pit connection
In algal anatomy, a pit connection is a hole in the septum between two algal cells, and is found only in multicellular red algae − specifically in the subphylum Eurhodophytina, except haploid Bangiales.{{citation|author=lee, R.E.|title=Phycology, 4th edition|year=2008|isbn=978-0-521-63883-8|publisher=Cambridge University Press|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/phycology00robe}} They are often stoppered with proteinaceous "pit plugs". By contrast, many fungi (only ascomycetes and basidiomycetes, as most other groups lack septa) contain septal pores − an unrelated phenomenon.
Characteristics
A sieve-like membrane may cover the pit in living algae, but in the majority of algae a plug forms, they likely limit the transfer of metabolites between neighbouring cells.
Formation
Primary pit connections are formed between cells in the same filament, derived from the same parent cell by its division. Such connections are always single, and usually circular; this is a result of their method of formation. The septum is formed as the walls of a filament grow inwards, dividing the cell; this results in a hole in the middle of the tube where the walls don't quite merge. Thus pit connections are visible in the youngest of septa, widening as the septum thickens, until in some cases they may ultimately occupy the entire septum.
Secondary connections, by contrast, occur between unrelated cells, and serve a role in transferring cell contents and nutrients. They may even form between cells of different species, as in the parasite Holmsella.
References
{{reflist|refs=
| author = Clinton J. Dawes
| author2 = Scott, Flora M. |author3=Bowler, E.
| year = 1961
| title = A Light- and Electron-Microscopic Survey of Algal Cell Walls. I. Phaeophyta and Rhodophyta
| journal = American Journal of Botany
| volume = 48
| issue = 10
| pages = 925–934
| doi = 10.2307/2439535
| postscript = .
| jstor = 2439535
}}
| doi = 10.2307/3758285
| author = Ellis, T.T. |author2=Reynolds, D.R. |author3=Alexopoulos, C.J.
| journal = Mycologia
| volume = 65
| issue = 5
| pages = 1028–1035
| year = 1973
| title = Hulle Cell Development in Emericella nidulans
| jstor = 3758285
| postscript = .
}}
| author = Turner, C. H. C. |author2=Evans, L. V.
| year = 1978
| title = Translocation of photoassimilated 14C in the red alga Polysiphonia lanosa
| journal = European Journal of Phycology
| volume = 13
| issue = 1
| pages = 51–55
| doi = 10.1080/00071617800650061
| url = http://www.informaworld.com/index/771027465.pdf
}}
}}
External links
- Transverse SEM images of pit connections in the coralline Synarthrophyton can be seen in Figs. 54 & 60 in {{Citation
| doi = 10.1080/09541449710001719375
| author1 = Keats, D. W
| author2 = Chamberlain, Y. M
| title = The non-geniculate coralline algae Synarthrophyton eckloniae (Foslie) comb. nov. and S. magellanicum (Foslie) comb. nov. (Rhodophyta) in South Africa including comparison with relevant types
| journal = European Journal of Phycology
| volume = 32
| issue = 1
| pages = 55–79
| year = 1997
| doi-access = free
}}
- (Lower quality) transverse SEM images of pit connections in the coralline Phymatolithon are available on page 138 at {{Cite journal | last1 = Johnson | first1 = C. | last2 = Mann | first2 = K. | title = The crustose coralline alga, Phymatolithon Foslie, inhibits the overgrowth of seaweeds without relying on herbivores | journal = Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology | volume = 96 | issue = 2 | pages = 127–146 | year = 1986 | doi = 10.1016/0022-0981(86)90238-8 }}.
{{Protist structures}}