pharmaceutical sales representative
{{Short description|Salespeople employed by pharmaceutical companies}}
Pharmaceutical sales representatives or Medical sales respresentatives{{cite web |title=Medical sales representative |url=https://www.prospects.ac.uk/job-profiles/medical-sales-representative |publisher=© Copyright Jisc. |access-date=7 August 2024 |date=2024 |quote=As a medical sales representative (widely referred to as reps), you'll sell your company's products, which include medicines, prescription drugs and medical equipment, to a variety of customers including GPs, hospital doctors, pharmacists and nurses. You'll work strategically to increase the awareness and use of your company's pharmaceutical and medical products.}} are salespeople employed by pharmaceutical companies to persuade doctors to prescribe their drugs to patients. Drug companies in the United States spend ~$5 billion annually sending representatives to doctors,{{cite journal|title=Following the Script: How Drug Reps Make Friends and Influence Doctors|journal=PLOS Medicine|volume=4|issue=4|pages=e150|author1=Adriane Fugh-Berman |author2=Shahram Ahari |date=April 24, 2007|publisher=Public Library of Science|doi=10.1371/journal.pmed.0040150|pmid=17455991|pmc=1876413 |doi-access=free }} to provide product information, answer questions on product use, and deliver product samples. These interactions are governed according to limits established by the Code on Interactions with Health Care Professionals, created by the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA). This code came into practice in 2002 and has since been updated to help define ethical interactions between health care professionals and the pharmaceutical companies {{cite web|url=https://health.usnews.com/health-care/patient-advice/articles/2018-08-31/do-drug-company-payments-to-doctors-influence-which-drugs-they-prescribe|title=Do Drug Company Payments to Doctors Influence Which Drugs They Prescribe?|last=Howley|first=E.|publisher=health.usnews.com|access-date=11 Feb 2020|archive-date=2019-12-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205061350/https://health.usnews.com/health-care/patient-advice/articles/2018-08-31/do-drug-company-payments-to-doctors-influence-which-drugs-they-prescribe|url-status=live}}
Companies maintain this provides an educational service by keeping doctors updated on the latest changes in medical science. Critics point to a systematic use of gifts and personal information to befriend doctors to influence their drug prescriptions. In the United Kingdom representatives are governed by a strict code of conduct from the Association of British Pharmaceutical Industries (ABPI). No gifts are allowed. Companies are fined and held in breach if they use the tactics described in this description.
Methods
Doctors can receive small gifts, such as free dinners, event or travel tickets, clocks, free drug samples and swag{{cite web|url=http://www.businessweek.com/stories/2006-10-22/online-extra-cracking-down-on-pharma-swag|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503215138/http://www.businessweek.com/stories/2006-10-22/online-extra-cracking-down-on-pharma-swag|url-status=dead|archive-date=May 3, 2014|title=Online Extra: Cracking Down on Pharma Swag|last=Weintraub|first=Arlene|date=October 22, 2006|publisher=businessweek.com|access-date=8 July 2013}} like pens, paper pads, and office toys with company logos.{{r|DrugRush}} Controversial inducements include jobs offers for the drug company, consulting / speaking fees,{{cite web|url=https://www.propublica.org/article/lawsuits-say-pharma-illegally-paid-doctors-to-push-their-drugs|title=Lawsuits Say Pharma Illegally Paid Doctors to Push Their Drugs|last=Ornstein|first=Charles|author2=Tracy Weber|date=Oct 18, 2010|publisher=propublica.org|access-date=8 July 2013|archive-date=9 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130709100007/http://www.propublica.org/article/lawsuits-say-pharma-illegally-paid-doctors-to-push-their-drugs|url-status=live}} and all-expense-paid travel to resorts{{cite web|url=http://www.scu.edu/ethics/publications/submitted/morreim/prescribing.html|title=Prescribing Under the Influence|last=Haavi Morreim|first=E.|publisher=scu.edu|access-date=8 July 2013|archive-date=6 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130706125600/http://www.scu.edu/ethics/publications/submitted/morreim/prescribing.html|url-status=live}} and exotic locations where attendance is limited or not mandatory.{{cite web|url=https://projects.propublica.org/docdollars/|title=Dollars for Docs: How Industry Dollars Reach Your Doctors|last=Merrill|first=Jeremy|author2=Charles Ornstein, Tracy Weber, Sisi Wei and Dan Nguyen|date=June 24, 2013|access-date=8 July 2013|archive-date=8 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130708062912/http://projects.propublica.org/docdollars/|url-status=live}}
Pharmaceutical Representative is a trade journal featuring common sales tactics such as how to close a tough sale by flattering a stubborn doctor.[http://pharmrep.findpharma.com/ pharmrep.findpharma.com] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111130082848/http://pharmrep.findpharma.com/ |date=2011-11-30 }} Along with flattery, the attractiveness of sales reps has been noted, with a trend of former cheerleaders entering the field. Researchers stated that "seduction appeared to be a deliberate industry strategy", and in informal survey by a doctor found that 12 out of 13 women sales reps said they had been sexually harassed by doctors.{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/11/28/business/28cheer.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0|title=Gimme an Rx! Cheerleaders Pep Up Drug Sales|last=Saul|first=Stephanie|date=November 28, 2005|work=New York Times|access-date=8 July 2013|archive-date=29 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329000650/http://www.nytimes.com/2005/11/28/business/28cheer.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0|url-status=live}}
=Me-too drugs=
Sales reps push new "follow on" or "me-too" drugs with free samples{{Cite web| url=https://www.propublica.org/article/vying-for-market-share-companies-heavily-promote-me-too-drugs| title=Vying for Market Share, Companies Heavily Promote 'Me Too' Drugs| date=2015-01-07| access-date=2018-07-02| archive-date=2018-07-03| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180703050520/https://www.propublica.org/article/vying-for-market-share-companies-heavily-promote-me-too-drugs| url-status=live}}[https://www.who.int/intellectualproperty/topics/ip/Me-tooDrugs_Hollis1.pdf Me-too drugs]WHO {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111215524/https://www.who.int/intellectualproperty/topics/ip/Me-tooDrugs_Hollis1.pdf |date=2020-11-11 }} that are more expensive than existing generic drugs, such as Nexium which costs three times as much as its predecessor Prilosec, with no evidence of improved efficacy.{{cite web|url=http://stanmed.stanford.edu/2005summer/drugs-metoo.html|title=Me-too drugs|last=Spector|first=Rosanne|year=2005|publisher=Stanford Medicine Magazine|access-date=8 July 2013|archive-date=4 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004233353/http://stanmed.stanford.edu/2005summer/drugs-metoo.html|url-status=dead}} With beta-blockers and statins, me-too drugs have improved results, and increased competition while lowering prices.{{cite web|url=http://www.pharmainfo.net/reviews/me-too-drugs-good-or-bad|title=Me-Too Drugs : Good or Bad?|last=Murti|first=Yogesh|date= 7 May 2008|work=pharmainfo.net|access-date=8 July 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130708063230/http://www.pharmainfo.net/reviews/me-too-drugs-good-or-bad|archive-date=8 July 2013}} As me-too drugs are similar but new, their side effects can be unknown and not well understood. Pharmaceutical marketing / reps assert a me-too drug may work better than another, but they "don’t test their me-too drugs in people who have not done well with an earlier drug of the same class."{{cite web|url=https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2004/09/truth-about-drug-companies|title=The Truth About Drug Companies|last=Meredith|first=Peter|date=Sep 7, 2004|publisher=motherjones.com|access-date=8 July 2013|archive-date=9 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130709221424/http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2004/09/truth-about-drug-companies|url-status=live}}
Laws
In 1990, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) passed laws banning "gifts of substantial value" of drug companies to doctors, however this has changed the gifts from objects to meals and travel.{{cite web|url=http://www.nofreelunch.org/faqs.htm|title=FAQs|publisher=nofreelunch.org|access-date=29 October 2014|archive-date=10 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181110102357/http://www.nofreelunch.org/faqs.htm|url-status=dead}}
In 2006, New Hampshire forbid the sale of prescription data to commercial entities.{{Cite web|author=Paul C. Remus|url=https://www.thefreelibrary.com/First-in-the-nation+law+pits+N.H.+against+drug+industry.-a0155402582|title=First-in-the-nation law pits N.H. against drug industry. |work= New Hampshire Business Review |publisher=Yankee Publishing|date=November 10, 2006|access-date=10 November 2023 |via=TheFreeLibrary}}[http://www.gencourt.state.nh.us/legislation/2006/HB1346.html gencourt.state.nh.us] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100306173001/http://www.gencourt.state.nh.us/legislation/2006/HB1346.html |date=2010-03-06 }} Chapter 328 – HB 1346 – Final Version
Encountering ill-informed reps at his practice Dr. Dan Foster, a West Virginia surgeon and lawmaker, introduced a bill to require reps to have science degrees. While it did not pass, it led to a disclosure of minimum hiring requirements.
Alternatives
In Australia the government funds academic detailers that are impartial medical students who provide drug information to medical professionals.{{cite web|url=http://www.washingtonmonthly.com/features/2000/0005.pomper.html|title=Drug Rush|last=Pomper|first=Stephen|date=May 2000|publisher=The Washington Monthly|access-date=3 December 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204040615/http://www.washingtonmonthly.com/features/2000/0005.pomper.html|archive-date=4 February 2012}}
See also
- Bad Pharma (2012) by Ben Goldacre
- Big Pharma (2006) by Jacky Law
- Me-too compound
- Pharmaceutical companies
- Pharmaceutical marketing
- Ethics in pharmaceutical sales
- Sales techniques
References
{{reflist}}
Further reading
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20120204040615/http://www.washingtonmonthly.com/features/2000/0005.pomper.html Drug Rush] – Why the prescription drug market is unsafe at high speeds
- Carlat, Daniel. [https://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/25/magazine/25memoir-t.html?_r=1 "Dr. Drug Rep"], New York Times magazine, 25 November 2007.
{{Pharmaceutical industry in the United Kingdom}}
{{Pharmaceutical industry in the United States}}
{{Pharmaceutical industry by country}}
{{Public health}}
{{Medicine}}
{{Authority control}}