peer-to-peer carsharing

Peer-to-peer carsharing is a form of person-to-person lending or collaborative consumption, as part of the sharing economy.{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tHe7DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA102|title=The Sharing Economy and the Relevance for Transport|page=102|editor-last=Fishman|editor-first=Elliot|publisher=Academic Press|year=2019|isbn=978-0-12-816210-1|via=Google Books}} The business model is closely aligned with traditional car clubs such as Streetcar or Zipcar (est. in 2000),{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=raJ5AAAAQBAJ&pg=PT191|title=Making in America: From Innovation to Market|last=Berger|first=Suzanne|page=191|publisher=MIT Press|year=2013|isbn=9780262019910|via=Google Books}} but replaces a typical fleet with a ‘virtual’ fleet made up of vehicles from participating owners.{{cite web|url=https://som.yale.edu/news/news/online-rental-markets-are-thriving|title=Online Rental Markets Are Thriving|publisher=Yale School of Management|date=December 8, 2010|access-date=July 19, 2019}} With peer-to-peer carsharing, participating car owners are able to charge a fee to rent out their vehicles when they are not using them (cars are driven only 8% percent of the time on average).{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/ilyapozin/2012/07/19/10-greatest-industry-disrupting-startups-of-2012/|title=10 Greatest Industry-Disrupting Startups of 2012|last=Pozin|first=Ilya|work=Forbes|date=July 19, 2012|access-date=July 19, 2019}}

Participating renters can access nearby and affordable vehicles and pay only for the time they need to use them.{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/meshwhyfutureofb00gans|url-access=registration|title=The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing|last=Gansky|first=Lisa|publisher=Penguin|year=2010|page=[https://archive.org/details/meshwhyfutureofb00gans/page/146 146]|isbn=9781101464618|via=Internet Archive}}{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=twKF_sjVIe4C&pg=PA5|title=The Rise of Collaborative Consumption on the Example of Couchsurfing|last=Karmann|first=Markus|page=5|publisher=GRIN Verlag|year=2011|isbn=9783656189190|via=Google Books}} In 2011, an American research company Frost & Sullivan calculated that an average Getaround renter saved over $1,800 per year by using a car-sharing service over owning a car for the same number of miles driven.{{cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/getaround-connects-car-owners-and-renters-with-p2p-marketplace-2011-6|title=GetAround Connects Car Owners And Renters With P2P Marketplace|publisher=Business Insider|date=June 7, 2011|access-date=July 19, 2019}} In 2014, the United States House Committee on Small Business stated that “buyers pay less than they would without the service, and sellers earn more--if only because they often would not be able to bring their service to market without the peer-to-peer platform.”{{cite web|url=https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CHRG-113hhrg86266/html/CHRG-113hhrg86266.htm|title=The Power of Connection: Peer-to-peer Businesses|date=January 15, 2014|publisher=United States House Committee on Small Business|access-date=July 19, 2019}}

Businesses within this sector screen participants (both owners and renters) and offer a technical platform, usually in the form of a website and mobile app, that brings these parties together, manages rental bookings and collects payment. Businesses take between 25% and 40% of the total income, which covers borrower/renter insurance, operating expenses, and roadside assistance. In return they provide roadside assistance, customer service and vets renters with DMV checks.{{cite web|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/autos/sc-auto-cover-0830-car-sharing-overview-20180827-story.html|title=With carsharing, your car can make – instead of cost – you money|last=Duffer|first=Robert|newspaper=Chicago Tribune|date=August 29, 2018|access-date=November 6, 2019}}

As with person-to-person lending, the Internet and the adoption of location-based services as well as the spread of mobile technology have contributed to the growth of peer-to-peer carsharing.{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/wordofmouse101tr0000ostr|url-access=registration|title=Word of Mouse: 101+ Trends in How We Buy, Sell, Live, Learn, Work, and Play|last=Ostrofsky|first=Marc|page=[https://archive.org/details/wordofmouse101tr0000ostr/page/113 113]|publisher=Simon and Schuster|year=2013|isbn=9781451668421|via=Internet Archive}} Also, millennials are less attracted to car ownership as previous generations.{{cite web|url= https://www.foxbusiness.com/small-business/dont-want-to-own-a-car-rent-your-neighbors|title=Don't want to buy a car? Rent your neighbor's|last=Bell|first=Linda|publisher=Fox Business|date=May 11, 2019|access-date=November 6, 2019}}

Although many personal auto insurers in the U.S. exclude coverage for commercial use of insured vehicles either through a livery and public transportation exclusion or a specific "personal vehicle sharing program" exclusion,[http://www.irmi.com/online/prmi/ch006/1l06j000/al6j1400.aspx International Risk Management Institute - Personal Vehicle Sharing Program Exclusion Endorsement] In 2011, California was the first U.S. state to pass Assembly Bill 1871, which allowed private car sharing.{{cite web|url=https://www.austinchronicle.com/news/2013-03-15/sidecar-to-city-have-app-will-travel-to-court/|title=SideCar to City: Have App, Will Travel ... to Court|last=Whittaker|first=Richard|publisher=The Austin Chronicle|date=March 15, 2013|access-date=July 19, 2019}} Several other states in the U.S. have passed legislation allowing individuals to share their cars without risk of losing their personal car insurance. These include California, Oregon,{{cite web |title=Oregon House Paves Road for Peer-to-Peer Car Sharing |url=https://www.oregonlegislature.gov/housedemocrats/Documents/hdo_032111.pdf |access-date=July 19, 2019 |website=www.oregonlegislature.gov}} Washington, Maryland,{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/christopherelliott/2018/10/13/the-war-between-car-sharing-and-rental-companies-just-escalated-heres-why-you-should-care/|title=The War Between Car Sharing And Rental Companies Just Escalated. Here's Why You Should Care|last=Elliott|first=Christopher|work=Forbes|date=October 13, 2018|access-date=July 19, 2019}} and Colorado.{{cite web|url=https://leg.colorado.gov/bills/sb19-090|title=Peer-to-peer Motor Vehicle Sharing Program|publisher=Colorado General Assembly|date=May 30, 2019|access-date=November 6, 2019}}

In the U.S., New York is the only state that does not allow peer-to-peer car rental because the owner cannot exclude him or herself from liability to a renter.{{citation needed|date=July 2019}}

Peer-to-peer car sharing has the potential to reduce the number of vehicles on the road and lower pollution levels.{{cite journal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8TZWAAAAMAAJ|journal=Solar Today|page=77|title=Solar Today|publisher=American Solar Energy Society|year=2002|via=Google Books}}

{{colbegin|colwidth=20em}}

• Carsharing
• Car pooling
• Collaborative consumption
• Person-to-person lending
• Sharing economy
• Shared transport
• Sustainable transportation
• Peer-to-peer renting

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{{Sharing economy}}

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Category:Carsharing

Category:Peer-to-peer