pseudo-anglicism

{{Short description|Non-English word that appears to be English}}

A pseudo-anglicism is a word in another language that is formed from English elements and may appear to be English, but that does not exist as an English word with the same meaning.{{sfn|Ayres-Bennett|2014|p=325,335}}Ilse Sørensen, English im deutschen Wortschatz, 1997, p. 18, as quoted in Onysko, 2007, p. 53: "words that look English, but which deviate from genuine English words either formally or semantically"{{sfn|Sicherl|1999|p=14}}{{sfn|Duckworth|1977}}{{sfn|Onysko|2007|loc=p. 52|ps=The term pseudo-anglicism" describes the phenomenon that occurs when the RL^{['receptor language'; p.14]} uses lexical elements of the SL^{['source language'; p.14]} to create a neologism in the RL that is unknown in the SL. For the German language, Duckworth simply defines pseudo anglicisms as German neologisms derived from English language material.}}

For example, English speakers traveling in France may be struck by the "number of anglicisms—or rather words that look English—which are used in a different sense than they have in English, or which do not exist in English (such as rallye-paper, shake-hand, baby-foot, or baby-parc)".Nicol Spence 1976, as quoted in Ayres-Bennett, 2014, p. 335

This is different from a false friend, which is a word with a cognate that has a different main meaning; in some cases, pseudo-anglicisms become false friends.Henrik Gottlieb, "Danish pseudo-Anglicisms: A corpus-based analysis", p. 65 in Furiassi 2015

Definition and terminology

Pseudo-anglicisms are also called secondary anglicisms,{{sfn|Filipović|1990}} false anglicisms,{{sfn|Saugera|2017|p=54|loc=3.4.2 False anglicisms}} or pseudo-English.{{sfn|Picone|1996|p=316}}

Pseudo-anglicisms are a kind of lexical borrowing where the source or donor language is English, but where the borrowing is reworked in the receptor or recipient language.{{sfn|Onysko|2007|p=52}}{{sfn|Carstensen|2015|p=77|ps=
The influence of a 'donor language' upon a 'recipient language' can be seen also, and above all, in the so-called pseudo-loanwords, as the literature names them. Den intensiven Einfluß einer donor language auf eine recipient language zeigen auch und ganz besonders die in der Literatur so genannten Scheinentlehnungen an.}}

The precise definition varies. Duckworth defines pseudo-anglicisms in German as "neologisms derived from English language material."{{sfn|Onysko|2007|p=52}}{{sfn|Duckworth|1977|loc=^{[page needed]}|ps= : Neubildungen der deutschen Sprache mit Englischem Sprachmaterial.; as quoted in: {{harvtxt|Carstensen|2015|p=77}} }} Furiassi includes words that may exist in English with a "conspicuously different meaning".{{sfn|Furiassi|2010|p=34|ps=, quoted in {{harvtxt|Lujan-Garcia|2017|p=281|ps=
"[A] word or idiom that is recognizably English in its form (spelling, pronunciation, morphology, or at least one of the three), but is accepted as an item in the vocabulary of the receptor language even though it does not exist or is used with a conspicuously different meaning in English."}} }}

Typology and mechanism

Pseudo-anglicisms can be created in various ways, such as by archaism, i.e., words that once had that meaning in English but are since abandoned; semantic slide, where an English word is used incorrectly to mean something else; conversion of existing words from one part of speech to another; or recombinations by reshuffling English units.{{sfn|Anderman|2005|p=164}}

Onysko speaks of two types: pseudo-anglicisms and hybrid anglicisms. The common factor is that each type represents a neologism in the receptor language resulting from a combination of borrowed lexical items from English. Using German as the receptor language, an example of the first type is Wellfit-Bar, a combination of two English lexical units to form a new term in German, which does not exist in English, and which carries the meaning, "a bar that caters to the needs of health-starved people." An example of the second type, is a hybrid based on a German compound word, Weitsprung (long jump), plus the English 'coach', to create the new German word Weitsprung-Coach.{{sfn|Onysko|2007|p=52}}

According to Filipović, pseudo-anglicisms can be formed through compounding, suffixation, or ellipsis. For example, the Serbo-Croatian word {{Lang-sr-Cyrl-Latn|голман|golman|label=none|italic1=yes}} was created from the English word goal, which the word man was added to. Alternatively, suffixes such as {{Lang-sr-Cyrl-Latn|-ер|-er|label=none|italic1=yes}} or {{Lang-sr-Cyrl-Latn|-ист(а)|-ist(a)|label=none|italic1=yes}} may be added to an English word to create a new word in Serbo-Croatian, such as {{Lang-sr-Cyrl-Latn|тенисер|teniser|label=none|italic1=yes}} or {{Lang-sr-Cyrl-Latn|ватерполист(а)|vaterpolist(a)|label=none|italic1=yes}}. Ellipsis may also occur, wherein a component of an English word is dropped, such as the suffix -ing; examples include {{Lang-sr-Cyrl-Latn|бокс|boks|label=none|italic1=yes}} from boxing, or {{Lang-sr-Cyrl-Latn|хепиенд|hepiend|label=none|italic1=yes}} from happy ending.{{sfn |Filipović |1990 |p=138–139 |loc=4.7 Adaptation of pseudoanglicisms}}

Another process of word formation that can result in a pseudo-anglicism is a blend word, consisting of portions of two words, like brunch or smog. Rey-Debove & Gagnon attest tansad in French in 1919, from English tan[dem] + sad[dle].{{sfn|Rey-Debove|1990|p=1018}}

Scope

Pseudo-anglicisms can be found in many languages that have contact with English around the world, and are attested in nearly all European languages.{{sfn|Furiassi|2015|p=17}}

The equivalent of pseudo-anglicisms derived from languages other than English also exist. For example, the English-language phrase "double entendre", while often believed to be French and pronounced in a French fashion, is not actually used in French. For other examples, see dog Latin, list of pseudo-French words adapted to English, and list of pseudo-German words adapted to English.

Examples

=Many languages=

Some pseudo-anglicisms are found in many languages and have been characterized as "world-wide pseudo-English",Broder Carstensen, "Euro-English", in Linguistics across historical and geographical boundaries: in honour of Jacek Fisiak..., 2, in Trends in Linguistics: Studies and Monographs 32, 1986, p. 831 often borrowed via other languages such as French or Italian:e.g., Λεξικό της κοινής Νεοελληνικής s.v. σμόκιν

autostop – hitchhiking in French, Italian,[http://www.treccani.it/vocabolario/autostop/ «Autostop»], Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia italiana Polish, Serbo-Croatian, Greek οτοστόπ,Georgios Babiniotis, Λεξικό της Νέας Ελληνικής Γλώσσας, 1998, s.v. Russian автостоп, Spanish, Bulgarian, Hungarian, etc.
basket – basketball in Danish, French, Indonesian, Italian, Spanish, Swedish,{{Cite web|url=https://www.sblherr.se/|title=SBL Herr|website=www.sblherr.se}} Greek μπάσκετ, Turkish, etc.; also sneakers in French
camping – campsite or campground in French, Dutch, Greek κάμπινγκ, Bulgarian къмпинг,[https://en.pons.com/translate/bulgarian-english/%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3 PONS Online Dictionary] Russian ке́мпинг,[https://en.pons.com/translate/russian-english/%D0%BA%D0%B5%CD%81%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3 PONS Online Dictionary] Polish kemping,[https://en.pons.com/translate/polish-english/kemping 'PONS Online Dictionary] Portuguese,{{cite web | url=https://www.dicio.com.br/camping/ | title=Camping }} Spanish, etc.
smoking – dinner jacket, tuxedo, or smoking jacket in Danish,[https://ordnet.dk/ddo/ordbog?query=smoking smoking], Den Danske Ordbog French, Portuguese,{{cite web | url=https://dicionario.priberam.org/smoking | title=Smoking }} German,{{Cite web|title=Duden {{!}} Smoking {{!}} Rechtschreibung, Bedeutung, Definition, Herkunft|url=https://www.duden.de/rechtschreibung/Smoking|access-date=2021-08-13|website=www.duden.de|language=de}} Italian,Oxford Paravia Italian Dictionary, 2001, {{isbn|0198604378}}, s.v. Dutch, Greek σμόκιν, Russian, etc.Gorlach, 2001, s.v.

= Korean =

one shot – "bottoms up" (원샷 [wʌn.ɕjat̚]){{cite web|url=https://en.dict.naver.com/#/search?query=%EC%9B%90%EC%83%B7|title=Search result for '원샷'|access-date=2023-08-09}}
hand phone – "cellphone" (핸드폰 [hɛn.dɯ.pon]){{cite web|url=https://en.dict.naver.com/#/search?query=%ED%95%B8%EB%93%9C%ED%8F%B0|title=Search result for '핸드폰'|access-date=2023-08-09}}
skinship – platonic hand-holding, hugging, etc. (스킨십; seu·kin·sib){{cite web |author= |title=8 words that look like English but actually aren't – ESL language studies abroad |date=1 October 2019 |url=https://blog.esl-languages.com/blog/learn-languages/words-that-look-english-but-arent/ |website=ESL Stories |access-date=29 July 2021}}

= Romance =

==French==

French includes many pseudo-anglicisms, including novel compounds (baby-foot), specifically compounds in -man (tennisman), truncations (foot), places in -ing (dancing meaning dancing-place, not the act of dancing), and a large variety of meaning shifts.

{{lang|fr|baby-foot}}{{sfn|Ayres-Bennett|2014|p=335}} (m, pronounced {{IPA|fr|ba.bi.fut|}}) – table football
{{lang|fr|baby-parc}}{{sfn|Ayres-Bennett|2014|p=335}} – playpen
{{lang|fr|before}} – drinks in privileged company before a party, a.k.a. "pregame" (opposite of {{lang|fr|after}})
{{lang|fr|blind test}} – music quiz / 'name that tune'
{{lang|fr|brushing}} – blow-dry and stylingMatthew Anderson, "The foreign words that seem like English – but aren't", BBC Culture [https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20161014-the-foreign-words-that-seem-like-english-but-arent 13 October 2016]Collins le Robert French Dictionary, 11th ed., 2020, s.v. (usage note)
{{lang|fr|building}} – high-rise building, tower blockCollins le Robert French Dictionary, 11th ed., 2020, s.v.
{{lang|fr|box}} – wifi router or parking space
{{lang|fr|dancing}} – dance hall
{{lang|fr|dressing}} (noun) - walk-in closet
{{lang|fr|flirt}} – a brief romance, flirtation, a boyfriend or girlfriend
{{lang|fr|footing}} – jogging (though the real English word is also used in French with the same meaning)
{{lang|fr|pressing}} – dry cleaning shop,
{{lang|fr|rallye-paper}}{{sfn|Ayres-Bennett|2014|p=335}} – a "fox-and-hounds" like game, except with paper scraps instead of foxes{{sfn|Geyer|1903|p=19}}
{{lang|fr|recordman}} (m; pl: {{lang|fr|recordmans}}; f:{{lang|fr|recordwoman}}) – record holder, especially in sports
{{lang|fr|relooker}} (verb) to make over; also: {{lang|fr|relooking}} (n; masc.) – a makeover
{{lang|fr|scratch}} (noun) - velcro
{{lang|fr|shake-hand}}{{sfn|Ayres-Bennett|2014|p=335}}
{{lang|fr|speaker}}, {{lang|fr|speakerine}} (feminine) – radio or television announcerClyde Thogmartin, "Some 'English' Words in French", The French Review 57:4:447-455 (March 1984) {{JSTOR|393310}}
{{lang|fr|wheeling}} – a wheelie

==Italian==

autogrill ({{IPA|it|autoˈɡril}})[http://www.treccani.it/vocabolario/autogrill/ «Autogrill»], Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia italiana – rest area (used for any brand, not only for Autogrill chain)
beauty farm[http://www.treccani.it/vocabolario/beauty-farm/ «Beauty farm»], Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia italiana ({{IPA|it|bjutiˈfarm}}) – spa
The French borrowing bloc-notes ({{IPA|fr|blɔknɔt}}) is sometimes written in the pseudo-English form block-notes ({{IPA|it|blɔkˈnɔts|blɔkˈnotes}})[http://www.treccani.it/vocabolario/tag/block-notes// «Bloc-Notes»], Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia italiana – notebook
jolly – the joker in a pack of cardsCristiano Furiassi, "How jolly is the joker? Problemi di traducibilità dei falsi anglicismi" in the Atti del 5° congresso di studi dell’Associazione Italiana di Linguistica Applicata (AItLA). Bari, 17,18 febbraio 2005
pullman – a bus{{Cite web |title=English Translation of "autobus" | Collins Italian-English Dictionary |url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/italian-english/autobus}}
smart working {{IPA|it|zmartˈworking}} – remote work, where "smart" is used referring to other devices with an Internet connection, such as smartphones and smartwatches.
water ({{IPA|it|vater}}) - flush toilet (from English water closet)

== Portuguese ==

outdoor – billboard{{Cite web |title=Outdoor |url=https://www.dicio.com.br/outdoor/ |access-date=2024-12-27 |website=Dicio, Dicionário Online de Português |language=pt-br}}
home office - work from home{{Cite web |title=Home Office |url=https://www.dicio.com.br/home-office/ |access-date=2024-12-28 |website=Dicio, Dicionário Online de Português |language=pt-br}}
shopping - shopping mall{{Cite web |title=Shopping |url=https://www.dicio.com.br/shopping/ |access-date=2024-12-30 |website=Dicio, Dicionário Online de Português |language=pt-br}}

=Germanic=

==Danish==

babylift – baby transport/carrycot[https://ordnet.dk/ddo/ordbog?query=babylift babylift], Den Danske Ordbog
butterfly – bow tie[https://ordnet.dk/ddo/ordbog?query=butterfly butterfly], Den Danske Ordbog
cottoncoat – trench coat[https://ordnet.dk/ddo/ordbog?query=cottoncoat cottoncoat], Den Danske Ordbog
cowboytoast – minced meat sandwich[https://ordnet.dk/ddo/ordbog?query=cowboytoast cowboytoast], Den Danske Ordbog
doorstep – a short and informal press conference[https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/doorstep doorstep], Wiktionary
monkeyclass – economy class[https://ordnet.dk/ddo/ordbog?query=monkeyclass monkeyclass], Den Danske Ordbog
speedmarker – a felt-tip pen[https://ordnet.dk/ddo/ordbog?query=speedmarker speedmarker], Den Danske Ordbog
stationcar – blend of station wagon (US) and estate car (UK)[https://ordnet.dk/ddo/ordbog?query=stationcar stationcar], Den Danske Ordbog
timemanager – a calendar or notebook in which one writes down appointments (from the registered trademark Time Manager)[https://ordnet.dk/ddo/ordbog?query=timemanager timemanager], Den Danske Ordbog

==Dutch==

beamer – a video projector (via German pseudo-anglicism Beamer){{cite web |title=Beamer (LaTeX) |last=Vullers |first=Pim |url=http://www.cs.ru.nl/~pim/beamer.php |year=2012 |website=Radboud University |publisher= |access-date=2020-12-09}}{{better source needed|reason=Ph.D. student webspace at univeristy|date=December 2020}}
box – a playpen{{cite web |title=Box |url=https://etymologiebank.nl/trefwoord/box |website=etymologiebank.nl |access-date=2024-06-12}} or a music speaker
coffeeshop - a shop selling cannabis
keycord – a lanyard
oldtimer – a classic car
touringcar – a coach (bus)
videoclip – a music video

==German==

German pseudo anglicisms often have multiple valid and common ways of writing them, generally either hyphenated (Home-Office) or in one word (Homeoffice).{{Cite web|title=Duden {{!}} Homeoffice {{!}} Rechtschreibung, Bedeutung, Definition, Herkunft|url=https://www.duden.de/rechtschreibung/Homeoffice|access-date=2021-08-13|website=www.duden.de|language=de}}

German speakers, especially teachers, often refer to pseudo-anglicisms as false friends, a translation of the German term that may itself count as a pseudo anglicism.{{Cite web|url=https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/words/false_friends.htm|title=Englisch-Hilfen: Falsche Freunde|website=www.englisch-hilfen.de}}

Beamer – a video projector{{Cite web|title=Duden {{!}} Beamer {{!}} Rechtschreibung, Bedeutung, Definition, Herkunft|url=https://www.duden.de/rechtschreibung/Beamer|access-date=2021-03-14|website=www.duden.de|language=de}}
Bodybag – a messenger bag
Dressman – a male model (Onysko calls this the 'canonical example' of a pseudo-anglicism.{{sfn|Onysko|2007|p=52}})
Flipper – a pinball machine{{Cite web|url=https://german.yabla.com/lesson-German-Pseudo-Anglicisms-542|title = German Pseudo-Anglicisms – Yabla German – Free German Lessons}}
Funsport – a sport played for amusement, such as skateboarding or frisbee{{Cite web|title=Duden {{!}} Funsport {{!}} Rechtschreibung, Bedeutung, Definition, Herkunft|url=https://www.duden.de/rechtschreibung/Funsport|access-date=2021-08-13|website=www.duden.de|language=de}}
Handy – a mobile phone{{Cite web|url=https://www.sparhandy.de/handy-kaufen/|title=Handy ohne Vertrag: Angebote März 2023|website=www.sparhandy.de}}
Jobticket – a free pass for public transport provided by an employer for employees{{Cite web|title=Duden {{!}} Jobticket {{!}} Rechtschreibung, Bedeutung, Definition, Herkunft|url=https://www.duden.de/rechtschreibung/Jobticket|access-date=2021-03-13|website=www.duden.de|language=de}}
Oldtimer – an antique car
Shooting – a photoshoot
trampen (verb) – hitchhiking{{Cite web|title=Duden {{!}} Trampen {{!}} Rechtschreibung, Bedeutung, Definition, Herkunft|url=https://www.duden.de/rechtschreibung/trampen|access-date=2021-05-13|website=www.duden.de|language=de}}
mobbing – bullying

==Norwegian==

hands – the offence of handball in association football{{Cite web |title=hands |url=https://naob.no/ordbok/hands |access-date=2024-07-05|website = www.naob.no}}
sixpence – Flat cap{{Cite web |title=Sixpence |url=https://www.skittfiske.no/klaer/hodeplagg/sixpence |access-date=2022-09-18 |website=www.skittfiske.no}}

==Swedish==

after work – a meeting for drinks after the workday is finished{{cite news|title=After work ett svenskt påhitt|url=https://www.dn.se/ekonomi/after-work-ett-svenskt-pahitt/|newspaper=Dagens Nyheter|date=11 March 2015|access-date=12 December 2015|language=Swedish}}
backslick – A wet, combed-back hair style{{citation needed|date=December 2020}}
pocket – A paper-back book{{Cite web|url=https://www.akademibokhandeln.se/lista/pockettoppen|title=Topplistan Pocket – Akademibokhandeln|website=www.akademibokhandeln.se}}

= Slavic =

== Serbian ==

{{Lang-sr-Cyrl-Latn|бос|bos|italic1=yes|italic2=no|label=none}} – crime boss{{Cite book |last=Prćić |first=Tvrtko |url=http://digitalna.ff.uns.ac.rs/sadrzaj/2021/978-86-6065-636-2 |title=Srpski rečnik novijih anglicizama |publisher=Faculty of Philosophy |year=2021 |isbn=978-86-6065-636-2 |edition=1st |location=Novi Sad |language=sr}}
{{Lang-sr-Cyrl-Latn|букмејкер|bukmejker|italic1=yes|italic2=no|label=none}} – a person who bets, especially on sports and other competitions
{{Lang-sr-Cyrl-Latn|голман|golman|italic1=yes|italic2=no|label=none}} – goalkeeper{{Cite journal |last=Savić |first=Marija |date=2014 |title=Pseudoanglicizmi u srpskom jeziku |journal=Jezici i kulture u vremenu i prostoru |volume=3 |isbn=978-86-6065-282-1 |via=Filozofski fakultet}}
{{Lang-sr-Cyrl-Latn|хепиенд|hepiend|italic1=yes|italic2=no|label=none}} – happy ending
{{Lang-sr-Cyrl-Latn|олдтајмер|oldtajmer|italic1=yes|italic2=no|label=none}} – classic car{{Cite journal |last=Prćić |first=Tvrtko |date=2012 |title=Како се на енглеском каже олдтајмер? : англицизми као српско-енглески лажни парови |url=https://www.maticasrpska.org.rs/stariSajt/casopisi/filologija_55-2.pdf |journal=Matica Srpska Journal of Philology and Linguistics |volume=55 |issue=2 |pages=203–220 |issn=0352-5724}}
{{Lang-sr-Cyrl-Latn|стреч|streč|italic1=yes|italic2=no|label=none}} – stretch fabric

==Polish==

dres – tracksuit;{{cite web|title=dres|url=http://swo.pwn.pl/haslo.php?id=6162|work=Słownik wyrazów obcych|publisher=Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN|access-date=11 April 2012|language=Polish}}{{Dead link|date=May 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} sometimes also short for dresiarz (chav, gopnik)

==Russian==

Дресс-кроссинг ("Dress crossing") – clothing swap{{cite web | url=https://brjunetka.ru/chto-takoe-dress-krossing-i-v-chem-ego-preimushhestva/ | title=Преимущества и недостатки дресс-кроссинга | date=19 September 2015 }} (analogous to postcrossing, bookcrossing); not to be confused with cross-dressing
{{lang|ru|Клипмейкер}} ("Clip maker") – music video director{{sfn|Baldwin|2020|loc=[https://books.google.com/books?id=bJb-DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT48 Клипмейкер]}}
{{lang|ru|Митинг}} ("meeting") – rally, demonstration
{{lang|ru|Рекордсмен}} ("records man") – record holder
{{lang|ru|Страйкбол}} ("strikeball")[https://translate.academic.ru/страйкбол/en/ru/страйкбол «страйкбол»], «Словари и энциклопедии на Академике»Страйкбол, «Википедия» – airsoft
{{lang|ru|Фейсконтроль}} ("Face control") – the policy of screening people based on their appearance{{Citation needed|date=January 2019}}

= Austronesian =

== Malaysian Malay ==

action – boast; boastful{{cite web|url=https://says.com/my/seismik/perkataan-english-orang-kita-pakai-yang-beri-maksud-berbeza|title=21 'English Words' Yang Menyimpang Jauh Maksudnya Bila Orang Kita Guna Untuk Bersembang|last=Johari|first=Farouq|date=August 2017|publisher=says.com|access-date=}}
best – good{{cite web|url=https://soscili.my/perkataan-inggeris-salahguna-dimelayukan/|title=9 perkataan English yang terpesong maknanya bila di-Melayukan|last=|first=|date=13 August 2016|publisher=soscili.my|access-date=5 September 2022}}
cable – personal connection or insider{{cite web|url=https://www.thevocket.com/perkataan-english-di-melayukan/|title=10 Perkataan English Yang Telah Di Melayukan. Mat Salleh Pun Takkan Faham|last=Roslan|first=Rizmi|date=18 January 2015|publisher=The Vocket|access-date=}}
power – great
sound – scold
spender – undergarment for lower body e.g. briefs and panties
terror – great

== Indonesian ==

busway – TransJakarta bus; bus rapid transit{{cite news |last1=Fiandri |first1=Niko |title=Mau Tahu Bedanya Busway dengan Transjakarta? Supaya Enggak Gagal Paham |url=https://www.gridoto.com/read/221010024/mau-tahu-bedanya-busway-dengan-transjakarta-supaya-enggak-gagal-paham |access-date=23 January 2022 |work=GridOto.com |date=4 January 2018 |language=id}}
cross boy/girl – delinquent person{{Cite web |last=Kompasiana.com |date=2012-09-05 |title=Istilah Bahasa Inggris Kreasi Orang Indonesia |url=https://www.kompasiana.com/gustaafkusno/55175b3fa333114607b65c5f/istilah-bahasa-inggris-kreasi-orang-indonesia |access-date=2023-12-11 |website=KOMPASIANA |language=id}}
free sex – extramarital sex{{cite thesis |last=Martin |first=Nelly |date=2017 |title=Bahasa Gado-Gado in Indonesian Popular Texts: Expanding Indonesian Identities through Code-Switching with English |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/1929232840?sourcetype=Dissertations%20&%20Theses |degree=PhD |publisher=The University of Wisconsin |access-date=2024-12-31}}
hand body – hand & body lotion{{cite web |last1=Stevenson |first1=Sacha |author1-link=Sacha Stevenson |title=15 kesalahan dalam bahasa Inggris (buat orang Indonesia) |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_oHtlTS8RhQ |website=youtube.com |language=id |format=video |date=Jan 5, 2020}}
handphone – mobile phone
healing – going on a vacation to heal mentally{{Cite web |last=RRI.co.id |date=2023-10-27 |title=Sering Salah, Ini Arti Healing dalam Psikologi Sesungguhnya! |url=https://smb.telkomuniversity.ac.id/cerita-telutizen/sering-salah-ini-arti-healing-dalam-psikologi-sesungguhnya/ |access-date=2024-12-29 |website=Telkom University |language=id}}
magic com – multifunctional rice cooker{{Cite web |last=momsmoney.kontan.co.id |date=2023-09-11 |title=Perbedaan Fungsi Rice Cooker, Magic Jar dan Magic Com untuk Kebutuhan Rumah Tangga |url=https://momsmoney.kontan.co.id/news/perbedaan-fungsi-rice-cooker-magic-jar-dan-magic-com-untuk-kebutuhan-rumah-tangga |access-date=2024-12-29 |website=MOMSMONEY.ID |language=id}}
outbound – outdoor education or recreational activities
sorry-dorry-morry-strawberry – sorry not sorry; sorry{{cite journal |last1=Rafiek |first1=M. |date=2013 |title=RAGAM BAHASA WARIA DALAM SINETRON |url=https://ppjp.ulm.ac.id/journal/index.php/jbsp/article/viewFile/4481/3925 |journal=Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Dan Pembelajarannya |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=4–18 |doi=10.20527/jbsp.v3i1.4481 |access-date=2024-12-29}}
sound – sound reinforcement system{{Cite web |last=detik.com/jateng/ |date=2024-08-18 |title=Apa Itu Sound Horeg? Ini Pengertian dan Asal-usulnya |url=https://www.detik.com/jateng/berita/d-7495775/apa-itu-sound-horeg-ini-pengertian-dan-asal-usulnya |access-date=2024-12-29 |website=detikJateng |language=id}}
travel – inter-regional minibus service {{Cite web |last=Liputan6.com |date=2022-09-26 |title=Kenali Perbedaan Shuttle, Travel, dan Bus Pariwisata dalam Layanan Transportasi |url=https://www.liputan6.com/regional/read/5079812/kenali-perbedaan-shuttle-travel-dan-bus-pariwisata-dalam-layanan-transportasi |access-date=2024-12-29 |website=Liputan6.com |language=id}}
win-win solution – win-win situation; win-win conflict resolution {{Cite web |last=kids.grid.id |date=2022-07-05 |title=5 Ungkapan Dalam Bahasa Inggris yang Sering Salah Diterjemahkan |url=https://kids.grid.id/read/473359309/5-ungkapan-dalam-bahasa-inggris-yang-sering-salah-diterjemahkan?page=all |access-date=2024-12-29 |website=Grid |language=id}}

= Other languages =

==Maltese==

goaler – goalkeeper{{Cite web |last=Chucky |date=2016-11-26 |title=5 Kelmiet Li Taħsibhom Ingliżi Imma Mhumiex |url=https://lovinmalta.com/lifestyle/language/5-kelmiet-li-tahsibhom-inglizi-imma-mhumiex/ |access-date=2024-02-24 |website=Lovin Malta |language=en-GB}}

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External links

[http://www.sljfaq.org/afaq/wasei-eigo.html Examples of Japanese pseudo-anglicisms]

Category:Forms of English

Category:Language histories

Category:English-language influence on other languages

ru:Псевдоанглицизм