raid on Dover

{{Distinguish|text=the Raid on Port Dover, Ontario, during the War of 1812}}

{{Infobox military conflict

| image = Night Attack of Indians.jpg

| image_size = 250

| caption = Major Waldron defending garrison

| conflict = Raid on Dover
{{small|Cochecho Massacre}}

| partof = King William's War

| date = June 27–28, 1689

| place = Dover, Province of New Hampshire

| result = Pennacook victory

| combatant2 = Residents of Dover

| combatant1 = Pennacook

| commander2 = Major Richard Waldron

| commander1 = Kancamagus{{efn|Kancamagus was also known as John Hogkin or John Hawkins.{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/stream/cihm_02485#page/17/mode/2up|title=True stories of New England captives carried to Canada during the old French and Indian wars [microform]|year=1897|isbn=9780665024856 }}{{Cite web |url=http://www.nashuatelegraph.com/living/lifestyles/793008-224/kancamagus-led-pennacook-uprisings-against-english-encroachment.html |title=Kancamagus led Pennacook uprisings against English encroachment - NashuaTelegraph.com |access-date=2013-06-13 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000454/http://www.nashuatelegraph.com/living/lifestyles/793008-224/kancamagus-led-pennacook-uprisings-against-english-encroachment.html |url-status=dead }}}}

| strength2 = Unknown

| strength1 = Unknown

| casualties2 = 23 killed, 29 captured

| casualties1 = Unknown

}}

The Raid on Dover (also known as the Cochecho Massacre) took place in Dover, New Hampshire, on June 27–28, 1689. Led by Chief Kancamagus of the Pennacook, it was part of King William's War, the North American theater of the Nine Years' War (1688–1697), fought between England and France and their respective Native allies.

Cause

At the end of King Philip's War (1675–1678), a number of Indians fleeing the Massachusetts Bay Colony militia took refuge with the Abenaki tribe living in Dover. In response, the Dover area militia ordered Major Richard Waldron to attack the fleeing natives and demanded the Abenaki turn over any refugee combatants.

Waldron believed he could capture the fleeing natives without a pitched battle, and so on September 7, 1676, deceptively invited the natives—about 400 in total, half local and half refugees, to participate in a mock battle against the militia near Cochecho Falls. After the natives discharged their guns, Waldron and Major Charles Frost took them prisoner. He sent both refugee combatants and those locals who violently objected to Boston, where seven or eight were convicted of insurrection and executed. The rest were sold into slavery, most in Barbados.

Local Indians were released, but never forgave Waldron for the deception, which violated both sides' rules of honor and hospitality. Waldron was appointed Chief Justice for New Hampshire in 1683.

Revenge

Image:Major Waldrons Terrible Fight.jpg]]

Thirteen years passed and colonial settlers believed the incident forgotten, when members of the newly formed Wabanaki Confederacy arrived at Dover. Citizens expressed concern to Waldron, but he told them to "go and plant your pumpkins, and he would take care of the Indians."{{cite web |last=Robinson |first=J. Dennis |year=1997 |url=http://www.seacoastnh.com/history/colonial/massacre.html |title=Cochecho Massacre |work=Seacoast NH History |publisher=www.seacoastnh.com |accessdate=2010-07-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100114033058/http://www.seacoastnh.com/history/colonial/massacre.html |archive-date=2010-01-14 |url-status=dead }}

On June 27, 1689, two native women appeared at each of five garrison houses, asking permission to sleep by the fire, not uncommon in peaceful times. All but one house accepted. In the dark early hours of the next day, the women unfastened the doors, allowing braves who had concealed themselves to enter. The sword-wielding elderly Waldron"Cochecho Massacre", Dover Library, http://www.dover.lib.nh.us/DoverHistory/cocheco.htm {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205080611/http://www.dover.lib.nh.us/DoverHistory/cocheco.htm# |date=2012-02-05 }}Garland, Caroline Harwood, "Old Dover, New Hampshire", The New England Magazine, Volume 0023, Issue 1 (Sept. 1897), p.103, as found at http://digital.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=newe&cc=newe&idno=newe0023-1&node=newe0023-1%3A1&frm=frameset&view=image&seq=111) was cut across his belly with knives, with each warrior saying "I cross out my account."

Five or six dwelling houses were burned, along with the mills. Fifty-two colonists, a full quarter of the entire population, were captured or slain.

Aftermath

Captives included Waldron's seven-year-old grandchild Sarah Gerrish, daughter of Elizabeth and John Gerrish.{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/borderwarsnew00drakrich#page/22/mode/1up|title = The border wars of New England, commonly called King William's and Queen Anne's wars|year = 1897}}{{cite book | url=https://archive.org/details/siegecaptureoffo00hull | page=[https://archive.org/details/siegecaptureoffo00hull/page/101 101] | quote=captive Sarah Gerrish and others quebec. | title=The Siege and Capture of Fort Loyall, Destruction of Falmouth, May 20, 1690 (O.s.): A Paper Read Before the Maine Genealogical Society, June 2, 1885| publisher=Owen, Strout & Company, printers | last1=Hull| first1=John Thomas| last2=City Council| first2=Portland (Me. ).| year=1885}} These were the first recorded British captives that natives abducted and sold in Quebec.[https://archive.org/details/historynewhamps00belkgoog Belknap, p. 129]

In the following month Pemaquid, Maine, met a similar fate.{{Cite web|url=http://www.usahistory.info/colonial-wars/King-Williams-War.html|title=Viasat Internet | Viasat Satellite Internet}} John Gyles was taken prisoner at Pemaquid and brought back to Dover, where he reported being in the company of captives taken in the earlier Dover raid.{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/borderwarsnew00drakrich#page/34/mode/1up|title = The border wars of New England, commonly called King William's and Queen Anne's wars|year = 1897}}

Legacy

The William Damm Garrison House, built in 1675, survived the raid, and was moved to the grounds of the Woodman Institute Museum. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Notes

Sources

[https://archive.org/details/historynewhamps00belkgoog Belknap. The History of New Hampshire. Vol. 1. 1792, p. 128]
The history of the great Indian war of 1675 and 1676, commonly called Philip ... By Benjamin Church, Thomas Church, Samuel Gardner Drake. p. 187 [https://books.google.com/books?id=gA8TAAAAYAAJ&q=1690 Church's book]
[https://books.google.com/books?id=X1MzSf7X0U4C&dq=%22fanny+noble%22+captivity&pg=PA166 Captivity Narrative from the Raid on Dover, Samuel Drake, p. 68]
[https://archive.org/stream/cihm_44048#page/n531/mode/2up Cotton Mather. Magnalia Christi Americana, or, The ecclesiastical history of New-England: from its first planting in the year 1620, unto the year of Our Lord, 1698, in seven books (1820)]