pseudomonadaceae

{{Automatic taxobox

| image = Pseudomonas aeruginosa 01.jpg

| image_alt = "P. aeruginosa" colonies on an agar plate

| image_caption = P. aeruginosa colonies on an agar plate

| taxon = Pseudomonadaceae

| authority = Winslow et al., 1917

| synonyms = * Azotobacteraceae Pribram 1933 (Approved Lists 1980)

| synonyms_ref = {{cite book|chapter=Azotobacter |title=Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria |pages=1–33 |date=2015 |vauthors=Kennedy C, Rudnick P, MacDonald ML, Melton T |doi=10.1002/9781118960608.gbm01207|isbn=9781118960608 }}

| type_genus = Pseudomonas

| type_genus_authority = Migula 1894 (Approved Lists 1980)

| subdivision_ranks = Genera

| subdivision =

Atopomonas Rudra and Gupta 2021
Azomonas Winogradsky 1938 (Approved Lists 1980)

Azorhizophilus Thompson and Skerman 1981
Azotobacter Beijerinck 1901 (Approved Lists 1980)

Denitrificimonas Saati-Santamaría et al. 2021
Entomomonas Wang et al. 2020

Halopseudomonas Rudra and Gupta 2021
Mesophilobacter Nishimura et al. 1989

Oblitimonas Drobish et al. 2016

Permianibacter Wang et al. 2014

Pseudomonas Migula 1894 (Approved Lists 1980)
Rhizobacter Goto and Kuwata 1988
Rugamonas Austin and Moss 1987

Thiopseudomonas Tan et al. 2015

}}

The Pseudomonadaceae are a family of bacteria which includes the genera Azomonas, Azorhizophilus, Azotobacter, Mesophilobacter, Pseudomonas (the type genus), and Rugamonas.{{cite journal | last1 = Skerman | first1 = McGowan | last2 = Sneath | year = 1980 | title = Approved Lists of Bacterial Names | journal = Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. | volume = 30 | pages = 225–420 | doi=10.1099/00207713-30-1-225| doi-access = free }}{{cite book | author = Cornelis P (editor). | title = Pseudomonas: Genomics and Molecular Biology | edition = 1st | publisher = Caister Academic Press | year = 2008 | url=http://www.horizonpress.com/pseudo | id = [http://www.horizonpress.com/pseudo ] | isbn = 978-1-904455-19-6}} The family Azotobacteraceae was recently reclassified into this family.{{cite journal |vauthors=Rediers H, Vanderleyden J, De Mot R |title=Azotobacter vinelandii: a Pseudomonas in disguise? |journal=Microbiology |volume=150 |issue=Pt 5 |pages=1117–9 |year=2004 |pmid=15133068 |doi=10.1099/mic.0.27096-0|doi-access=free }}

History

Pseudomonad literally means false unit, being derived from the Greek pseudo ({{wikt-lang|grc|ψευδο-}} – false) and monas (μονος – a single unit). The term "monad" was used in the early history of microbiology to denote single-celled organisms.

Because of their widespread occurrence in nature, the pseudomonads were observed early in the history of microbiology. The generic name Pseudomonas created for these organisms was defined in rather vague terms in 1894 as a genus of Gram-negative, rod-shaped, and polar-flagellated bacteria. Soon afterwards, a large number of species was assigned to the genus. Pseudomonads were isolated from many natural niches. New methodology and the inclusion of approaches based on the studies of conservative macromolecules have reclassified many species.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is increasingly recognized as an emerging opportunistic pathogen of clinical relevance. Studies also suggest the emergence of antibiotic resistance in P. aeruginosa.{{cite journal|pmid=10348756|year=1999|last1=Carmeli|first1=Y|last2=Troillet|first2=N|last3=Eliopoulos|first3=GM|last4=Samore|first4=MH|title=Emergence of Antibiotic-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Comparison of Risks Associated with Different Antipseudomonal Agents|volume=43|issue=6|pages=1379–82|pmc=89282|journal=Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy|doi=10.1128/AAC.43.6.1379}}

In 2000, the complete genome of a Pseudomonas species was sequenced; more recently, the genomes of other species have been sequenced, including P. aeruginosa PAO1 (2000), P. putida KT2440 (2002), P. fluorescens Pf-5 (2005), P. fluorescens PfO-1, and P. entomophila L48. Several pathovars of Pseudomonas syringae have been sequenced, including pathovar tomato DC3000 (2003), pathovar syringae B728a (2005), and pathovar phaseolica 1448A (2005).

Distinguishing characteristics

Oxidase positive – due to the presence of the enzyme cytochrome c oxidase.
Nonfermentative
Many metabolise glucose by the Entner-Doudoroff pathway mediated by 6-phosphoglyceraldehyde dehydrogenase and aldolase
Polar flagella, enabling motility
Many members produce derivatives of the fluorescent pigment pyoverdin{{cite journal |author=Meyer J |title=Pyoverdines: pigments, siderophores and potential taxonomic markers of fluorescent Pseudomonas species |journal=Arch Microbiol |volume=174 |issue=3 |pages=135–42 |year=2000 |pmid=11041343 |doi=10.1007/s002030000188|s2cid=13283224 }}

The presence of oxidase and polar flagella and inability to carry out fermentation differentiate pseudomonads from the Enterobacteriaceae.Krieg, N.R. (Ed.) (1984) Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Volume 1. Williams & Wilkins. {{ISBN|0-683-04108-8}}

References

Category:Pseudomonadales