flood emergencies, most notably by the National Weather Service offices in Houston and Corpus Christi, Texas.

This strongly-worded flash flood emergency was issued on September 27, 2024, by the National Weather Service Forecast Office in Greenville–Spartanburg, South Carolina, in response to devastating flooding in western North Carolina caused by Hurricane Helene.

{{hidden

|PDS flash flood warning

| Flash Flood Warning

NCC023-027-111-291800-

/O.NEW.KGSP.FF.W.0113.240927T2323Z-240929T1800Z/

/00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/

BULLETIN - EAS ACTIVATION REQUESTED

Flash Flood Warning

National Weather Service Greenville-Spartanburg SC

723 PM EDT Fri Sep 27 2024

...FLASH FLOOD EMERGENCY FOR CATAWBA RIVER FROM LAKE JAMES TO LAKE

RHODHISS...

The National Weather Service in Greenville-Spartanburg has issued a

• Flash Flood Warning for...

Central Burke County in western North Carolina...

Southeastern Caldwell County in western North Carolina...

East Central McDowell County in western North Carolina...

• Until 200 PM EDT Sunday.

• At 723 PM EDT, Devastating rainfall of 6-25 (twenty-five) inches

occurred from Wednesday evening through Friday morning from Lake

Hickory to the Catawba River headwaters, with the highest totals

exceeding 2 feet along the Blue Ridge Escarpment across the upper

Catawba River watershed. This is resulting in catastrophic and

historic inflows into Lake James, and releases from Lake James are

causing catastrophic flooding along the Catawba River into Lake

Rhodhiss.

• The latest pool elevations for the upper Catawba River lakes are

as follows (Full Pool is 100.0 feet):

Lake James: 110.3 feet and rising steadily. RECORD BROKEN.

Lake Rhodhiss: 108.1 feet and rising steadily.

• The former record pool elevation at Lake James is 107.36 feet

which occurred in September 8, 2004 during Hurricane Frances.

Major Flood Stage is 110.0 feet.

• The current record pool elevation at Lake Rhodhiss is 110.10 feet

which occurred in August 1940. Major Flood Stage is 110.0 feet.

• This is an unprecedented and extremely dangerous event. Residents

are urged to heed guidance from emergency management and law

enforcement on any potential impacts to property. We are pleading

with drivers to heed any barricades and avoid all flooded areas.

There have been numerous swift water rescues because people are

choosing to risk their lives and the lives of others by failing to

Turn Around Don`t Drown. Please do the right thing and protect

your life, the life of your family, and the lives of those who

risk theirs to save you.

This is a FLASH FLOOD EMERGENCY for Catawba River from Lake James

to Lake Rhodhiss. This is a PARTICULARLY DANGEROUS SITUATION. SEEK

HIGHER GROUND NOW!

HAZARD...Life-threatening flash flooding from historic rainfall

and resultant dam floodgate releases.

SOURCE...Duke Energy and Burke County Emergency Management.

IMPACT...This is a PARTICULARLY DANGEROUS SITUATION. SEEK

HIGHER GROUND NOW! Life-threatening flash-flooding of

Lake James, the Catawba River, and Lake Rhodhiss is

ongoing. Structural flooding along Lake James

continues and is developing along Lake Rhodhiss.

Downstream of Bridgewater Dam on the Catawba River,

several structrues are damaged or destroyed, with some

single-level homes submerged by floodwaters. These

floodwaters are causing numerous swift-water rescues.

Backwater effects are causing significant inundation

along tributaries, including flooding exceeding 4 ft

deep at the NC 18/US 64 bridge, blocking a primary

roadway connecting Morganton and Lenoir.

• Please stay weather aware and monitor lake levels and Duke Energy

projections closely for any changes.

• For more information on lake levels or dam releases, people are

encouraged to visit https://lakes.duke-energy.com or call

1-800-829-5253.

• Residents along the Catawba River are encouraged to stay aware of

the latest updates from Burke County by signing up for alerts at:

http://smart911.com

• McDowell County Emergency Management, Burke County Emergency

Management, Caldwell County Emergency Management, and Duke Energy

are closely monitoring these high flows and pool levels and

additional updates will be provided as new information becomes

available.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Move to higher ground now! This is an extremely dangerous and

life-threatening situation. Do not attempt to travel unless you are

fleeing an area subject to flooding or under an evacuation order.

If you are in low-lying areas along the Catawba River you should move

to higher ground immediately.

&&

LAT...LON 3583 8188 3577 8179 3584 8164 3581 8159

3581 8146 3578 8135 3573 8139 3574 8143

3574 8159 3571 8176 3572 8194 3568 8202

3572 8206 3580 8191

FLASH FLOOD...OBSERVED

FLASH FLOOD DAMAGE THREAT...CATASTROPHIC

$$

JMP

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|style=text-align:center;

}}

A PDS flood watch is issued by the National Weather Service when significant and widespread flooding is likely, and will cause a high threat to life and/or property.

The first known{{cite web |last1=akrherz@iastate.edu |first1=daryl herzmann |title=IEM :: Particularly Dangerous Situation (PDS) Listing |url=https://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu/vtec/pds.php |website=mesonet.agron.iastate.edu |language=en}} flood watch was issued in mid-February 2025 across parts of Kentucky, Missouri, Illinois, and Indiana, prompted by the February 2025 North American storm complex, which caused widespread catastrophic and deadly flooding across much of the area.{{cite web |last1=akrherz@iastate.edu |first1=daryl herzmann |title=KPAH Flood (Particularly Dangerous Situation) Watch #2 |url=https://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu/vtec/event/2025-O-NEW-KPAH-FA-A-0002/radar/USCOMP-N0Q-202502150600/tab/textdata |website=Iowa Environmental Mesonet |access-date=19 February 2025 |language=en}}

{{hidden

|PDS flood watch

| 416

WGUS63 KPAH 141851

FFAPAH

Flood Watch

National Weather Service Paducah KY

1251 PM CST Fri Feb 14 2025

.Rainfall is expected to begin before dawn Saturday increasing in

intensity through the day. Thunderstorms are then expected to form

in the late morning and persist through the evening. A large area of

4+ inches of rain is forecast. The region should prepare for an

unusually dangerous and impactful flood event.

ILZ090-091-094-INZ088-KYZ001>022-MOZ112-114-150600-

/O.CON.KPAH.FA.A.0002.250215T0600Z-250216T1200Z/

/00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/

Pope-Hardin-Massac-Spencer-Fulton-Hickman-Carlisle-Ballard-

McCracken-Graves-Livingston-Marshall-Calloway-Crittenden-Lyon-

Trigg-Caldwell-Union KY-Webster-Hopkins-Christian-Henderson-

Daviess-McLean-Muhlenberg-Todd-Mississippi-New Madrid-

Including the cities of Princeton, Owensboro, Metropolis,

Madisonville, Bardwell, Hopkinsville, Wickliffe, Morganfield,

Henderson, Hickman, Elizabethtown, Benton, Elkton, Marion,

Clinton, Paducah, Greenville, Golconda, Smithland, Eddyville,

Calhoun, New Madrid, Charleston, Cadiz, Dixon, Mayfield,

Rockport, and Murray

1251 PM CST Fri Feb 14 2025

...FLOOD WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM MIDNIGHT CST TONIGHT THROUGH

LATE SATURDAY NIGHT...

• WHAT...Significant and widespread Flash flooding caused by

excessive rainfall continues to be possible. This is a

particularly dangerous situation.

• WHERE...Alexander, Gallatin, Hamilton, Johnson, Pulaski, Saline,

Union, White and Williamson Counties in Southern Illinois. All of

western Kentucky, All of southwest Indiana, Butler, Mississippi,

Ripley, Scott and Stoddard Counties in southeast Missouri.

• WHEN...From midnight CST tonight through late Saturday night.

• IMPACTS...Excessive runoff may result in flooding of rivers,

creeks, streams, and other low-lying and flood-prone locations.

• ADDITIONAL DETAILS...

- Widespread rainfall amounts of 3 to 5 inches are forecast.

Localized areas of 6 inches or more are possible somewhere in

the watch area. This would lead to significant and widespread

flash flooding with impacts in locations not normally subject

to flooding.

- http://www.weather.gov/safety/flood

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Those in the watch area should take precautions for flood

conditions. Remove debris from storm drains and clear flood prone

locations. You should monitor later forecasts and be prepared to

take action should Flash Flood Warnings be issued.

&&

$$

ILZ082-083-085>089-092-093-INZ081-082-085>087-MOZ108>111-150600-

/O.CON.KPAH.FA.A.0002.250215T0600Z-250216T1200Z/

/00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/

Hamilton-White-Williamson-Saline-Gallatin-Union-Johnson-Alexander-

Pulaski-Gibson-Pike-Posey-Vanderburgh-Warrick-Ripley-Butler-

Stoddard-Scott-

Including the cities of McLeansboro, Boonville, Jonesboro, Fort

Branch, Vienna, Sikeston, Mound City, Poseyville, Herrin,

Petersburg, Doniphan, Evansville, Bloomfield, Carmi, Cairo,

Poplar Bluff, Shawneetown, and Harrisburg

1251 PM CST Fri Feb 14 2025 /151 PM EST Fri Feb 14 2025/

...FLOOD WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM MIDNIGHT CST /1 AM EST/

TONIGHT THROUGH LATE SATURDAY NIGHT...

• WHAT...Significant and widespread flash flooding caused by

excessive rainfall continues to be possible. This is a

particularly dangerous situation.

• WHERE...Alexander, Gallatin, Hamilton, Johnson, Pulaski, Saline,

Union, White and Williamson Counties in Southern Illinois. All of

western Kentucky, All of southwest Indiana, Butler, Mississippi,

Ripley, Scott and Stoddard Counties in southeast Missouri.

• WHEN...From midnight CST /1 AM EST/ tonight through late Saturday

night.

• IMPACTS...Excessive runoff may result in flooding of rivers,

creeks, streams, and other low-lying and flood-prone locations.

Storm drains and ditches may become clogged with debris. Extensive

street flooding and flooding of creeks and rivers are possible.

• ADDITIONAL DETAILS...

- Widespread rainfall amounts of 3 to 5 inches are forecast.

Localized areas of 6 inches or more are possible somewhere in

the watch area. This would lead to significant and widespread

flash flooding with impacts in locations not normally subject

to flooding.

- http://www.weather.gov/safety/flood

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Those in the watch area should take precautions for flood

conditions. Remove debris from storm drains and clear flood prone

locations. You should monitor later forecasts and be prepared to

take action should Flash Flood Warnings be issued.

&&

$$

JGG

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}}

PDS high wind warnings are issued by the National Weather Service when non-convective winds are expected to be especially damaging or dangerous to people and property, beyond what would be expected of a typical high wind warning.

The warning below was issued by the National Weather Service in Salt Lake City, Utah, on September 8, 2020, for an extreme downslope wind event in Salt Lake City and the northern Wasatch Front.{{cite web |url=https://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu/vtec/#2020-O-NEW-KSLC-HW-W-0006/USCOMP-N0Q-202009080000 |title=Iowa Environmental Mesonet NWS Product Archive|date=2020-09-08 |access-date=2020-09-08 |author=National Weather Service}}

{{hidden

|PDS high wind warning

| URGENT - WEATHER MESSAGE

National Weather Service Salt Lake City UT

911 AM MDT Tue Sep 8 2020

UTZ002-003-082315-

/O.CON.KSLC.HW.W.0006.000000T0000Z-200909T1500Z/

Northern Wasatch Front-Salt Lake and Tooele Valleys-

Including the cities of Ogden, Bountiful, and Salt Lake City

911 AM MDT Tue Sep 8 2020

...HIGH WIND WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 9 AM MDT WEDNESDAY...

{{red|...THIS IS A PARTICULARLY DANGEROUS SITUATION....}}

* WHAT...East winds 30 to 45 mph with gusts in excess of 70 mph

are expected. Wind gusts as high as 98 mph near Farmington,

Centerville and the mouth of Weber Canyon have been reported

this morning. {{red|This is a particularly dangerous situation.}}

* WHERE...Salt Lake and Tooele Valleys and Northern Wasatch

Front.

* WHEN...Until 9 AM MDT Wednesday.

* IMPACTS...High winds may move loose debris, damage property

and cause power outages. Travel will be difficult especially

for high profile vehicles. The most impacted travel routes are

expected to be along the I-15 corridor between Salt Lake City

and Layton, the Legacy Parkway, the US 89 corridor in Davis

and Weber Counties, and Foothill Drive.

* ADDITIONAL DETAILS...Stay inside! Flying debris and numerous

falling trees may be deadly.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

People are urged to secure loose objects that could be blown

around or damaged by the wind.

&&

$$

|headerstyle=background:#ccccff

|style=text-align:center;

}}

PDS red flag warnings are issued by the National Weather Service to inform the public that there is an unusually high threat of wildland fire combustion, and rapid spread of wildfires, due to very dry fuels, very low humidity levels, and strong winds.

The PDS red flag warning below was issued by the National Weather Service in Reno, Nevada, on December 19, 2017.{{cite web |url=http://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu/vtec/#2017-O-NEW-KREV-FW-W-0017/USCOMP-N0Q-201712200300 |title=Iowa Environmental Mesonet NWS Product Archive|date=2017-12-19 |access-date=2018-04-18 |author=National Weather Service}}

On August 3, 2018, the National Weather Service in Reno, Nevada, issued another PDS red flag warning to communicate the threat of life-threatening fire danger due to strong gusty winds and low humidity.

On April 12, 2022, the National Weather Service in Norman, Oklahoma, issued a PDS red flag warning because of an extreme fire weather behavior (overlap of extremely dry fuels, humidity as low as 8 percent and wind gusting to 60 mph).{{Cite web|url=https://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu/vtec/#2022-O-NEW-KOUN-FW-W-0019|title = IEM :: Valid Time Event Code (VTEC) App}}

On January 7, 2025, during a destructive wildfire event affecting much of greater Los Angeles and surrounding areas, the National Weather Service in Los Angeles-Oxnard, California issued numerous PDS red flag warnings due to extreme winds and low humidity.{{cite web |last1=National Weather Service |title=National Weather Service Raw Text Product Displaying AFOS PIL: RFWLOX Product Timestamp: 2025-01-07 22:37 UTC |url=https://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu/wx/afos/p.php?pil=RFWLOX&e=202501072237 |publisher=IEM NWS Product Archive |access-date=8 January 2025 |date=7 January 2025}}

{{hidden

| PDS red flag warning

|

URGENT - FIRE WEATHER MESSAGE

National Weather Service Reno NV

140 PM PST Tue Dec 19 2017

CAZ273-201500-

/O.CON.KREV.FW.W.0017.171220T0300Z-171221T0300Z/

Mono and Eastern Alpine Counties-

140 PM PST Tue Dec 19 2017

...RED FLAG WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM 7 PM THIS EVENING TO

7 PM PST WEDNESDAY FOR GUSTY WINDS AND LOW HUMIDITY FOR MONO

COUNTY SOUTH OF MONO LAKE...

{{red|...THIS IS A PARTICULARLY DANGEROUS SITUATION...}}

AFFECTED AREA...Fire Zone 273 Mono and Eastern Alpine Counties.

Winds...Southwest 25 to 40 mph with gusts up to 70 mph late

tonight into Wednesday morning. The winds will shift to the

north by early Wednesday afternoon with speeds of 20 to 30 mph

and gusts to 55 mph.

Location and timing of strongest wind gusts...The strongest

wind gusts will be along the 395 corridor tonight into

Wednesday morning. Wednesday afternoon the strongest gusts

will be in the Owens and Chalfant Valleys.

Humidity...As low as 10 to 20% tonight and again late

Wednesday afternoon. Brief recovery near or above 50% is

possible late Wednesday morning.

Duration...10 to 15 hours, locally up to 20 hours.

Impacts...The combination of gusty winds and low humidity can

cause fire to rapidly grow in size and intensity.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

This is a {{red|particularly dangerous situation}} with low humidity and

very high winds. New fires will grow rapidly out of control, in

some cases people may not be able to evacuate safely in time

should a fire approach. Avoid outdoor activities that can cause a

spark near dry vegetation, such as yard work, target shooting, or

campfires. Follow local fire restrictions. Check weather.gov/reno

for updates and livingwithfire.info for preparedness tips.

|headerstyle= background: #ccccff

|style= text-align: center;

}}

PDS severe thunderstorm watches are issued when there is a higher than normal risk of severe thunderstorm winds capable of major structural damage (in addition to large hail and perhaps a few isolated tornadoes), usually due to a strong and persistent derecho. These watches are very rare (accounting an average of only two each year), as the risk for tornadoes must remain low enough to not warrant a tornado watch (a normal tornado watch would be issued if the tornado risk is significant alongside the extreme wind threat).

This PDS severe thunderstorm watch shown below was issued by the Storm Prediction Center in Norman, Oklahoma, on May 12, 2022, for a derecho in portions of Iowa, Minnesota, Nebraska, and South Dakota.{{cite web |author=NOAA |date=2022-05-12 |title=Storm Prediction Center: Particularly Dangerous Situation (PDS) Severe Thunderstorm Watch 208 |url=https://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/watch/ww0208.html}}

{{hidden

|PDS severe thunderstorm watch

| SEL8

URGENT - IMMEDIATE BROADCAST REQUESTED

Severe Thunderstorm Watch Number 208

NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK

325 PM CDT Thu May 12, 2022

The NWS Storm Prediction Center has issued a

* Severe Thunderstorm Watch for portions of

Northwest Iowa

Southwest Minnesota

Northeast Nebraska

Southeast South Dakota

* Effective this Thursday afternoon and evening from 325 PM until

1000 PM CDT.

{{red|...THIS IS A PARTICULARLY DANGEROUS SITUATION...}}

* Primary threats include...

Widespread damaging winds and scattered significant gusts to 105

mph expected

Scattered large hail likely with isolated very large hail events

to 2 inches in diameter possible

A couple tornadoes possible

SUMMARY...A prolific wind-damage event is expected unfold from

northeast Nebraska into southeast South Dakota and northwest

Iowa/southwest Minnesota. Pockets of significant wind damage are

highly likely, along with the potential for large hail and possible

a line-embedded tornado or two.

The severe thunderstorm watch area is approximately along and 60

statute miles north and south of a line from 60 miles west of

Mitchell SD to 5 miles east northeast of Spencer IA. For a complete

depiction of the watch see the associated watch outline update

(WOUS64 KWNS WOU8).

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

REMEMBER...A Severe Thunderstorm Watch means conditions are

favorable for severe thunderstorms in and close to the watch area.

Persons in these areas should be on the lookout for threatening

weather conditions and listen for later statements and possible

warnings. Severe thunderstorms can and occasionally do produce

tornadoes.

&&

OTHER WATCH INFORMATION...CONTINUE...WW 205...WW 206...WW 207...

AVIATION...A few severe thunderstorms with hail surface and aloft to

2 inches. Extreme turbulence and surface wind gusts to 90 knots. A

few cumulonimbi with maximum tops to 550. Mean storm motion vector

22045.

...Guyer

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PDS Special marine warnings are issued by the National Weather Service to inform mariners of weather conditions that present a considerable threat to life and property.

On April 19, 2018, the Baltimore/Washington, D.C. forecast office upgraded a special marine warning to PDS status as a gust front approached Chesapeake Bay.{{Cite web|url=http://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu/vtec/#2018-O-NEW-KLWX-MA-W-0020/USCOMP-N0Q-201804191500|title=IEM :: Valid Time Event Code (VTEC) App|first=Daryl |last=Herzmann|website=mesonet.agron.iastate.edu|access-date=2018-04-19}}

{{hidden

|PDS special marine warning

| National Weather Service Baltimore MD/Washington DC

1138 AM EDT THU APR 19 2018

ANZ537-191700-

/O.CON.KLWX.MA.W.0020.000000T0000Z-180419T1700Z/

1138 AM EDT THU APR 19 2018

...A SPECIAL MARINE WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 100 PM EDT...

For the following areas...

Tidal Potomac from Cobb Island MD to Smith Point VA...

At 1137 AM EDT, a gust front was located near Quantico Marine Base,

moving southeast at 25 knots. Numerous wind gusts of 35 to 45 knots

have been observed with this line.

HAZARD...Wind gusts 34 knots or greater.

SOURCE...Radar indicated.

IMPACT...Boaters in small craft could be thrown overboard by

suddenly higher winds and waves capsizing their vessel.

Locations impacted include...

Yeocomico River...

Breton Bay...

Point Lookout...

Coltons Point...

Saint Clements Bay...

Coles Point...

Mouth Of The Potomac River...

Saint George Island...

White Point Beach...

Tall Timbers...

and Piney Point.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

This is a {{red|particularly dangerous situation}}. Sudden onset of gale

force winds can cause even experienced mariners to capsize.

Capsizing in cold water is especially dangerous and can quickly

result in hypothermia. If you haven't already done so, move to safe

harbor now!

&&

LAT...LON 3797 7641 3801 7647 3802 7651 3807 7654

3811 7660 3815 7661 3817 7676 3817 7685

3826 7686 3825 7684 3823 7660 3821 7657

3814 7652 3806 7633 3801 7629 3791 7627

TIME...MOT...LOC 1537Z 310DEG 27KT 3871 7777 3813 7848

HAIL...0.00in

WIND...>34kts

$$

DHOF

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PDS special weather statements are usually issued by the NWS for hazards that do not have a specific code of their own, and pose an exceptionally high risk of damage and loss of life.

The PDS special weather statement below was issued by the National Weather Service in Buffalo, New York, on December 11, 2013, regarding extreme amounts of lake effect snow to impact the defined area.{{citation needed|date=April 2018}} The same office issued multiple PDS Special Weather Statements for hurricane-force winds forecast to hit the Buffalo area on February 24, 2019.{{Cite web |last=herzmann |first=daryl |title=IEM :: SPS from NWS BUF |url=https://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu/wx/afos/p.php?pil=SPSBUF&e=201902241931 |access-date=2023-01-18 |website=mesonet.agron.iastate.edu |language=en}}{{Cite web |last=herzmann |first=daryl |title=IEM :: SPS from NWS BUF |url=https://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu/wx/afos/p.php?pil=SPSBUF&e=201902242134 |access-date=2023-01-18 |website=mesonet.agron.iastate.edu |language=en}}{{Cite web |last=herzmann |first=daryl |title=IEM :: SPS from NWS BUF |url=https://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu/wx/afos/p.php?pil=SPSBUF&e=201902242200 |access-date=2023-01-18 |website=mesonet.agron.iastate.edu |language=en}}

{{hidden

|PDS special weather statement

|

SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT

NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE BUFFALO NY

255 PM EST WED DEC 11 2013

NYZ006>008-112200-

OSWEGO-JEFFERSON-LEWIS-

INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...OSWEGO...WATERTOWN...LOWVILLE

255 PM EST WED DEC 11 2013

...EXTREMELY HEAVY LAKE EFFECT SNOW TO CONTINUE THROUGH THE

EVENING COMMUTE...

A BAND OF VERY INTENSE LAKE EFFECT SNOW EXTENDING FROM BETWEEN

SANDY CREEK AND ADAMS ALONG I-81...EASTWARD TO LOWVILLE AND

CROGHAN WILL CONTINUE THROUGH THE AFTERNOON. OTHER AREAS IMPACTED

BY THIS SNOW BAND INCLUDE BUT ARE NOT LIMITED TO

MONTAGUE...MARTINSBURG...HIGHMARKET...TURIN...SANDY

CREEK...LACONA...PULASKI...LOWVILLE AND LYONS FALLS. THIS BAND

WILL DRIFT SLIGHTLY NORTH OVER THE NEXT COUPLE OF HOURS. SNOWFALL

RATES OF 3 TO 5 INCHES PER HOUR CAN BE EXPECTED WITHIN THE MOST

INTENSE LAKE BANDS. IN ADDITION...WEST WINDS BETWEEN 15 TO 30 MPH

WILL RESULT IN CONSIDERABLE BLOWING AND DRIFTING SNOW...REDUCING

VISIBILITIES TO NEAR ZERO AT TIMES MAKING FOR WHITE OUT

CONDITIONS.

{{red|...THIS IS A PARTICULARLY DANGEROUS SITUATION...}}

THIS WILL PRODUCE TREACHEROUS TRAVEL CONDITIONS ACROSS THE TUG

HILL...INTERSTATE 81 FROM PULASKI TO ADAMS...AND ALONG STATE

ROUTE 12 FROM TURIN TO LOWVILLE. TRAVEL ACROSS THESE AREAS WILL

BE NEARLY IMPOSSIBLE THIS AFTERNOON...AND IS HIGHLY DISCOURAGED.

$$

JAM

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PDS tornado watches are issued when there is a significantly higher than normal risk of multiple EF2 or stronger tornadoes – especially those that are predicted to be long-track in nature, with path lengths of more than 20 miles – in the watch area (usually amounting to damage consistent with EF4 or EF5 tornadoes at maximum), in addition to including significant wind and hail damage. This enhanced wording in a Tornado Watch is meant to alert the public of the potential for very life-threatening severe weather. Under current criteria, such would be issued when the probability for significant tornadoes is 80% or greater. PDS Tornado Watches are often issued on high risk days for severe weather, though have been issued on high-end moderate risk days.{{Cite journal|last=Brugge|first=R.|date=December 1994|title=The Alabama tornado outbreak of 27 March 1994 - an example of tornado formation|journal=Weather|volume=49|issue=12|pages=407–411|doi=10.1002/j.1477-8696.1994.tb05961.x|issn=0043-1656|bibcode=1994Wthr...49..407B}}

The PDS tornado watch shown below was issued on April 27 during the tornado outbreak sequence of April 25–28, 2024.{{cite web |title=Storm Prediction Center PDS Tornado Watch 146 |url=https://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/watch/2024/ww0146.html |access-date=31 March 2023 |website=Storm Prediction Center }}

{{hidden

|PDS tornado watch

| URGENT - IMMEDIATE BROADCAST REQUESTED

Tornado Watch Number 146

NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK

1240 PM CDT Sat Apr 27 2024

The NWS Storm Prediction Center has issued a

* Tornado Watch for portions of

Western Oklahoma

Northwest Texas

* Effective this Saturday afternoon and evening from 1240 PM

until 800 PM CDT.

{{red|...THIS IS A PARTICULARLY DANGEROUS SITUATION...}}

* Primary threats include...

Several tornadoes and a few intense tornadoes likely

Widespread large hail and scattered very large hail events to 3

inches in diameter likely

Widespread damaging winds and isolated significant gusts to 75

mph likely

SUMMARY...Intense thunderstorms are expected to develop this

afternoon along and east of a dryline over western Oklahoma and

northwest Texas. Supercells are expected, capable of very large

hail and damaging winds. The most intense cells may also produce

strong or potentially long-tracked tornadoes.

The tornado watch area is approximately along and 70 statute miles

east and west of a line from 35 miles east northeast of Alva OK to

45 miles southwest of Wichita Falls TX. For a complete depiction of

the watch see the associated watch outline update (WOUS64 KWNS

WOU6).

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

REMEMBER...A Tornado Watch means conditions are favorable for

tornadoes and severe thunderstorms in and close to the watch

area. Persons in these areas should be on the lookout for

threatening weather conditions and listen for later statements

and possible warnings.

&&

OTHER WATCH INFORMATION...CONTINUE...WW 144...WW 145...

AVIATION...Tornadoes and a few severe thunderstorms with hail

surface and aloft to 3 inches. Extreme turbulence and surface wind

gusts to 65 knots. A few cumulonimbi with maximum tops to 500. Mean

storm motion vector 24035.

...Hart

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PDS tornado warnings are currently issued on an experimental basis by the 38 National Weather Service Weather Forecast Offices within the Central Region.{{cite web|url=http://www.crh.noaa.gov/crh/?n=2013_ibw_info |title=Impact Based Warning Experimental Product |publisher=Crh.noaa.gov |access-date=2014-01-22}} The criteria for a PDS warning are when a tornado on the ground has been spotted or confirmed, or a significant tornado is expected based on radar signatures. While the intention of this experimental warning may be to replace the loosely defined tornado emergency, PDS tornado warnings are structured as the second highest level of tornado warning within the impact based warning system (an experiment – which also includes tags within warning products illustrating radar indications or physical observations of tornadoes, and damage potential – participated by the 33 Weather Forecast Offices within the Central Region, as well as eight additional offices within the Western, Eastern and Southern regions that began utilizing the system in the spring of 2014{{Cite web|url=http://www.weather.gov/impacts/|title=Impact Based Warnings|author=National Weather Service|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|access-date=March 12, 2014|date=2014|author-link=National Weather Service}}); a tornado emergency, the highest warning level, is used within the United States for destructive tornadoes approaching more densely populated areas. These are the first warnings issued with PDS wording, and like PDS flash flood watches, are issued by local forecast offices.{{cite web |title=Enhanced Product – Tornado Warnings and Associated Follow-up Statements Modified to Emphasize Impacts, Intensity, and Recommended Actions via Bulleted Messages and Coded Tag Lines |url=http://products.weather.gov/PDD/PDD_CR_IBW_011012.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120413081255/http://products.weather.gov/PDD/PDD_CR_IBW_011012.pdf |archive-date=13 April 2012 |access-date=15 April 2012 |work=NWS}}{{cite news |title='CATASTROPHIC': Experimental Tornado Warnings to be Explicit |url=http://www.accuweather.com/en/weather-news/catastrophic-and-unsurvivable/63553 |work=AccuWeather |date=2012-04-05 |access-date=2014-03-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140313001053/http://www.accuweather.com/en/weather-news/catastrophic-and-unsurvivable/63553 |archive-date=2014-03-13 |url-status=dead }}

Below is an example of a PDS Tornado Warning, issued for the 2021 Naperville–Woodridge tornado on June 20, 2021.

{{hidden

|PDS tornado warning

|

083
WWUS53 KLOT 210416
SVSLOT
Severe Weather Statement
National Weather Service Chicago/Romeoville
1116 PM CDT Sun Jun 20 2021
ILC031-043-197-210445-
/O.CON.KLOT.TO.W.0004.000000T0000Z-210621T0445Z/
Will IL-DuPage IL-Cook IL-
1116 PM CDT Sun Jun 20 2021
...A TORNADO WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 1145 PM CDT FOR
NORTHWESTERN WILL...SOUTHEASTERN DUPAGE AND SOUTH CENTRAL COOK
COUNTIES...
At 1115 PM CDT, a confirmed large and extremely dangerous tornado
was located over Darien, or over far east Woodridge, moving east at
45 mph. Radar confirms debris with this tornado moving over
populated areas.
This is a PARTICULARLY DANGEROUS SITUATION. TAKE COVER NOW!
HAZARD...Damaging tornado.
SOURCE...Radar confirmed tornado.
IMPACT...You are in a life-threatening situation. Flying debris may
be deadly to those caught without shelter. Mobile homes
will be destroyed. Considerable damage to homes,
businesses, and vehicles is likely and complete destruction
is possible.
The tornado will be near...
Burr Ridge, Western Springs and Indian Head Park around 1120 PM
CDT.
Palos Hills, Justice, Summit, Bridgeview, Hickory Hills,
Countryside, Willow Springs and Hodgkins around 1125 PM CDT.
Oak Lawn, Midway Airport, Burbank, Alsip, Chicago Ridge, Palos
Heights, Crestwood and Worth around 1130 PM CDT.
Other locations in the path of this tornadic thunderstorm include
Chicago Lawn, Oak Forest, Ashburn, Evergreen Park and Midlothian.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
To repeat, a large, extremely dangerous and potentially deadly
tornado is on the ground. To protect your life, TAKE COVER NOW! Move
to a basement or an interior room on the lowest floor of a sturdy
building. Avoid windows. If you are outdoors, in a mobile home, or in
a vehicle, move to the closest substantial shelter and protect
yourself from flying debris.
&&
LAT...LON 4166 8817 4178 8811 4180 8769 4151 8778
TIME...MOT...LOC 0415Z 275DEG 41KT 4175 8799
TORNADO...OBSERVED
TORNADO DAMAGE THREAT...CONSIDERABLE
HAIL...<.75IN
OEMC zones...TORNADO WARNING. 8 and 10.
$$
FRIEDLEIN 

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}}{{Update|part=PDS wind chill warning|date=October 2024|reason=PDS Wind Chill Warning should be updated to PDS Extreme Cold Warning (as of October 2024, the NWS has officially renamed this product)}}

PDS wind chill warnings are issued when there is an enhanced risk of frost bite, hypothermia, and eventually death due to extremely low wind chills. These warnings are issued by the National Weather Service Weather Forecast Offices rather than the Storm Prediction Center.

The PDS wind chill warning shown below was issued by the National Weather Service in the Twin Cities on January 5, 2014.{{cite web |url=http://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu/vtec/#2014-O-NEW-KMPX-WC-W-0001/USCOMP-N0Q-201401050000 |title=Iowa Environmental Mesonet NWS Product Archive|date=2014-01-05 |access-date=2014-01-06 |author=National Weather Service}}

{{hidden

|PDS wind chill warning

| 629

WWUS43 KMPX 050957

WSWMPX

URGENT - WINTER WEATHER MESSAGE

NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE TWIN CITIES/CHANHASSEN MN

357 AM CST SUN JAN 5 2014

...HISTORIC AND LIFE-THREATENING COLD AIR HAS ARRIVED...

{{red|...THIS IS A PARTICULARLY DANGEROUS SITUATION...}}

THE COLDEST AIRMASS SINCE 1996 CONTINUES TO MOVE SOUTHEAST OUT

OF CANADA AND INTO MINNESOTA AND WISCONSIN. WIND CHILL VALUES WILL

RANGE BETWEEN 30 AND 45 BELOW TODAY AND CONTINUE TO FALL THROUGH

MONDAY MORNING. AIR TEMPERATURES TONIGHT WILL DROP INTO THE 20S

AND 30S BELOW ZERO. GUSTY WEST OR NORTHWEST WINDS COMBINED WITH

THESE EXTREMELY COLD TEMPERATURES WILL PRODUCE WIND CHILLS OF 50

TO 65 BELOW ZERO LATE TONIGHT AND EARLY MONDAY.

WIND CHILLS COLDER THAN 50 BELOW CAN CAUSE EXPOSED FLESH TO

FREEZE IN ONLY 5 MINUTES. A WIND CHILL WARNING IS IN EFFECT FOR

CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN MINNESOTA AND WEST CENTRAL WISCONSIN THROUGH

NOON TUESDAY.

THE GUSTY WINDS WILL ALSO BRING AREAS OF BLOWING SNOW TO MUCH OF

THE AREA TODAY AND TONIGHT. WHERE GUSTS REACH 35 TO 45 MPH OVER

WESTERN AND SOUTHERN MINNESOTA...VISIBILITIES MAY OCCASIONALLY BE

REDUCED TO LESS THAN A HALF MILE IN NEAR BLIZZARD CONDITIONS. THIS

WILL BRING AN ADDITIONAL LEVEL OF DANGER TO ANYONE STRANDED.

MNZ041-047-048-054>057-064-065-067-073>075-082>085-091>093-052115-

/O.CON.KMPX.WC.W.0001.000000T0000Z-140107T1800Z/

DOUGLAS-STEVENS-POPE-LAC QUI PARLE-SWIFT-CHIPPEWA-KANDIYOHI-

YELLOW MEDICINE-RENVILLE-SIBLEY-REDWOOD-BROWN-NICOLLET-WATONWAN-

BLUE EARTH-WASECA-STEELE-MARTIN-FARIBAULT-FREEBORN-

INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...ALEXANDRIA...MORRIS...GLENWOOD...

MADISON...BENSON...MONTEVIDEO...WILLMAR...GRANITE FALLS...

OLIVIA...GAYLORD...REDWOOD FALLS...NEW ULM...ST. PETER...

ST. JAMES...MANKATO...WASECA...OWATONNA...FAIRMONT...BLUE EARTH...

ALBERT LEA

357 AM CST SUN JAN 5 2014

...WIND CHILL WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL NOON CST TUESDAY...

A WIND CHILL WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL NOON CST TUESDAY.

* {{red|THIS IS A PARTICULARLY DANGEROUS SITUATION!}}

* WIND CHILL VALUES: 35 TO 65 BELOW...WITH THE COLDEST READINGS

TONIGHT AND MONDAY MORNING.

* IMPACTS: EXPOSED FLESH WILL FREEZE IN 10 MINUTES WITH WIND

CHILLS OF 35 BELOW...AND IN 5 MINUTES WITH WIND CHILLS OF 50

BELOW OR COLDER.

* OTHER IMPACTS...WINDS GUSTING BETWEEN 35 AND 45 MPH THIS

AFTERNOON AND TONIGHT WILL LEAD TO BLOWING SNOW WITH

VISIBILITIES OCCASIONALLY DROPPING TO 1/2 MILE OR LESS IN NEAR

BLIZZARD CONDITIONS. SHOULD YOUR VEHICLE BECOME STRANDED...YOUR

LIFE WILL BE AT RISK. CONSIDER POSTPONING ALL TRAVEL.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A WIND CHILL WARNING MEANS THE COMBINATION OF VERY COLD AIR AND

STRONG WINDS WILL CREATE DANGEROUSLY LOW WIND CHILL VALUES. THIS

WILL RESULT IN FROST BITE AND LEAD TO HYPOTHERMIA OR DEATH IF

PRECAUTIONS ARE NOT TAKEN.

&&

$$

MNZ042>045-049>053-058>063-066-068>070-076>078-WIZ014>016-023>028-

052115

/O.CON.KMPX.WC.W.0001.000000T0000Z-140107T1800Z/

TODD-MORRISON-MILLE LACS-KANABEC-STEARNS-BENTON-SHERBURNE-ISANTI-

CHISAGO-MEEKER-WRIGHT-HENNEPIN-ANOKA-RAMSEY-WASHINGTON-MCLEOD-

CARVER-SCOTT-DAKOTA-LE SUEUR-RICE-GOODHUE-POLK-BARRON RUSK-

ST. CROIX-PIERCE-DUNN-PEPIN-CHIPPEWA-EAU CLAIRE-

INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...LONG PRAIRIE...LITTLE FALLS...

PRINCETON...MORA...ST. CLOUD...FOLEY...ELK RIVER...CAMBRIDGE...

CENTER CITY...LITCHFIELD...MONTICELLO...MINNEAPOLIS...BLAINE...

ST. PAUL...STILLWATER...HUTCHINSON...CHASKA...SHAKOPEE...

BURNSVILLE...LE SUEUR...FARIBAULT...RED WING...AMERY...

BALSAM LAKE...RICE LAKE...BARRON...LADYSMITH...HUDSON...

NEW RICHMOND...RIVER FALLS...PRESCOTT...MENOMONIE...BOYCEVILLE...

DURAND...PEPIN...CHIPPEWA FALLS...BLOOMER...EAU CLAIRE...ALTOONA

357 AM CST SUN JAN 5 2014

...WIND CHILL WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL NOON CST TUESDAY...

A WIND CHILL WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL NOON CST TUESDAY.

* {{red|THIS IS A PARTICULARLY DANGEROUS SITUATION!}}

* WIND CHILL VALUES: 35 TO 65 BELOW...WITH THE COLDEST READINGS

TONIGHT AND MONDAY MORNING.

* IMPACTS: EXPOSED FLESH WILL FREEZE IN 10 MINUTES WITH WIND

CHILLS OF 35 BELOW...AND IN 5 MINUTES WITH WIND CHILLS OF 50

BELOW OR COLDER.

* OTHER IMPACTS...AREAS OF BLOWING SNOW ARE POSSIBLE AS WINDS GUST

AS HIGH AS 35 MPH THIS AFTERNOON AND TONIGHT.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A WIND CHILL WARNING MEANS THE COMBINATION OF VERY COLD AIR AND

STRONG WINDS WILL CREATE DANGEROUSLY LOW WIND CHILL VALUES. THIS

WILL RESULT IN FROST BITE AND LEAD TO HYPOTHERMIA OR DEATH IF

PRECAUTIONS ARE NOT TAKEN.

&&

$$

BORGHOFF

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While the use of PDS wording for other types of watches and warnings has not been used, PDS wording could theoretically be applied to any kind of watch or warning to alert the public to weather events where there exists an increased risk of loss of life or widespread damage to property. Such situations could include PDS watches or warnings for blizzards, ice storms, or extreme heat.

{{US government sources|agency=National Weather Service}}

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