post-Zionism
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{{Short description|Idea that Zionism fulfilled its ideological mission with the establishment of Israel}}
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Post-Zionism is the opinion of some Israelis, diaspora Jews and others, particularly in academia, that Zionism fulfilled its ideological mission with the formation of the modern State of Israel in 1948, and that Zionist ideology should therefore be considered at an end. The Jewish right also use the term to refer to the Israeli Left in light of the Oslo Accords of 1993 and 1995. Some critics associate post-Zionism with anti-Zionism; proponents strenuously deny this association.[http://www.haaretz.co.il/misc/1.734630] {{in lang|he}}
Hebrew Universalism
Hebrew Universalism is a post-Zionist philosophy developed initially by Rav Abraham Kook{{Cite web |title=The Teachings of Rav. Kook: Nationalism vs Universalism - Part 1 - L'Emunat Iteinu vol.I (13/07/16) |url=https://machonmeir.net/shiurim/13371/ |access-date=2024-06-01 |website=Machon Meir English Department |language=en-US}} and expanded upon by Israeli settler activist Rav Yehuda HaKohen, as well as the Vision Movement.{{Cite web |title=Home - VISION |url=https://visionmovement.org/,%20https://visionmovement.org/ |access-date=2024-06-01 |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |last=LAVI |date=2022-11-03 |title=Foundations of Hebrew Universalism {{!}} VISION {{!}} Rav Gavriel Reiss |url=https://visionmag.org/foundations-hebrew-universalism/ |access-date=2024-06-01 |website=VISION |language=en-US}}
The philosophy attempts to synthesize "three forces" defined by Kook in his 1920 book, Lights of Rebirth. The three forces being: "The Holy" (Orthodox Jews), "The Nation" (secular Jewish Zionists), and "The Humanist" (General Humanism). Kook believed that through his philosophy anti-Zionists, Orthodox Jews, and secular nationalists could work together in Israel.{{Cite journal |last=Dosetareh |first=Eliott |date=8 August 202 |title=Hebrew Universalism: The Future Vision of Rav Kook |url=https://www.yu.edu/sites/default/files/inline-files/Thesis-%20Hebrew%20Universalism-%20The%20Future%20Vision%20of%20Rav%20Kook.pdf |journal=Straus Scholars Program Thesis: Yeshiva University |issue=1 |pages=4–6}}
The current ideology, as espoused by the Vision Movement and HaKohen, draws inspiration from Natan Yellin-Mor, Rav Abraham Kook, Canaanism, Avraham Stern, anti-Zionist critics, and the left wing Semitic Action group.{{Cite web |last=Action |first=Semitic |date=2019-03-08 |title=The Story of Natan Yellin-Mor (Gera) {{!}} VISION Magazine |url=https://visionmag.org/story-natan-yellin-mor/ |access-date=2024-06-01 |website=VISION |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |last=Podcast |first=The Next Stage |date=2022-01-27 |title=Sternism as a Jewish Liberation Tendency {{!}} VISION {{!}} The Next Stage |url=https://visionmag.org/sternism-jewish-liberation-tendency/ |access-date=2024-06-01 |website=VISION |language=en-US}}
Criticism
Post-Zionism has been criticized by Shlomo Avineri as a polite recasting of anti-Zionism, and therefore a deceptive term.{{cite news |title=Post-Zionism doesn't exist |author=Shlomo Avineri |date=2007-07-06 |newspaper=Haaretz |url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/878936.html |access-date=2010-11-14}} Some right-wing Israelis have accused Jewish post-Zionists of being self-hating Jews.{{Cite news
| last = Strenger
| first = Carlo
| title = Zionism? Post-Zionism? Just give arguments
| work = Haaretz
| access-date = 2018-09-19
| date = 2007-12-20
| url = https://www.haaretz.com/1.4967935
}}
See also
References
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External links
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20050502020845/http://www.palisad.org/papers/ehrich1.htm The Idea of Post-Zionism and its critique] by Avishai Ehrich.
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20070927001820/http://www.wzo.org.il/en/resources/expand_subject.asp?s=Post-Zionism&id=189 Resources and articles on Post-Zionism] from the World Zionist Organization, tends to be critical.
- [http://www.australianreview.net/digest/2003/09/white.html Grappling with Post-Zionism] by Paul J. White
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20060323023845/http://www.ourjerusalem.com/hotnews/story/hotnews20020903a.html PLO Financed Academic Fraud at the University of Haifa], Dr. Aaron Lerner IMRA September 1, 2002
- [http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/ShArt.jhtml?itemNo=76007&contrassID=2&subContrassID=14&sbSubContrassID=0&listSrc=Y Post-Zionism only rings once] by Neri Livneh from Haaretz
- [http://acheret.co.il/en/?cmd=articles.312 The Love of Israel: After Post-Zionism], [https://archive.today/20121205093809/http://acheret.co.il/en Eretz Acheret] Magazine
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