potassium bicarbonate

{{chembox

| Verifiedfields = changed

| Watchedfields = changed

| verifiedrevid = 472266252

| Name = Potassium bicarbonate

| ImageFile = Potassium bicarbonate.svg

| ImageName = Potassium bicarbonate

| IUPACName = potassium hydrogencarbonate

| OtherNames = potassium hydrogencarbonate, potassium acid carbonate

|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers

| CASNo = 298-14-6

| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}

| Beilstein = 4535309

| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}

| ChEBI = 81862

| ChEMBL = 2106975

| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}

| ChemSpiderID = 55053

| DrugBank = DB11098

| EINECS = 206-059-0

| KEGG = C18606

| PubChem = 516893

| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}

| UNII = HM5Z15LEBN

| InChI = 1/CH2O3.K/c2-1(3)4;/h(H2,2,3,4);/q;+1/p-1

| InChIKey = TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-REWHXWOFAA

| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}

| StdInChI = 1S/CH2O3.K/c2-1(3)4;/h(H2,2,3,4);/q;+1/p-1

| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}

| StdInChIKey = TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M

| SMILES = [K+].[O-]C(=O)O

}}

|Section2={{Chembox Properties

| Formula = KHCO₃

| Appearance = white crystals

| Odor = odorless

| MolarMass = 100.115 g/mol

| Density = 2.17 g/cm³

| Solubility = 22.4 g/100 mL (20 °C)

| SolubleOther = practically insoluble in alcohol

| MeltingPtC = 292

| MeltingPt_notes = (decomposes)

| pKa = 10.329{{cite book|last1=Goldberg|first1=Robert N.|last2=Kishore|first2=Nand|last3=Lennen|first3=Rebecca M.|editor=David R. Lide|title=CRC handbook of chemistry and physics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q2qJId5TKOkC&pg=PP9|access-date=6 March 2011|edition=84th|year=2003|publisher=CRC Press|location=Boca Raton, FL|isbn=978-0-8493-0595-5|pages=7–13|contribution=Thermodynamic quantities for the ionization reactions of buffers in water}}

6.351 (carbonic acid)

}}

|Section5={{Chembox Thermochemistry

| DeltaHf = −963.2 kJ/mol

}}

|Section6={{Chembox Pharmacology

| ATCCode_prefix = A12

| ATCCode_suffix = BA04

}}

|Section7={{Chembox Hazards

| ExternalSDS = [http://msds.ehs.cornell.edu/msds/msdsdod/a495/m247034.htm MSDS]

| MainHazards =

| NFPA-H = 1

| NFPA-F = 0

| NFPA-R = 0

| FlashPt = Non-Flammable

| Hazards_ref={{cite web |title=Potassium bicarbonate |url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/516893#section=Safety-and-Hazards |website=pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov |language=en}}

| GHSPictograms = {{GHS07}}

| GHSSignalWord = Warning

| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|315|319|335}}

| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|261|264|280|302+352|304+340|305+351+338|312|332+313|362|403+233|405}}

| LD50 = > 2000 mg/kg (rat, oral)

}}

|Section8={{Chembox Related

| OtherAnions = Potassium carbonate

| OtherCations = Sodium bicarbonate
Ammonium bicarbonate

| OtherCompounds = Potassium bisulfate
Monopotassium phosphate
Dipotassium phosphate

}}

Potassium bicarbonate (IUPAC name: potassium hydrogencarbonate, also known as potassium acid carbonate) is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula KHCO₃. It is a white solid.{{cite encyclopedia|author=H. Schultz |author2=G. Bauer |author3=E. Schachl |author4=F. Hagedorn |author5=P. Schmittinger |title=Potassium Compounds|encyclopedia=Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry|year=2005|publisher=Wiley-VCH|location=Weinheim|doi=10.1002/14356007.a22_039|isbn=3-527-30673-0}}

File:Potassium bicarbonate purple-K.jpg

Production and reactivity

It is manufactured by treating an aqueous solution of potassium carbonate or potassium hydroxide with carbon dioxide:

:K₂CO₃ + CO₂ + H₂O → 2 KHCO₃

Decomposition of the bicarbonate occurs between {{convert|100|and|120|C}}:

:2 KHCO₃ → K₂CO₃ + CO₂ + H₂O

This reaction is employed to prepare high purity potassium carbonate.

Uses

=Food and drink=

This compound is a source of carbon dioxide for leavening in baking. It can substitute for baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) for those with a low-sodium diet,{{cite web |title=Potassium Bicarbonate |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/academic-and-educational-journals/potassium-bicarbonate |website=encyclopedia.com |publisher=Cengage |access-date=May 29, 2020}} and it is an ingredient in low-sodium baking powders.{{cite web |title=Home cooking with less salt |url=https://www.health.harvard.edu/heart-health/home-cooking-with-less-salt |website=harvard.edu |date=March 2020 |publisher=Harvard University |access-date=May 29, 2020}}{{cite web |last1=Wilkens |first1=Katy G. |title=You Have the (Baking) Power with Low-Sodium Baking Powders |url=https://www.agingkingcounty.org/2018/12/14/you-have-the-baking-power-with-low-sodium-baking-powders/ |website=agingkingcounty.org |date=15 December 2018 |publisher=Aging & Disability Services for Seattle & King County |access-date=May 29, 2020}}

As an inexpensive, nontoxic base, it is widely used in diverse application to regulate pH or as a reagent. Examples include as buffering agent in medications, an additive in winemaking.

Potassium bicarbonate is often added to bottled water to improve taste,{{cite web | url = https://time.com/3029191/bottled-water-ingredients-nutrition-health/ | title = Why Your Bottled Water Contains Four Different Ingredients | publisher = Time Magazine | date = July 24, 2014}} and is also used in club soda.

=Medical uses and health=

Higher potassium intake may prevent development of kidney stone disease.{{cite journal | vauthors=He FJ, MacGregor GA | title=Beneficial effects of potassium on human health | journal=Physiologia Plantarum | volume=133 | issue=4 | pages=725–735 | year=2008 | doi = 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2007.01033.x | pmid=18724413}} Higher potassium intake is associated with a reduced risk of stroke.{{cite journal | vauthors=Vinceti M, Filippini T, Orsini N | title=Meta-Analysis of Potassium Intake and the Risk of Stroke | journal=Journal of the American Heart Association | volume=5 | issue=10 | pages=e004210 | year=2016 | doi = 10.1161/JAHA.116.004210 | pmc=5121516 | pmid=27792643}}

=Fire extinguishers=

Potassium bicarbonate is used as a fire suppression agent ("BC dry chemical") in some dry chemical fire extinguishers, as the principal component of the Purple-K dry chemical, and in some applications of condensed aerosol fire suppression. It is the only dry chemical fire suppression agent recognized by the U.S. National Fire Protection Association for firefighting at airport crash rescue sites. It is about twice as effective in fire suppression as sodium bicarbonate.{{cite web |url=http://www.nrl.navy.mil/content.php?P=PURPLEK |title=Purple-K-Powder |publisher=US Naval Research Laboratory |access-date=8 February 2012 |archive-date=15 February 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090215131044/http://www.nrl.navy.mil/content.php?P=PURPLEK }}

=Agriculture=

Potassium bicarbonate has widespread use in crops, especially for neutralizing acidic soil.{{cite web | url = http://www.armandproducts.com/pdfs/potbivs6.pdf | title = Potassium Bicarbonate Handbook | publisher = Armand Products Company | access-date = 2016-09-06 | archive-date = 2021-01-22 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210122152900/https://www.armandproducts.com/pdfs/PotBiVs6.PDF }}

Potassium bicarbonate is an effective fungicide against powdery mildew and apple scab, allowed for use in organic farming.{{cite web | url = http://attra.ncat.org/attra-pub/bakingsoda.html | title = Use of Baking Soda as a Fungicide | access-date = 2010-02-14 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100507163427/http://attra.ncat.org/attra-pub/bakingsoda.html | archive-date = 2010-05-07 }}{{cite web|url=http://www.sgaonline.org.au/info_powderymildew.html |title=Powdery Mildew - Sustainable Gardening Australia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303205955/http://www.sgaonline.org.au/info_powderymildew.html |archive-date=2016-03-03 }}{{cite web | url = http://www.msue.msu.edu/objects/content_revision/download.cfm/item_id.163744/workspace_id.112004/Organic%20Fruit%20Production%20Fruit%20Production.doc | title = Organic Fruit Production in Michigan}}{{cite web | url = http://orgprints.org/8075/1/LT_HJS_Armicarb_7.4.06.pdf | title = Efficacy of Armicarb (potassium bicarbonate) against scab and sooty blotch on apples }}

Potassium bicarbonate is a contact killer for Spanish moss when mixed {{Fraction|1|4}} cup per gallon.{{cite web | url = https://skyfroglandscape.com/spanish-moss-removal/ | title = How to Toss Your Spanish Moss | date = 4 December 2020 | publisher = SkyFrog landscape company}}

History

The word saleratus, from Latin sal æratus meaning "aerated salt", first used in the nineteenth century, refers to both potassium bicarbonate and sodium bicarbonate.{{cite web |title=saleratus |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/saleratus |website=merriam-webster.com |publisher=Merriam-Webster |access-date=May 29, 2020}}

References

External links

[http://www.armandproducts.com/pdfs/PotBiVs6.PDF Potassium Bicarbonate Handbook] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122152900/https://www.armandproducts.com/pdfs/PotBiVs6.PDF |date=2021-01-22 }}
[https://web.archive.org/web/20100531174941/http://www.omri.org/simple-opl-search/results/potassium%20bicarbonate. OMRI Potassium Bicarbonate]
[http://www.potassium-derivatives.com/product/chloralkali/en/potassium-specification/potassium-hydrogen-carbonate/pages/potassium-hydrogen-carbonate-default.aspx. Safety Data sheet - potassium bicarbonate]
{{Cite NIE|wstitle=Saleratus|short=x}}

Category:Potassium compounds

Category:Acid salts

Category:Fire suppression agents