pristinamycin

{{Short description|Group of chemical compounds}}

{{Infobox drug

| Verifiedfields = changed

| Watchedfields = changed

| verifiedrevid = 464214518

| image = Pristinamycin IA.png

| image2 = Streptogramin A.svg

| type = combo

| component1 = Pristinamycin IA

| class1 = Streptogramin B antibiotic

| component2 = Pristinamycin IIA

| class2 = Streptogramin A antibiotic

| tradename =

| Drugs.com = {{drugs.com|international|pristinamycin}}

| MedlinePlus = a603007

| pregnancy_AU =

| pregnancy_US =

| pregnancy_category =

| legal_AU =

| legal_CA =

| legal_UK =

| legal_US =

| legal_status =

| routes_of_administration =

| CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite|changed|??}}

| CAS_number = 270076-60-3

| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}

| UNII = 4O8O7Q7IU4

| ATCvet =

| ATC_prefix = J01

| ATC_suffix = FG01

| PubChem = 11979535

| DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}}

| DrugBank =

| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}

| ChemSpiderID = 10152812

| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}}

| ChEMBL = 1256399

}}

Pristinamycin (INN), also spelled pristinamycine, is an antibiotic used primarily in the treatment of staphylococcal infections, and to a lesser extent streptococcal infections. It is a streptogramin group antibiotic, similar to virginiamycin, derived from the bacterium Streptomyces pristinaespiralis. It is marketed in Europe by Sanofi-Aventis under the trade name Pyostacine.

Pristinamycin is a mixture of two components that have a synergistic antibacterial action. Pristinamycin IIA is a macrolide, and results in pristinamycin's having a similar spectrum of action to erythromycin. Pristinamycin IA (streptogramin B) is a depsipeptide.{{cite journal | vauthors = Hamilton-Miller JM | title = From foreign pharmacopoeias: 'new' antibiotics from old? | journal = The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy | volume = 27 | issue = 6 | pages = 702–705 | date = June 1991 | pmid = 1938680 | doi = 10.1093/jac/27.6.702 | doi-access = free }} PI and PII are coproduced by S. pristinaespiralis in a ratio of 30:70. Each compound binds to the bacterial 50 S ribosomal subunit and inhibits the elongation process of the protein synthesis, thereby exhibiting only a moderate bacteriostatic activity. However, the combination of both substances acts synergistically and leads to a potent bactericidal activity that can reach up to 100 times that of the separate components.

The pristinamycin biosynthetic gene cluster is the largest antibiotic supercluster known so far, with a size of ~210 kb, wherein the PI and PII biosynthetic genes are not clustered individually but are scattered across the complete sequence region.{{cite journal | vauthors = Mast Y, Weber T, Gölz M, Ort-Winklbauer R, Gondran A, Wohlleben W, Schinko E | title = Characterization of the 'pristinamycin supercluster' of Streptomyces pristinaespiralis | journal = Microbial Biotechnology | volume = 4 | issue = 2 | pages = 192–206 | date = March 2011 | pmid = 21342465 | pmc = 3818860 | doi = 10.1111/j.1751-7915.2010.00213.x }} Furthermore, this biosynthetic gene region is interrupted by a cryptic type II PKS gene cluster.