pegaspargase

{{Short description|Pharmaceutical drug}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}

{{Infobox drug

| Verifiedfields = changed

| verifiedrevid = 458268975

| image = Pegaspargasa.png

| alt =

| tradename = Oncaspar

| Drugs.com = {{drugs.com|monograph|pegaspargase}}

| pronounce = {{IPAc-en|p|ə|ˈ|ɡ|æ|s|p|ər|ɡ|eɪ|z}}

| MedlinePlus = a695031

| DailyMedID = Pegaspargase

| pregnancy_AU = D

| pregnancy_category =

| routes_of_administration = Intramuscular, intravenous

| ATC_prefix = L01

| ATC_suffix = XX24

| ATC_supplemental =

| legal_AU = S4

| legal_AU_comment = {{cite web | title=Prescription medicines: registration of new chemical entities in Australia, 2017 | website=Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) | date=21 June 2022 | url=https://www.tga.gov.au/resources/publication/publications/prescription-medicines-registration-new-chemical-entities-australia-2017 | access-date=9 April 2023}}{{cite web | title=Prescription medicines and biologicals: TGA annual summary 2017 | website=Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) | date=21 June 2022 | url=https://www.tga.gov.au/resources/publication/publications/prescription-medicines-and-biologicals-tga-annual-summary-2017 | access-date=31 March 2024}}

| legal_CA = Rx-only

| legal_CA_comment = {{cite web | title=Cancer therapies | website=Health Canada | date=8 May 2018 | url=https://www.canada.ca/en/services/health/drug-health-products/drug-medical-device-highlights-2017/approved-drugs/cancer-therapies.html | access-date=13 April 2024}}

| legal_UK =

| legal_US = Rx-only

| legal_EU = Rx-only

| legal_EU_comment = {{cite web | title=Oncaspar EPAR | website=European Medicines Agency (EMA) | url=https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/oncaspar | access-date=21 January 2021}}

| legal_status =

| bioavailability =

| protein_bound =

| metabolism =

| elimination_half-life =

| excretion =

| CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}}

| CAS_number = 130167-69-0

| PubChem =

| DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}}

| DrugBank = DB00059

| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|changed|chemspider}}

| ChemSpiderID = none

| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}

| UNII = 7D96IR0PPM

| KEGG = D05387

| ChEMBL = 2108546

| IUPAC_name = Pegylated E. coli L-asparagine amidohydrolase

| C=1377 | H=2208 | N=382 | O=442 | S=17

}}

Pegaspargase, sold under the brand name Oncaspar, is a medication used in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).{{cite journal |author=Graham ML |title=Pegaspargase: a review of clinical studies |journal=Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. |volume=55 |issue=10 |pages=1293–302 |year=2003 |pmid=14499708 |doi=10.1016/S0169-409X(03)00110-8}} Often it is used together with anthracycline, vincristine, and corticosteroids (for example prednisone and dexamethasone). Pegaspargase can be administered either via an intravenous infusion or a intramuscular injection.

Known side effects include allergic reactions, coagulopathy, high blood sugar, affecting liver function, pancreas inflammation, and blood clots in the brain. There is no data regarding the usage of pegaspargase during pregnancy.{{cite web |title=Pegaspargase (Oncaspar) Use During Pregnancy |url=https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/pegaspargase.html |website=Drugs.com |access-date=11 October 2019 }} Therefore, caution should be observed and pegaspargase should only be used during pregnancy when the benefits outweigh the possible risks.

Pegaspargase is a modified version of the enzyme asparaginase which has undergone PEGylation.{{cite web|url=http://cancer.unm.edu/drug_dictionary.aspx?id=818 |title=UNM Cancer Center |access-date=2007-08-28 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060903055152/http://cancer.unm.edu/drug_dictionary.aspx?id=818 |archive-date=September 3, 2006 }} It works by breaking down the amino acid asparagine that are circulating in the bloodstream. The circulating asparagine is essential for the cancer cells to enable growth since they can't produce their own, in contrast to normal cells.{{Cite web |title=DailyMed - oncaspar- pegaspargase injection, solution for intramuscular and intravenous use |url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=d046ec54-9ac8-4c9f-87a7-69e9900d8016 |access-date=2022-09-25 |website=dailymed.nlm.nih.gov}} The normal cells are therefore less affected by pegaspargase.

Pegaspargase was approved for medical use in the United States in 1994.{{cite web |title=Pegaspargase Monograph for Professionals |url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/pegaspargase.html |website=Drugs.com |access-date=11 October 2019 }} It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.{{cite book | vauthors = ((World Health Organization)) | title = World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019 | year = 2019 | hdl = 10665/325771 | author-link = World Health Organization | publisher = World Health Organization | location = Geneva | id = WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO | hdl-access=free }} It is made by Sigma-Tau.