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quadrangular castle

{{Short description|Type of castle}}

File:Bolton Castle.JPG, in England]]

A quadrangular castle or courtyard castle is a type of castle characterised by ranges of buildings which are integral with the curtain walls, enclosing a central ward or quadrangle, and typically with angle towers. There is no keep and frequently no distinct gatehouse. The quadrangular form predominantly dates from the mid to late fourteenth century and signals the transition from defensively to domestically oriented great houses. The four walls are also known as ranges.

Quadrangular castles typically display a sophisticated and complex approach to the planning of internal social spaces.{{cite journal|last=Faulkner|first=P|title=Domestic planning from the 12th to the 14th centuries|journal=Archaeological Journal|volume=115|pages=150–83|year=1958|doi=10.1080/00665983.1958.10854132}}{{cite journal|last=Faulkner|first=P|title=Castle planning in the fourteenth century|journal=Archaeological Journal|volume=120|pages=215–35|year=1963|doi=10.1080/00665983.1963.10854241}} There are many quadrangular castles around the UK, for example: Bodiam Castle in East Sussex, and Bolton Castle.

The 27 quadrangular castles identified by John Rickard as being built in England consist roughly 10% of the castles built in the country between 1272 and 1422. No castles of this design were built in Wales.{{cite book|last=Rickard|first=John|title=The castle community: the personnel of English and Welsh castles : 1272 - 1422|date=2002|publisher=Boydell|location=Woodbridge|isbn=9780851159133|page=21|edition=1. publ.}}

One of the earliest quadrangular castles in Germany is Neuleiningen, of which substantial ruins remain.

List of quadrangular castles in the United Kingdom

class='wikitable sortable' style="width:100%"

!Name

!Location

!Coordinates

!Constructed

!Built for

!Designed by

!Heritage status

!Image

Beverston Castle

| Cotswold

| {{Coord|51.6442

2.20139|display=inline}}

| 1225

| Maurice de Gaunt
Thomas de Berkeley, 3rd Baron Berkeley

| anonymous

| Grade I listed building
scheduled monument

| File:Beverston Castle.jpg

Bodiam Castle

| East Sussex

| {{Coord|51.00226|0.54353|display=inline}}

| 1385

| Edward Dalyngrigge

| anonymous

| Grade I listed building
scheduled monument

| File:Bodiam-castle-10My8-1197.jpg

Bolton Castle

| North Yorkshire

| {{Coord|54.3221

1.94991|display=inline}}

| 1379

| Richard le Scrope, 1st Baron Scrope of Bolton

| John Lewyn

| Grade I listed building
scheduled monument

| File:Bolton Castle.JPG

Caverswall Castle

| Staffordshire Moorlands

| {{Coord|52.9826

2.0746|display=inline}}

| 1275

| {{ill|William de Caverswall|d|Q28653643}}

| anonymous

| Grade I listed building

| File:Caverswall Castle.jpg

Cawood Castle

| North Yorkshire

| {{Coord|53.8313

1.1278|display=inline}}

| 1378

| John Kemp

| anonymous

| Grade I listed building
scheduled monument

| File:Cawood Castle.jpg

{{ill|Chideock Castle|d|Q17677062
}

| Dorset

| {{Coord|50.7343|-2.81825|display=inline}}

| 1370s

| {{ill|Sir John Chideock|d|Q28653538}}

| anonymous

| scheduled monument

|

|-

| Chillingham Castle

| Northumberland

| {{Coord|55.526|-1.905|display=inline}}

| 1344

| {{ill|Sir Thomas Heton|d|Q28653686}}

| anonymous

| Grade I listed building

| File:Chillingham Castle.jpg

|-

| Cooling Castle

| Medway

| {{Coord|51.4555|0.522732|display=inline}}

| 1380s

| John de Cobham, 3rd Baron Cobham

| Henry Yevele

| Grade I listed building
scheduled monument

| File:Cooling Castle, 2011.jpg

|-

| {{ill|Danby Castle|d|Q17526147}}

| North Yorkshire

| {{Coord|54.4555|-0.895197|display=inline}}

| 1302

| {{ill|William Latimer, 1st Lord Latimer|d|Q18672897}}

| anonymous

| Grade I listed building
scheduled monument

| File:Danby Castle 1.jpg

|-

| Farleigh Hungerford Castle

| Somerset

| {{Coord|51.3174|-2.2869|display=inline}}

| 1383

| Thomas Hungerford

| anonymous

| Grade I listed building
scheduled monument

| File:Farleigh Hungerford Castle gate.JPG

|-

| Ford Castle

| Northumberland

| {{Coord|55.6314|-2.09025|display=inline}}

| 1338

| {{ill|Sir William Heron|d|Q28653701}}

| anonymous

| Grade I listed building

| File:Ford Castle - geograph.org.uk - 365306.jpg

|-

| Fyvie Castle

| Aberdeenshire

| {{Coord|57.4433|-2.3949|display=inline}}

| 1300s

| anonymous

| anonymous

| category A listed building

| File:Fyvie Castle, Geograph.jpg

|-

| Greys Court

| South Oxfordshire

| {{Coord|51.545|-0.956164|display=inline}}

| 1348

| John de Grey, 1st Baron Grey de Rotherfield
Francis Knollys, 1st Viscount Knollys
Baron Lovel

| anonymous

| Grade I listed building
scheduled monument

| File:Greys Court.jpg

|-

| Greystoke Castle

| Westmorland and Furness

| {{Coord|54.66998|-2.87705|display=inline}}

| 1353

| William de Greystoke, 2nd Baron Greystoke

| anonymous

| Grade II* listed building

| File:Greystoke Castle.jpg

|-

| Hartley Castle

| Westmorland and Furness

| {{Coord|54.4691|-2.33655|display=inline}}

| 1353

| {{ill|Thomas de Musgrave|d|Q28654163}}
Sir Richard Musgrave, 1st Baronet

| anonymous

| scheduled monument
Grade II listed building

| File:Hartley Castle.jpg

|-

| Hemyock Castle

| Mid Devon

| {{Coord|50.9125|-3.23156|display=inline}}

| 1380

| Margaret and William Asthorpe

| anonymous

| scheduled monument
Grade II* listed building

| File:Hemyock Castle - geograph.org.uk - 1491334.jpg

|-

| Hever Castle

| Hever

| {{Coord|51.186944|0.113889|display=inline}}

| 1271

| {{ill|William de Hever|d|Q28609816}}

| anonymous

| Grade I listed building

| File:Hever Castle.jpg

|-

| Inverlochy Castle

| Highland

| {{Coord|56.8326|-5.081|display=inline}}

| 1270s

| Clan Cumming

| anonymous

| category B listed building

| File:Inverlochy 1.jpg

|-

| Lumley Castle

| County Durham

| {{Coord|54.8547|-1.55293|display=inline}}

| 1389

| Ralph de Lumley, 1st Baron Lumley

| John Lewyn
John Vanbrugh

| Grade I listed building

| File:Lumley Castle Hotel - geograph.org.uk - 579104.jpg

|-

| Maxstoke Castle

| Warwickshire

| {{Coord|52.4994|-1.67167|display=inline}}

| 1345

| William de Clinton, 1st Earl of Huntingdon

| anonymous

| Grade I listed building
scheduled monument

| File:Maxstoke Castle, 2010.jpg

|-

| Moor End Castle

| Northamptonshire

| {{Coord|52.0949|-0.900155|display=inline}}

| 1347

| Edward III of England
{{ill|Thomas de Ferrers|d|Q28654179}}

| anonymous

| scheduled monument

|

|-

| Raby Castle

| County Durham

| {{Coord|54.59092|-1.80175|display=inline}}

| 1378

| House of Neville

| John Lewyn

| Grade I listed building

| File:Raby Castle - geograph.org.uk - 1523038.jpg

|-

| Ravensworth Castle

| Tyne and Wear

| {{Coord|54.9262|-1.6384|display=inline}}

| 1350s

| Marmaduke Lumley

| anonymous

| Grade II* listed building
scheduled monument

| File:Ravensworth Castle - geograph.org.uk - 1558897.jpg

|-

| Sheriff Hutton Castle

| North Yorkshire

| {{Coord|54.0881|-1.00519|display=inline}}

| 1382

| John Neville, 3rd Baron Neville de Raby

| John Lewyn

| Grade II* listed building
scheduled monument

| File:Sheriff hutton castle.jpg

|-

| Shirburn Castle

| South Oxfordshire

| {{Coord|51.6576|-0.9938|display=inline}}

| 1377

| {{ill|Warin de Lisle|d|Q28654555}}

| Henry Yevele

| Grade I listed building

| File:Shirburn-cropped.jpg

|-

| Somerton Castle

| North Kesteven

| {{Coord|53.1174|-0.57616|display=inline}}

| 1281

| Antony Bek

| anonymous

| Grade I listed building
scheduled monument

| File:Somerton Castle-Geograph-1055605-by-Richard-Croft.jpg

|-

| Starborough Castle

| Surrey

| {{Coord|51.1783|0.0386396|display=inline}}

| 1341

| Reginald de Cobham, 1st Baron Cobham

| anonymous

| scheduled monument
Grade II* listed building

| File:Starborough Castle.jpg

|-

|Sudeley Castle

|Gloucestershire

| {{Coord|51.5650|-1.5722|display=inline}}

|1443

|Ralph Boteler, 1st Baron Sudeley

|anonymous

|Grade I listed building

|File:Sudeley Castle from the Cotswolds Way.jpg

|-

| Westenhanger Castle

| Kent
Shepway

| {{Coord|51.0944|1.03144|display=inline}}

| 1343

| {{ill|John de Criol|d|Q28654403|}}
Edward Poynings

| anonymous

| scheduled monument
Grade I listed building

| File:Westenhanger Castle - geograph.org.uk - 889584.jpg

|-

| Wingfield Castle

| Mid Suffolk

| {{Coord|52.3479|1.2614|display=inline}}

| 1384

| Michael de la Pole, 1st Earl of Suffolk

| anonymous

| Grade I listed building

| File:Wingfield Castle - geograph.org.uk - 354164.jpg

|-

| Woodcroft Castle

| Cambridgeshire

| {{Coord|52.6263|-0.3172|display=inline}}

| 1280

| anonymous

| anonymous

| Grade II* listed building

| File:WoodcroftCastle.jpg

|-

| {{ill|Woodsford Castle|d|Q17532667}}

| Dorset

| {{Coord|50.7126|-2.34389|display=inline}}

| 1336

| {{ill|William de Whitefield|d|Q28653518}}
Guy de Bryan, 1st Baron Bryan

| anonymous

| Grade I listed building

| File:Woodsford Castle - geograph.org.uk - 924711.jpg

|-

| Wressle Castle

| East Riding of Yorkshire

| {{Coord|53.7755|-0.929291|display=inline}}

| 1390s

| Thomas Percy, 1st Earl of Worcester
Henry Percy, 5th Earl of Northumberland

| John Lewyn

| Grade I listed building
scheduled monument

| File:Wressle-Castle-29042011.jpg

|}

References

{{reflist}}{{Commonscat|Quadrangular castle}}{{Fortifications}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Quadrangular Castle}}

Category:Fortifications by type

Category:Castles by type