prinia
{{Short description|Genus of birds}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Bar-winged_Prinia_(Prinia_familiaris)_.jpg
| image_caption = Bar-winged prinia (Prinia familiaris)
| taxon = Prinia
| authority = Horsfield, 1821
| type_species = Prinia familiaris{{cite web |url= https://www.aviansystematics.org/4th-edition-checklist?viewfamilies=164 |title= Cisticolidae |author= |date= |website= aviansystematics.org |publisher= The Trust for Avian Systematics |access-date= 2023-07-15}}
| type_species_authority = Horsfield, 1821
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = See text
}}
File:Ashy Prinia (Prinia socialis) in Hyderabad W IMG 8738.jpg) in Hyderabad, India]]
File:Plain Prinia I IMG 7615.jpg) in Kolkata, West Bengal, India]]
File:Grey-breasted Prinia (Prinia hodgsonii) eyeing Lannea coromandelica fruit W IMG 7890.jpg) in Shamirpet, Rangareddy district, Andhra Pradesh, India]]
Prinia is a genus of small insectivorous birds belonging to the passerine bird family Cisticolidae. They were at one time classed in the Old World warbler family, Sylviidae.
The prinias are sometimes referred to as wren-warblers. They are a little-known group of the tropical and subtropical Old World, the roughly thirty species being divided fairly equally between Africa and Asia.
These are birds mainly of open habitats such as long grass or scrub, in which they are not easily seen. They are mainly resident, migration being limited to local cold weather movements. Non-breeding birds may form small flocks.
Prinias have short wings but long tapering tails. They are fairly drab birds, brown or grey above (sometimes with dark streaks) and whitish below. Some species have different breeding and non-breeding plumages. The bill is a typical insectivore's, thin and slightly curved.
Taxonomy
The genus was erected by the American naturalist Thomas Horsfield in 1821. The type species is the bar-winged prinia (Prinia familiaris).{{ cite journal | last=Horsfield | first=Thomas | author-link=Thomas Horsfield | year=1821 | title=Systematic arrangement and description of birds from the Island of Java | journal=Transactions of the Linnean Society of London | volume=13 | pages=133–200 [165] | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/754898 | doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.1821.tb00061.x }} Title page dated 1822{{ cite book | editor1-last=Mayr | editor1-first=Ernst | editor1-link=Ernst Mayr | editor2-last=Cottrell | editor2-first=G. William | year=1986 | title=Check-list of Birds of the World | volume=11 | publisher=Museum of Comparative Zoology | place=Cambridge, Massachusetts | page=128 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14483829 }} The name of the genus is derived from the Javanese prinya, the local name for the bar-winged prinia.{{cite book | last = Jobling | first = James A. | title = A Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | url = https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofscie0000jobl | url-access = registration | publisher = Oxford University Press | year = 1991 | location = Oxford | page = [https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofscie0000jobl/page/189 189] | isbn = 0-19-854634-3 }}
A molecular phylogenetic study of the Cisticolidae published in 2013 found that the rufous-vented grass babbler did not lie within the clade containing the other prinias.{{ cite journal | last1=Olsson | first1=U. | last2=Irestedt | first2=M. | last3=Sangster | first3=G. | last4=Ericson | first4=P.G.P. | last5=Alström | first5=P. | year=2013 | title=Systematic revision of the avian family Cisticolidae based on a multi-locus phylogeny of all genera | journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | volume=66 | issue=3 | pages=790–799 | doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2012.11.004 | pmid=23159891 | bibcode=2013MolPE..66..790O }} Based on this analysis the rufous-vented prinia and the closely related swamp grass babbler were moved to the reinstated genus Laticilla in the family Pellorneidae.
=Species=
| class="wikitable" | |||
| Image | Common Name | Scientific Name | Distribution |
|---|---|---|---|
| 120px | Himalayan prinia | Prinia crinigera | Himalayas and southern China |
| - | Striped prinia | Prinia striata | China, Taiwan |
| - | Brown prinia | Prinia polychroa | Indochina and Java |
| - | Burmese prinia | Prinia cooki | Burma and southern Yunnan |
| - | Annam prinia | Prinia rocki | Đà Lạt Plateau |
| 120px | Black-throated prinia | Prinia atrogularis | eastern Himalayas |
| - | Rufous-crowned prinia | Prinia khasiana | Patkai |
| 120px | Hill prinia | Prinia superciliaris | southern China and Southeast Asia |
| 120px | Grey-crowned prinia | Prinia cinereocapilla | Himalayas |
| 120px | Rufous-fronted prinia | Prinia buchanani | northern half of South Asia |
| 120px | Rufescent prinia | Prinia rufescens | Indochina and northeast India |
| 120px | Grey-breasted prinia | Prinia hodgsonii | Indochina and South Asia |
| 120px | Graceful prinia | Prinia gracilis | Nile valley, coastal East Africa and Western Asia, northern South Asia |
| 120px | Delicate prinia | Prinia lepida | Middle East and northern South Asia |
| 120px | Jungle prinia | Prinia sylvatica | India and Sri Lanka |
| 120px | Bar-winged prinia | Prinia familiaris | Sumatra and Java |
| 120px | Yellow-bellied prinia | Prinia flaviventris | Indus valley, Himalayas and Southeast Asia |
| 120px | Ashy prinia | Prinia socialis | South Asia |
| 120px | Tawny-flanked prinia | Prinia subflava | Sub-Saharan Africa |
| 120px | Plain prinia | Prinia inornata | Indomalaya |
| 120px | Pale prinia | Prinia somalica | Horn of Africa |
| 120px | River prinia | Prinia fluviatilis | western Sahel and far north-western Kenya |
| 120px | Black-chested prinia | Prinia flavicans | southern Africa |
| 120px | Karoo prinia | Prinia maculosa | far-southern Namibia, South Africa and Lesotho |
| 120px | Drakensberg prinia | Prinia hypoxantha | eastern South Africa and Swaziland |
| 120px | São Tomé prinia | Prinia molleri | São Tomé Island |
| 120px | Banded prinia | Prinia bairdii | central Africa |
| 120px | Red-winged prinia | Prinia erythroptera | Sub-Saharan Africa (except central, southern and Horn of Africa) |
| 120px | Red-fronted prinia | Prinia rufifrons | eastern Sahel and Horn of Africa |
Species formerly in Prinia but now moved to Laticilla in family Pellorneidae:
- Rufous-vented grass babbler, Laticilla burnesii
- Swamp grass babbler, Laticilla cinerascens
References
{{Commons category|Prinia|Prinia}}
{{Wikispecies|Prinia|Prinia}}
{{Reflist}}
- Nguembock B.; Fjeldsa J.; Tillier A.; Pasquet E. (2007): A phylogeny for the Cisticolidae (Aves: Passeriformes) based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequence data, and a re-interpretation of a unique nest-building specialization. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 42: 272–286.
- Ryan, Peter (2006). Family Cisticolidae (Cisticolas and allies). pp. 378–492 in del Hoyo J., Elliott A. & Christie D.A. (2006) Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 11. Old World Flycatchers to Old World Warblers'' Lynx Edicions, Barcelona {{ISBN|978-84-96553-06-4}}
- Urban, E.K.; Fry, C.H. & Keith, S. (1997) The Birds of Africa, vol. 5. Academic Press, London. {{ISBN|0-12-137305-3}}
{{Passerida|S.|state=collapsed}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q863293}}
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