radionuclide generator

{{for|the device that generates electricity from radioactive decay|radioisotope generator}}

A radionuclide generator is a device which provides a local supply of a short-lived radioactive substance from the decay of a longer-lived parent radionuclide. They are commonly used in nuclear medicine to supply a radiopharmacy.{{cite book |last1=Rösch |first1=F |last2=Knapp |first2=F F |editor1-last=Vértes |editor1-first=Attila |editor2-last=Nagy |editor2-first=Sándor |editor3-last=Klencsár |editor3-first=Zoltan |editor4-last=Lovas |editor4-first=Rezső G. |title=Handbook of Nuclear Chemistry: Radiochemistry and radiopharmaceutical chemistry in life sciences |date=2003 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=9781402013164 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0skQvMEa8EYC&pg=PA81 |language=en |chapter=Radionuclide Generators}} The generator provides a way to separate the desired product from the parent, typically in a process that can be repeated several times over the life of the parent.{{cite book |last1=Vallabhajosula |first1=Shankar |title=Molecular Imaging: Radiopharmaceuticals for PET and SPECT |date=2009 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=9783540767350 |page=56 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bUmcxfnlkt8C&pg=PA56 |language=en}}{{cite book |last1=Saha |first1=Gopal B. |title=Fundamentals of Nuclear Pharmacy |date=2010 |publisher=Springer |isbn=9781441958600 |page=67 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bEXqI4ACk-AC&pg=PA67 |language=en}}

Use of a generator avoids the challenge of distributing short-lived radionuclides from the original production site (typically a nuclear reactor) to individual users; the loss of activity due to decay in transit can result in too little being supplied or the need for much larger initial quantities to be sent out (incurring additional production and transport costs).{{cite journal |last1=Currie |first1=GM |last2=Wheat |first2=JM |last3=Davidson |first3=R |last4=Kiat |first4=H |title=Radionuclide production |journal=Radiographer |date=September 2011 |volume=58 |issue=3 |pages=46–52 |doi=10.1002/j.2051-3909.2011.tb00155.x|doi-access=free}} An alternative to generators for on-site production of radionuclides is a cyclotron, though it is uncommon that the same radionuclide can be provided by both methods. It is feasible to have cyclotrons at larger centres, but they are much more expensive and complex than generators. In some cases a cyclotron is used to produce the parent radionuclide for a generator.{{cite book |last1=IAEA |title=Cyclotron produced radionuclides : principles and practice. |date=2008 |publisher=International Atomic Energy Agency |location=Vienna |isbn=978-92-0-100208-2 |url=https://www.iaea.org/publications/7849/cyclotron-produced-radionuclides-principles-and-practice}}

Long-lived radionuclides which are administered to a patient with a view to utilising useful properties of a daughter product have been termed in-vivo generators, though they are not routinely used clinically.{{cite journal |last1=Edem |first1=Patricia E. |last2=Fonslet |first2=Jesper |last3=Kjær |first3=Andreas |last4=Herth |first4=Matthias |last5=Severin |first5=Gregory |title=In Vivo Radionuclide Generators for Diagnostics and Therapy |journal=Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications |date=2016 |volume=2016 |pages=1–8 |doi=10.1155/2016/6148357 |pmid=28058040 |pmc=5183759 |doi-access=free }}