radiodetermination
{{Short description|Active and passive means of determining position via radio waves}}
File:RAAF AN-FPS-117 radar in 2007.jpg
As defined by FS-1037C and ITU Radio Regulations, radiodetermination is:{{cite book | title=Radio Regulations |chapter=Chapter I – Terminology and technical characteristics | date=2020 |author=ITU |publisher=International Telecommunications Union (ITU) | url=https://www.itu.int/pub/R-REG-RR-2020 |chapter-url=https://life.itu.int/radioclub/rr/art1.pdf | access-date=2024-03-24}}
the determination of the position, velocity or other characteristics of an object, or the obtaining of information relating to these parameters, by means of the propagation properties of radio waves
There are two main fields to radiodetermination:
- radionavigation: "used for the purposes of navigation, including obstruction warning", which is mainly active;
- radiolocation: "used for purposes other than those of radionavigation", which is mainly passive.
Radar is a radiodetermination system based on the reflection (or retransmission) of a radio wave by an object at a position to be determined.
Examples
Radiotriangulation.jpg| Triangulation using radiodetermination
British Post Office interference finding truck 1927.jpg|British Post Office mobile RDF, 1927
NSGA Galeta Island Site.jpg|Direction-finding system Galeta Island
Pelengator.jpg|Direction finder with direction-finding aerial
International regulation
Radiodetermination service is – according to Article 1.4 of the International Telecommunication Union's (ITU) Radio Regulations (RR)ITU Radio Regulations, Section IV. Radio Stations and Systems – Article 1.40, definition: radiodetermination service – defined as "A radiocommunication service for the purpose of radiodetermination."
Radiodetermination-satelliteservice is – according to Article 1.41 of the ITU-RR – defined as "A radiocommunication service for the purpose of radiodetermination involving the use of one or more space stations. This service may also include feeder links necessary for its own operation."
=Classification=
This radiocommunication service is classified in accordance with ITU-RR (article 1) as follows:
Radiodetermination service (article 1.40)
- Radiodetermination-satellite service (article 1.41)
- Radionavigation service (article 1.42)
- Radionavigation-satellite service (article 1.43)
- Maritime radionavigation service (article 1.444)
- Maritime radionavigation-satellite service (article 1.45)
- Aeronautical radionavigation service (article 1.46)
- Aeronautical radionavigation-satellite service (article 1.47)
- Radiolocation service (article 1.48)
- Radiolocation-satellite service (article 1.49)
=Frequency allocation=
The allocation of radio frequencies is provided according to Article 5 of the ITU-RR(edition 2012).ITU Radio Regulations, CHAPTER II – Frequencies, ARTICLE 5 Frequency allocations, Section IV – Table of Frequency Allocations
In order to improve harmonisation in spectrum utilisation, the majority of service-allocations stipulated in this document were incorporated in national Tables of Frequency Allocations and Utilisations which is within the responsibility of the appropriate national administration. The allocation might be primary, secondary, exclusive, and shared.
- primary allocation: is indicated by writing in capital letters
- secondary allocation: is indicated by small letters
- exclusive or shared utilization: is within the responsibility of administrations
; Example of frequency allocation:
class=wikitable |
bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center"
|align="center" colspan="3"| Allocation to services |
align="center"
| align="center" | Region 1 | Region 2 | Region 3 |
1 610–1 610.6 MHz :MOBILE-SATELLITE ::(Earth-to-space) :AERONAUTICAL RADIONAVIGATION |1 610–1 610.6 MHz :MOBILE-SATELLITE ::(Earth-to-space) :AERONAUTICAL RADIONAVIGATION :RADIODETERMINATION-SATELLITE ::(Earth-to-space) |1 610–1 610.6 :MOBILE-SATELLITE ::(Earth-to-space) :AERONAUTICAL RADIONAVIGATION :Radiodetermination-satellite ::(Earth-to-space) |
Stations
A radiodetermination station is – according to article 1.86 of the ITU-RRITU Radio Regulations, Section IV. Radio Stations and Systems – Article 1.86, definition: radiodetermination station – defined as "A radio station in the radiodetermination service."
A radiodetermination station uses reception of radio waves in order to determine the location of an object, under the condition that this thing is reflecting and/or transmitting radio waves. This designation may also be the collective name of any radar set in general, up to target location, illuminating, acquisition and tracking, as well as radar sigh, altimeter and precision-guided munitions or bombs.
Each radiodetermination station shall be classified by the radiocommunication service in which it operates permanently or temporarily. In accordance with ITU-RR (article 1) this type of radio station might be classified as follows:
Radiodetermination station
- Radionavigation mobile station (article 1.87) of the radionavigation service (article 1.42)
- Radionavigation land station (article 1.88) of the radionavigation service
- Radiolocation mobile station (article 1.89) of the radiolocation service (article 1.48)
- Radiolocation land station (article 1.90) of the radiolocation service
- Radio direction-finding station (article 1.91)
Gallery
Radar antenna.jpg|{{center|A long-range radar (parabolic antenna)}}
Tesla OPRL-4.jpg|{{center|Air Traffic Control}}
Radar PRV-17 2009 G2.jpg|{{center|mobile High finder radar}}
RAAF radar.jpg|{{center|RAAF radar, AN/TPS-77}}
Cavalierairforcestationparcs.jpg|{{center|AN/FPQ-16 PARCS (Active Phased Array Radar)}}
APAR.jpg|{{center|Sea-mobile radar (Frigate Hamburg)}}
ME-110G-2 at RAF Hendon.jpg|{{center|Air borne radar „Lichtenstein SN-2“ in the ME Bf 110G}}
Mark 68 director containing SPG-53.jpg|{{center|Weapon homing radar}}
US Navy 060109-N-3019M-012 The heavy lift vessel MV Blue Marlin enters Pearl Harbor, Hawaii with the Sea Based X-Band Radar (SBX) aboard.jpg|{{center|Sea-based x-band radar}}
Bundesarchiv Bild 101I-356-1845-08, Frankreich, Radar an der Kanalküste.jpg|{{center|Land radar (Fire control radar FuMG 39 „Würzburg“)}}
QuikScat.jpg|{{center|QuikSCAT-Satellite, with Wind-profiling-radar}}
OSTM-06.jpg|{{center|OSTM-06-Satellite, with High-altimeter-radar}}
Icesat.jpg|{{center|ICESat1-Satellite, with Multi-purpose-radar}}
See also
{{Radio station ITU}}
References
{{reflist}}
{{FS1037C}}
Further reading
- {{cite web | title=Chapter 4: Radiodetermination and Radiodetermination-Satellite Services | website=US Spectrum Requirements: Projections and Trends | date=1993-12-31 | url=https://www.ntia.doc.gov/legacy/osmhome/EPS/openness/sp_rqmnts/radar4.html | ref={{sfnref | US Spectrum Requirements: Projections and Trends | 1993}} | access-date=2020-09-01}}