priyome

PriyomeAlso transliterated priem, prijóm, etc. ({{lang-rus|приём|p=prʲɪˈjɵm|a=Ru-приём.ogg}}) is a Russian noun that is used directly and generically in English to represent some sort of typical maneuver or technique in chess. For example, a typical defensive technique in rook endings is to use the king to attack the opponent's pawns.Uchebnik Endshpilya, Dvoretsky, 2006, p. 216 {{ISBN|5-88149-232-3}}

In Russian, приём is a common word with various meanings including "reception", "acceptance" and "gimmick", and is used in contexts as diverse as music, literature, computer science, and martial arts.{{cite web|url=http://www.yxo.com |title=• Запомни весь нескучный англо-русский словарь |publisher=Yxo.com |date= |accessdate=2012-10-16}} It is also very common in Russian chess literature to refer to typical maneuvers used in positions with certain pawn structures or other defining characteristics. Because the word does not have an exact equivalent in English—with "device", "technique", or "method" the closest translations—it has appeared untranslated in English-language chess literature, although this usage is not yet widespread.Studying Chess Made Easy, Soltis, 2010, p. 88 {{ISBN|978-1-906388-67-6}}Critical Moments in Chess, Gaprindashvili, 2010, p. 66 et al. {{ISBN|978-1-906388-65-2}}

Examples

A Russian movie, Buket Na Priyome,{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0292463/|title=Buket na priyome (1977)|publisher=IMDb.com|accessdate=2012-10-16}} is a crime drama highlighting the technique as a theme and tactic. A famous game by Garry Kasparov in Nicaragua has been used by training academies{{cite web |url=http://www.academiadeajedrezjulioramirezdearellano.com/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=288&mode=thread&order=0&thold=0 |title=Academia De Ajedrez Julio Ramírez De Arellano :. - Priyome |publisher=Academiadeajedrezjulioramirezdearellano.com |date= |accessdate=2012-10-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120309211528/http://www.academiadeajedrezjulioramirezdearellano.com/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=288&mode=thread&order=0&thold=0 |archive-date=2012-03-09 |url-status=dead }} to illustrate the technique. After e4–e5 in the first diagram below, the d-{{chessgloss|file}} is potentially open, and thus a candidate to be controlled by White's rooks:

{{Chess diagram

| |__| |__|nd|__| |__

| | |__| |kd|pd| |

|pd|__| |pd|rd| | |pd

|pl|rd|pd|__|pl|__|pd|__

|__|pd|nl|__| |__|__|__

|__|pl| |__| |pl|__|pl

| | |pl|rl|__|kl|pl|__

|__|__| |rl|__| |__|

| Moving the rook to the d-file is a priyome, or recommended response. In annotations, moves with exclamation points suggest priyomes.

}}

align="center"

valign="top"

|+ Example of Black vs. White priyomes

{{Chess diagram

| tleft

|Black to move

|rd| |bd|qd| |rd|kd|

|pd| | | | | |pd|pd

| |pd| | | |nd|pd|

| | |pd|pl|pd| | |

|pl| |pl| |pl| | |

| | |pl|bl|bl| | |

| | | | | | |pl|pl

|rl| | |ql| |rl|kl|

| In this game from the 1972 Spassky–Fischer World Championship, Spassky played 16.a4, and Fischer answered with 16...a5!. This is a typical defensive technique (priyome) in similar positions, to fix the weakness of the a4-pawn.

}}

{{Chess diagram

| tleft

|White to move

| | |rd| |kd| |rd|

| |pd|qd| |bd|pd|pd|pd

|pd| |bd|pd| |nd| |

| | | | |pd|pl| |

| | | | |pl| | |

| |bl|nl| |bl| |ql|

|pl|pl|pl| | | |pl|pl

|rl| | | | |rl|kl|

| In this Zsofia Polgar–Apol game from 1988, Polgar played the priyome with 16.Bg5! – again a typical maneuver in this pawn structure, to exchange the bishop for the f6-knight and gain control of the d5-square.

}}

References

External links

[http://www.howtoadvice.com/Chess 64 Commandments of Chess] by Bruce Pandolfini
[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/5614 Chess Strategy, Second Edition] and [https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/4913 Chess and Checkers: the Way to Mastership], both by Edward Lasker
[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/16377 The Blue Book of Chess]; "Teaching the Rudiments of the Game, and Giving an Analysis of All the Recognized Openings" by Howard Staunton
[http://www.chesslodge.com Chess Strategy], free lessons on basic elements.

Category:Chess terminology