raisin bread

{{Infobox food

| name = Raisin bread

| image = Cinnamon swirl raisin bread.jpg

| image_size = 250px

| caption = Raisin bread with cinnamon sugar swirled in the dough

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| type = Sweet bread

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| main_ingredient = Grain, Raisins, Yeast{{cite book|author=Charel Scheele|title=Old World Breads and the History of a Flemish Baker|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X-Y5q8vhExEC&pg=PA86|date=October 12, 2011|publisher=iUniverse|isbn=978-1-4620-5472-5|page=86}}

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Raisin bread or fruit bread (also known as fruit toast or raisin toast in New Zealand and Australia){{Cite web |title=Fruit bread – Eat Well Recipe |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/eatwell/recipes/fruit-bread/BAVETYWBKCBQL3ZJVZ7A3UPGDY/ |access-date=2022-04-08 |website=The New Zealand Herald |language=en-NZ}} is a type of bread made with raisins and flavored with cinnamon. It is "usually a white flour or egg dough bread".{{cite book|editor=Mark Bricklin|title=Prevention Magazine's Nutrition Advisor: The Ultimate Guide to the Health-Boosting and Health-Harming Factors in Your Diet|year=1994|publisher=Rodale|isbn=978-0-87596-225-2|page=80}} Aside from white flour, raisin bread is also made with other flours, such as all-purpose flour, oat flour, or whole wheat flour. Some recipes include honey, brown sugar, eggs, or butter.{{cite book|author1=Mark Bricklin|title=Prevention Magazine's Nutrition Advisor: The Ultimate Guide to the Health-Boosting and Health-Harming Factors in Your Diet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iPFokL0MuswC&pg=PA80|date=15 August 1994|publisher=Rodale|isbn=978-0-87596-225-2|page=80}} Variations of the recipe include the addition of walnuts,{{cite news|title=Delia skims the goalpost|newspaper=The Independent on Sunday|date=25 June 2000}} hazelnuts,{{cite news|last=Miers|first=Thomasina|title=Party season's big dippers|newspaper=The Times|date=15 December 2007}} pecans{{cite news|last=Richardson|first=Belinda|title='We could be in the lounge bar of an ocean-going liner'|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|date=25 June 2005}} or, for a dessert, rum or whisky.{{cite news|title=10 top spots near the shops|newspaper=The Times|date=15 December 2007}}{{cite news|last=Ferrier|first=Clare|title=The Royal Oak, Brookland|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|date=13 September 2008}}

Raisin bread is eaten in many different forms, including being served toasted for breakfast ("raisin toast") or made into sandwiches.{{cite book|last=Hensperger|first=Beth|title=The Bread Lover's Bread Machine Cookbook|year= 2000|publisher=Harvard Common Press|isbn=978-1-55832-156-4|page=449}} Some restaurants serve raisin bread with their cheeseboards.{{cite news|last=Mclean|first=Neil|title=If this is a diet, count me in|newspaper=The Sunday Times|date=27 June 2004}}

History

Its invention has been popularly incorrectly attributed to Henry David Thoreau{{cite web| url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2017/07/11/535770269/what-did-thoreau-really-eat-you-might-be-surprised| title=What Did Thoreau Really Eat? You Might Be Surprised| website=NPR| date=July 11, 2017| publisher=National Public Radio|access-date=July 11, 2017| last1=Fain| first1=Jean}}Dolis, J. (2005) Tracking Thoreau: double-crossing nature and technology

[https://books.google.com/books?id=5DCLZCtFto0C&dq=raisin%20bread%20Thoreau&pg=PA32 p.32.] Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press

{{ISBN|0-8386-4045-1}} Retrieved January 2012{{#tag:ref|Walter Harding wrote in his biography of Henry Thoreau that the man had created raisin bread. Author Ken Jennings writes: "It seems the eminent Professor Harding was taken in by, of all things, a story in a 1943 Ladies' Home Journal article, which got its delicious, raisiny facts from a longstanding legend in Thoreau's hometown of Concord, Massachusetts... Ultimately Harding recanted his claims in a 1990 Thoreau Society Bulletin titled 'Thoreau and Raisin Bread.{{'"}}|group="nb"}} in Concord, Massachusetts lore, as there have been published recipes for bread with raisins since 1671.{{cite book|author=Ken Jennings|title=Brainiac: Adventures in the Curious, Competitive, Compulsive World of Trivia Buffs|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tXi_rfgUWCcC&pg=PT168|date=September 12, 2006|publisher=Random House Publishing Group|isbn=978-1-58836-552-1|page=168}} Since the 15th century, breads made with raisins were made in Europe. In Germany stollen was a Christmas bread. Kulich was an Easter bread made in Russia and panettone was made in Italy.{{cite web | url=http://www.sunmaid.com/history-of-raisins-and-dried-fruit.html | title=History of Raisins and Dried Fruit | publisher=Sun Maid | access-date=November 26, 2013}} The earliest citation for "raisin bread" in the Oxford English Dictionary is dated to an 1845 article in Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine.{{cite web|title=raisin, n.|url=http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/157621|work=Oxford English Dictionary|publisher=Oxford University Press|access-date=26 November 2013}} In England, raisin bread became a common element of high tea from the second half of the 19th century.{{cite news|last=Wilson|first=Bee|title=There's nothing 'high' about high tea|newspaper=The Times|date=9 March 2002}} In the 1920s, raisin bread was advertised as "The Bread Of Iron", due to the high iron content of the raisins.{{cite news|title=The Bread of Iron (advertisement)|url=http://oregonnews.uoregon.edu/lccn/sn83045782/1921-09-18/ed-1/seq-56.pdf|access-date= November 26, 2013|newspaper=The Sunday Oregonian|date=September 18, 1921|location=Portland, Oregon}} The bread became increasingly popular among English bakers in the 1960s.{{cite news|last=Woodland|first=John|title=Price blow to raisin traders in UK|newspaper=The Times|date=20 October 1967}}

Varieties

File:Raisin Challa.jpg

European versions of raisin bread include the Estonian "kringel"{{cite news|last=Brûlé|first=Tyler|title=Things to do, places to go|newspaper=The Financial Times|date=27 December 2008}} and the Slovakian "vianočka"{{cite news|last=Gill|first=Jaime|title=A winter affair|newspaper=The Guardian |date=22 November 2008}} and "stafidopsomo" in Greece. A similar food is raisin challah, a traditional Jewish food for Shabbat and holidays.{{cite book|author1=Phyllis Glazer|author2=Miriyam Glazer|title=The Essential Book of Jewish Festival Cooking|date=March 29, 2011|publisher=HarperCollins|isbn=978-0-06-204121-0|page=127}} It has been suggested that Garibaldi biscuits were based on a raisin bread that was eaten by the troops of Italian general Giuseppe Garibaldi.{{cite news|last=Vallely|first=Paul|title=Garibaldi: The First Global Action Hero|newspaper=The Independent|date=30 June 2007}}

In Australia and New Zealand, buttered raisin toast is common for breakfast.

Production

The United States Code of Federal Regulations specifies standards that raisin bread produced in the country must meet. This includes a requirement for the weight of the raisins to be equal to 50% of the weight of flour used.{{cite web|title=Section 136.160 – Raisin bread, rolls, and buns|url=http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2005-title21-vol2/xml/CFR-2005-title21-vol2-sec136-160.xml|work=Code of Federal Regulations|access-date=26 November 2013|date=1 April 2005}} Raisin bread is one of five types of bread for which federal standards have been outlined.{{cite magazine|title=Taking the wraps off bread|date=May 1982|publisher=Kiplinger Washington Editors, Inc.|page=40|magazine=Kiplinger's Personal Finance Magazine|issn=1528-9729}}

In cosmology

The ways in which individual raisins move during rising and baking of the bread is often used as an analogy to explain the expansion of the universe.{{cite web|title=What does it mean when they say the universe is expanding?|url=https://www.loc.gov/rr/scitech/mysteries/universe.html|work=Everyday Mysteries: Fun Science Facts from the Library of Congress|publisher=The Library of Congress|access-date=November 26, 2013|date=August 23, 2010}}{{cite web|title=Tests of Big Bang: Expansion|url=http://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/universe/bb_tests_exp.html|work=WMAP's Universe|publisher=National Aeronautics and Space Administration|access-date=November 26, 2013|author=NASA/WMAP Science Team|date=March 25, 2013}}

Notes

References

External links

{{Commons category-inline}}
{{Wiktionary-inline|raisin bread}}

Category:Sweet breads

Bread