raw foodism

Raw food diets are diets composed entirely or mostly of food that is uncooked or that is cooked at low temperatures.{{cite encyclopedia|veditors=Smith AF, Kraig B | encyclopedia=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Food and Drink in America| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DOJMAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA537| year=2013| publisher=Oxford University Press| isbn=978-0-19-973496-2| pages=537–544| volume=1| edition=2nd |title=Cooking Techniques |author=Kaufman CF}}

File:Tatar-1.jpg with raw egg, capers and onions]]

Raw animal food diets include any animal that can be eaten raw, such as uncooked, unprocessed raw muscle meats, organ meats, eggs, raw dairy, and aged, raw animal foods such as century eggs, fermented meat/fish/shellfish/kefir, as well as vegetables, fruits, nuts, and sprouts, but in general not raw grains, raw beans, and raw soy. Raw foods included in such diets have not been heated above {{convert|40|°C|°F}}.{{cite web |url=http://foodenquirer.com/food-enquirer-channel/articles/vegetarian/primal-dieting-eat-your-raw-diet-with-a-roar-.html |title=Primal Dieting: Eat Your Raw food With A Roar! |work=Foodenquirer.com |access-date=2012-01-31 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120323163001/http://www.foodenquirer.com/food-enquirer-channel/articles/vegetarian/primal-dieting-eat-your-raw-diet-with-a-roar-.html |archive-date=2012-03-23 }} "Raw Animal Foodists" believe that foods cooked above this temperature have lost much of their nutritional value and are harmful to the body. Smoked meats are frowned upon by many Raw-Omnivores.{{cite news| url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0NAH/is_2_38/ai_n24220152 | work=Natural Health | title=Model of health: as a supermodel, Carol Alt says she was often run-down. Then she switched to a raw diet and regained her energy | year=2008}} Some distinguish between hot-smoked and cold-smoked.

• The "People's Primal Potluck",{{Cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-jan-31-fo-19029-story.html |title=Meat but No Heat – Los Angeles Times |publisher=Articles.latimes.com |date=31 January 2001 |access-date=2010-05-12 |first=Emily |last=Green |url-status=live |archive-url=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20110827064413/http://articles.latimes.com/2001/jan/31/food/fo-19029 |archive-date=2011-08-27 }}{{cite web|url=http://www.vueweekly.com/well_met_raw_meat_hoorah_for_raw/ |title=Vue Weekly: Edmonton's 100% Independent Weekly: Well met, raw meat: hoorah for raw! |publisher=Vueweekly.com |date=2007-09-26 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150410191435/http://www.vueweekly.com/well_met_raw_meat_hoorah_for_raw/ |archive-date=2015-04-10 |url-status=usurped |access-date=2015-04-10}}{{Unreliable source?|date=January 2025}} anopsology (otherwise known as "instinctive eating"), and the "Raw Paleolithic Diet"{{cite web |url=http://www.rawpaleodiet.com |title=Raw Paleo Diet – The Raw Paleolithic Diet & Lifestyle! |publisher=Rawpaleodiet.com |access-date=2008-11-07 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081030044801/http://www.rawpaleodiet.com/ |archive-date=2008-10-30 }}{{Unreliable source?|date=January 2025}}{{cite web |url=http://rawpaleodiet.vpinf.com/rvaf-overview.html |title=Raw Paleo Diet – RVAF Systems Overview |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120717022607/http://rawpaleodiet.vpinf.com/rvaf-overview.html |archive-date=2012-07-17 }}{{Unreliable source?|date=January 2025}} (otherwise known as the "raw meat diet").{{Cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-wellbeing/health-news/the-raw-meat-diet-do-you-have-the-stomach-for-the-latest-celebrity-food-fad-493908.html |title=The raw meat diet: do you have the stomach for the latest celebrity food fad? – Health News, Health & Wellbeing – The Independent |publisher=Independent.co.uk |author=More for less |date=12 June 2005 |access-date=2008-11-07 |location=London |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205082336/http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-wellbeing/health-news/the-raw-meat-diet-do-you-have-the-stomach-for-the-latest-celebrity-food-fad-493908.html |archive-date=2008-12-05 }}
• The "primal diet" consists of fatty meats, organ meats, dairy, honey, minimal fruit and vegetable juices, and coconut products, all raw.{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20080914013257/http://meatalovestory.com/excerpt.html Meat: A Love Story]}}{{cite web|url=http://www.vueweekly.com/article.php?id%3D7032 |title=Vue Weekly: Edmonton's 100% Independent Weekly: Well met, raw meat: Hoorah for raw! |accessdate=2008-09-14 |url-status=usurped |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080913035951/http://www.vueweekly.com/article.php?id=7032 |archivedate=2008-09-13 }}
• The "raw Paleolithic diet",{{cite web |url=http://www.rawpaleodiet.com/ |title=Raw Paleo Diet – The Raw Paleolithic Diet & Lifestyle! |publisher=Rawpaleodiet.com |access-date=2008-11-07 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081030044801/http://www.rawpaleodiet.com/ |archive-date=2008-10-30 }} is a raw version of the (cooked) Palaeolithic diet, incorporating large amounts of raw animal foods such as meats/organ-meats, seafood, eggs, and some raw plant-foods, but usually avoiding non-Paleo foods such as raw dairy, grains, and legumes.

The founder of the Primal Diet is Aajonus Vonderplanitz, a resident of Malibu, California. It has been estimated by Aajonus Vonderplanitz that there are 20,000 followers of his raw-meat-heavy Primal Diet in North America, alone.

• Aboriginal diets consisted of large quantities of raw meats, organ meats, and berries, including the traditional diet of the Nenets tribe of Siberia,{{cite news| url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/05/13/AR2008051300583.html?sid=ST2008051302252 | newspaper=The Washington Post | title=Where Home Cooking Gets the Cold Shoulder | first=Andreas | last=Viestad | date=14 May 2008 | accessdate=2010-05-22}} and the Inuit.{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/05/13/AR2008051300583.html?sid=ST2008051302252 |title=Where Home Cooking Gets the Cold Shoulder |work=Washingtonpost.com |date=14 May 2008 |access-date=2008-11-07 |first=Andreas |last=Viestad |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121106061722/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/05/13/AR2008051300583.html?sid=ST2008051302252 |archive-date=2012-11-06 }}{{Cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/picture_gallery/07/programmes_cooking_in_the_danger_zone/html/7.stm |title=In pictures: Cooking in the Danger Zone, Rotten walrus meat |work=BBC News |access-date=2008-11-07 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090112030939/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/picture_gallery/07/programmes_cooking_in_the_danger_zone/html/7.stm |archive-date=2009-01-12 }}{{cite journal |last1=Sinclair |first1=H. M. |title=The Diet of Canadian Indians and Eskimos |journal=Proceedings of the Nutrition Society |date=March 1953 |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=69–82 |doi=10.1079/PNS19530016 |doi-access=free }}
• Pemmican is the traditional North American travel food, prepared from dried meat, fat, and berries.[http://www.spokesman.com/stories/2018/may/03/gardening-serviceberry-is-staple-of-springtime/ "Gardening: Serviceberry is staple of springtime"] The Spokesman Review. Retrieved 8 May 2018.

File:Kefir-insieme.jpg|Kefir preparation

Image:Sashimi.jpg|A sashimi dinner set

File:Raw Horse meat with labels Oct 23 2020 07-11PM.jpeg|Raw horse meat set

File:Raw Vegan Apple Pie.jpg

Raw veganism has rarely been practised in history,{{cite journal |last1=Fontana |first1=Luigi |last2=Shew |first2=Jennifer L. |last3=Holloszy |first3=John O. |last4=Villareal |first4=Dennis T. |title=Low Bone Mass in Subjects on a Long-term Raw Vegetarian Diet |journal=Archives of Internal Medicine |date=28 March 2005 |volume=165 |issue=6 |pages=684–689 |doi=10.1001/archinte.165.6.684 |pmid=15795346 }} but it became a fad in the 21st century.{{cite journal |last1=Kamiński |first1=Mikołaj |last2=Skonieczna-Żydecka |first2=Karolina |last3=Nowak |first3=Jan Krzysztof |last4=Stachowska |first4=Ewa |title=Global and local diet popularity rankings, their secular trends, and seasonal variation in Google Trends data |journal=Nutrition |date=November 2020 |volume=79-80 |pages=110759 |doi=10.1016/j.nut.2020.110759 |pmid=32563767 }} A raw vegan diet consists of unprocessed, raw plant foods that have not been heated above {{convert|40-49|°C|°F|lk=on}}. Typical foods included in raw food diets are fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, and sprouted grains and legumes.

Among raw vegans are subgroups, such as "fruitarians", "juicearians", or "sproutarians". Fruitarians eat primarily or exclusively fruits, berries, seeds, and nuts. Juicearians process their raw plant foods into juice.{{cite news |last1=NTP |first1=Ayla Freitas |title=Raw Foodism and Vegan Subgroups |url=https://www.afpafitness.com/blog/raw-foodism-vegan-subgroups |access-date=3 December 2022 |work=www.afpafitness.com |language=en-us}}

The British Dietetic Association named the raw vegan diet one of the "top 5 worst celeb diets to avoid in 2018", raising a concern that it could compromise long-term health.{{cite web|date=7 December 2017|title=Top 5 worst celeb diets to avoid in 2018|url=https://www.bda.uk.com/resource/top-5-worst-celeb-diets-to-avoid-in-2018.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731182316/https://www.bda.uk.com/resource/top-5-worst-celeb-diets-to-avoid-in-2018.html|publisher=British Dietetic Association|archive-date=2020-07-31}}

{{multiple image

| footer= Eugene Christian and George J. Drews, founders of the American raw food movement

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| alt1=Eugene Christian

| image2=George J. Drews.png

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| alt2=George J. Drews

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Early documentation of raw food dieting has been associated with hermits and monks practising asceticism. For example, John of Egypt, a hermit from the Nitrian Desert in the 4th Century, reportedly lived on a diet of dried fruit and vegetables for fifty years; he never ate anything cooked.Bangley, Bernard. (2005). Butler's Lives of the Saints: Concise, Modernized Edition. Paraclete Press. p. 67. {{ISBN|978-1557254221}} Documented evidence of a commitment to raw food was by the Ethiopian monk Qozmos, who in the late 1300s CE committed to the ascetic discipline of eating only uncooked food.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SIBVDgAAQBAJ&q=intitle:orthodox+inauthor:binns|title=The Orthodox Church of Ethiopia: A History|last=Binns|first=John|date=28 November 2016|publisher=I.B.Tauris|isbn=9781786720375|pages=30|language=en}}Kaplan, Steven. "Qozmos." Encyclopaedia Aethiopica: O-X: Vol. 4, edited by Siegbert Uhlig, Harrassowitz, 2010, p. 303. This posed a problem for his Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church monastery because he refused to eat the bread of the Eucharist, which is cooked. As a result, he fled the church and went to live with the Jewish community of the Beta Israel.

Contemporary raw food diets were first developed in Switzerland by Maximilian Bircher-Benner (1867–1939), who was influenced as a young man by the German Lebensreform movement, which saw civilization as corrupt and sought to go "back to nature"; it embraced holistic medicine, nudism, free love, regular exercise and other outdoors activity, and foods that it judged were more "natural".{{cite book |author=Fitzgerald |first=Matt |url=https://archive.org/details/dietcultssurpris0000fitz |title=Diet Cults: The Surprising Fallacy at the Core of Nutrition Fads and a Guide to Healthy Eating for the Rest of US |publisher=Pegasus Books |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-60598-560-2 |url-access=registration}}{{rp|41–43}} Bircher-Benner eventually adopted a vegetarian diet, but took that further and decided that raw food was what humans were really meant to eat; he was influenced by Charles Darwin's ideas that humans were just another kind of animal and Bircher-Benner noted that other animals do not cook their food.{{rp|41–43}} In 1904 he opened a sanatorium in the mountains outside of Zurich called "Lebendinge Kraft" or "Vital Force", a technical term in the Lebensreform movement that referred especially to sunlight; he and others believed that this energy was more "concentrated" in plants than in meat, and was diminished by cooking.{{rp|41–43}} Patients in the clinic were fed raw foods, including muesli, which was created there.{{rp|41–43}} These ideas were influential to Ann Wigmore, a notable raw food advocate, but were dismissed by scientists and the medical profession as quackery.{{rp|41–43}}

One of the earliest books to advocate raw foodism was Eugene Christian's Uncooked Foods and How to Use Them, 1904.Berry, Rynn. (2007). "Raw Foodism". In Andrew F. Smith. The Oxford Companion to American Food and Drink. Oxford University Press. pp. 493–494. {{ISBN|978-0-19-530796-2}} Other proponents from the early part of the twentieth century include Californian fruit grower Otto Carque (author of The Foundation of All Reform, 1904), George Julius Drews (author of Unfired Food and Trophotherapy, 1912), Bernarr Macfadden and Herbert Shelton. Drews influenced John and Vera Richter to open America's first raw food restaurant "The Eutropheon" in 1917.

Shelton was arrested, jailed, and fined numerous times for practising medicine without a license during his career as an advocate of rawism and other alternative health and diet philosophies. Shelton's legacy, as popularized by books like Fit for Life by Harvey and Marilyn Diamond, has been deemed "pseudonutrition" by the National Council Against Health Fraud.{{cite web|last=Jarvis, PhD|first=William T.|title=Fasting|url=http://www.ncahf.org/articles/e-i/fasting.html |publisher=National Council Against Health Fraud|access-date=8 April 2014}}

In the 1970s, Norman W. Walker (inventor of the Norwalk Juicing Press) popularized raw food dieting.Coull, Lauren. (2015). "Raw Food". In Andrew F. Smith. Savoring Gotham: A Food Lover's Companion to New York City. Oxford University Press. pp. 490–491. {{ISBN|978-0-19-045465-4}} Leslie Kenton's book Raw Energy – Eat Your Way to Radiant Health, published in 1984, added popularity to foods such as sprouts, seeds, and fresh vegetable juices.{{cite web |url=http://www.nigelberman.co.uk/feature3_jan2002.htm |title=Raw energy |publisher=New Insight |access-date=2008-11-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031025125003/http://www.nigelberman.co.uk/feature3_jan2002.htm|archive-date=25 October 2003}} The book advocates a diet of 75% raw food, which it claims will prevent degenerative diseases, slow the effects of aging, provide enhanced energy, and boost emotional balance; it cites examples such as the sprouted-seed-enriched diets of the long-lived Hunza people and Gerson therapy, an unhealthy, dangerous and potentially very harmful{{cite web|url=http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/cancers-in-general/treatment/complementary-alternative/therapies/gerson-therapy|title=Gerson therapy|first=Cancer Research|last=UK|date=1 December 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160107123740/http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/cancers-in-general/treatment/complementary-alternative/therapies/gerson-therapy|archive-date=7 January 2016}} raw juice-based diet and detoxification regime claimed to treat cancer.{{cite web |url=http://www.cancer.org/docroot/ETO/content/ETO_5_3x_Gerson_therapy.asp |title=Gerson Therapy |publisher=American Cancer Society |access-date=22 April 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090420191809/http://www.cancer.org/docroot/ETO/content/ETO_5_3X_Gerson_Therapy.asp |archive-date=20 April 2009 }}

In the 21st century, raw food diets (particularly those focused on raw milk, raw eggs, and raw meat) have been popularized and politicized as part of a broader "right-wing bodybuilder" movement centered around hypermasculinity, physical fitness, fascination with ancient civilizations and opposition to feminism and mainstream modern culture.{{cite web|url=https://www.dazeddigital.com/beauty/body/article/55602/1/unpacking-the-weird-alt-right-propaganda-behind-the-raw-meat-movement|title=Unpacking the weird alt-right propaganda behind the raw meat movement|website=Dazed Digital|date=14 March 2022}}

{{see also|Cooking#Food safety}}

Claims held by raw food proponents include:

• That heating food above {{convert|104-118|F|C}} degrades enzymes in raw food that aid digestion. Enzymes in food play no significant role in the digestive process, before being digested themselves.
• That raw foods have higher nutrient values than foods that have been cooked.{{rp|44}} In fact, cooking has widely variable results on nutritional content, depending on the plant source and cooking method, and may increase the availability of fat-based nutrients, such as vitamin E and beta-carotene.{{cite journal|last1=Palermo|first1=M|last2=Pellegrini|first2=N|last3=Fogliano|first3=V|title=Review: The effect of cooking on the phytochemical content of vegetables.|journal=Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture|date=April 2014|volume=94|issue=6|pages=1057–70|pmid=24227349|doi=10.1002/jsfa.6478}}{{cite journal |last1=Lee |first1=Seongeung |last2=Choi |first2=Youngmin |last3=Jeong |first3=Heon Sang |last4=Lee |first4=Junsoo |last5=Sung |first5=Jeehye |title=Effect of different cooking methods on the content of vitamins and true retention in selected vegetables |journal=Food Science and Biotechnology |date=12 December 2017 |volume=27 |issue=2 |pages=333–342 |doi=10.1007/s10068-017-0281-1 |pmid=30263756 |pmc=6049644 }}
• That foods cooked at high temperatures, especially meat, may contain harmful toxins, including trans fatty acids produced by heating oil, acrylamide produced by frying, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.{{cite web |url=http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Risk/heterocyclic-amines |title=Chemicals in meat cooked at high temperatures and cancer risk|publisher=US National Cancer Institute |access-date=1 November 2020|date=11 July 2017 }} Not all cooked food contains harmful chemicals, and a diet containing a mix of cooked and raw food is normal.{{cite web|url=https://ec.europa.eu/food/sites/food/files/safety/docs/sci-com_scf_out154_en.pdf|title=PAH – Occurrence in foods, dietary exposure and health effects|date=4 December 2002|publisher=European Commission|author=Scientific Committee on Food – Task Force on PAH|access-date=2014-05-12|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170321083850/https://ec.europa.eu/food/sites/food/files/safety/docs/sci-com_scf_out154_en.pdf|archive-date=21 March 2017}} According to the American Cancer Society, it is not clear {{as of|2019|lc=yes}} whether acrylamide consumption affects the risk of cancer.{{cite web |url=http://www.cancer.org/cancer/cancercauses/othercarcinogens/athome/acrylamide |title=Acrylamide |date=11 January 2019 |publisher=American Cancer Society |access-date=1 September 2014 |archive-date=20 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161120194243/http://www.cancer.org/cancer/cancercauses/othercarcinogens/athome/acrylamide |url-status=dead }} Public health authorities recommend reducing consumption of overly-cooked starchy foods or meats.{{cite web |publisher=Cancer Research UK| title=Food Controversies—Acrylamide |url=http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/causes-of-cancer/diet-and-cancer/food-controversies#food_controversies0 |date=2016 |access-date=23 January 2017}}

File:Raw food.jpg

A raw food diet may impair the development of children and infants.{{Cite journal|pmid=15389429 |doi=10.1016/j.jada.2004.08.016 |year=2004 |last1=Cunningham |first1=E |title=What is a raw foods diet and are there any risks or benefits associated with it? |volume=104 |issue=10 |page=1623 |journal=Journal of the American Dietetic Association}} Careful planning is essential for a raw vegan diet, particularly for children,{{Cite journal|pmid=11424545 |doi=10.1016/S0002-8223(01)00167-5 |year=2001 |last1=Messina |first1=V |last2=Mangels |title=Considerations in planning vegan diets: children |volume=101 |issue=6 |pages=661–9 |journal=Journal of the American Dietetic Association |first2=AR}} as there may not be enough vitamin B₁₂, vitamin D, and calories for a growing child on a totally raw vegan diet.{{cite web|url=http://jscms.jrn.columbia.edu/cns/2006-03-14/breitman-rawfoodkids |title=The raw food diet: a half-baked idea for kids? — JSCMS |publisher=Jscms.jrn.columbia.edu |author=Rachel Breitman |access-date=2008-11-07 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080510123927/http://jscms.jrn.columbia.edu/cns/2006-03-14/breitman-rawfoodkids |archive-date = 10 May 2008}}

Food poisoning is a health risk for anyone consuming raw foods, and the increased demand for raw foods is associated with greater incidence of foodborne illness,{{Cite journal|pmid=8942264 |year=1996 |last1=Lee |first1=CC |last2=Lam |title=Foodborne diseases |volume=37 |issue=2 |pages=197–204 |journal=Singapore Medical Journal |first2=MS}} especially for raw meat, fish, and shellfish.{{Cite journal|pmid=16102769 |doi=10.1016/j.ijpara.2005.06.004 |year=2005 |last1=Macpherson |first1=CN |title=Human behaviour and the epidemiology of parasitic zoonoses |volume=35 |issue=11–12 |pages=1319–31 |journal=International Journal for Parasitology}}{{Cite journal|pmid=15620559 |doi=10.1016/S1473-3099(04)01252-6 |year=2005 |last1=Lun |first1=ZR |last2=Gasser |last3=Lai |last4=Li |last5=Zhu |last6=Yu |last7=Fang |title=Clonorchiasis: a key foodborne zoonosis in China |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=31–41 |journal=The Lancet Infectious Diseases |first2=RB |first3=DH |first4=AX |first5=XQ |first6=XB |first7=YY}} Outbreaks of gastroenteritis among consumers of raw and undercooked animal products (including smoked, pickled or dried animal products) are well-documented, and include raw meat,{{Cite journal |pmid=18032847 |url=http://www.nih.go.jp/JJID/60/405.html |year=2007 |last1=Yoshida |first1=H |last2=Matsuo |last3=Miyoshi |last4=Uchino |last5=Nakaguchi |last6=Fukumoto |last7=Teranaka |last8=Tanaka |title=An outbreak of cryptosporidiosis suspected to be related to contaminated food, October 2006, Sakai City, Japan |volume=60 |issue=6 |pages=405–7 |journal=Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases |first2=M |first3=T |first4=K |first5=H |first6=T |first7=Y |first8=T |doi=10.7883/yoken.JJID.2007.405 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120214182738/http://www.nih.go.jp/JJID/60/405.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2012-02-14 |access-date=2014-02-08 }}

{{Cite journal|pmid=15058817 |year=2003 |last1=Pozio |first1=E |title=Foodborne and waterborne parasites |volume=52 Suppl |pages=83–96 |journal=Acta Microbiologica Polonica}} raw organ meat, raw fish (whether ocean-going or freshwater), shellfish,{{Cite journal|pmid=17418305 |doi=10.1016/j.fm.2007.01.005 |year=2007 |last1=Su |first1=YC |last2=Liu |title=Vibrio parahaemolyticus: a concern of seafood safety |volume=24 |issue=6 |pages=549–58 |journal=Food Microbiology |first2=C}} raw milk and products made from raw milk,{{Cite journal |pmid=18551097 |url=https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5723a2.htm |year=2008 |title=Escherichia coli 0157:H7 infections in children associated with raw milk and raw colostrum from cows—California, 2006 |volume=57 |issue=23 |pages=625–8 |journal=MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report |author1=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170615014225/https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5723a2.htm |archive-date=2017-06-15 }}{{Cite journal |pmid=2200814 |url=https://www.journalofdairyscience.org/article/S0022-0302(90)78838-8/abstract |journal=Journal of Dairy Science |title=Concerns of Microbial Pathogens in Association with Dairy Foods |volume=73 |issue=6 |author=Donnelly, Catherine W. |year=1990 |doi=10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(90)78838-8 |doi-access=free |pages=1656–61 }}{{Cite journal|pmid=1854598 |doi=10.1016/0168-1605(91)90143-D |year=1991 |last1=Doyle |first1=MP |title=Escherichia coli O157:H7 and its significance in foods |volume=12 |issue=4 |pages=289–301 |journal=International Journal of Food Microbiology}} and raw eggs.{{Cite journal|pmid=7611983 |doi=10.1111/j.1751-0813.1995.tb15022.x |year=1995 |last1=Cox |first1=JM |title=Salmonella enteritidis: the egg and I |volume=72 |issue=3 |pages=108–15 |journal=Australian Veterinary Journal}}

One review stated that "Many raw foods are toxic and only become safe after they have been cooked. Some raw foods contain substances that affect the absorption of nutrients, interfere with digestive enzymes, or damage the walls of the intestine. Additionally, raw meat can be contaminated with bacteria which would be destroyed by cooking; raw fish can contain substances that interfere with vitamin B1 (anti-thiaminases)".Bender, Arnold E. (1986). Health or Hoax?: The Truth About Health Foods and Diets. Sphere Books. p. 40. {{ISBN|0-7221-1557-1}}

{{div col}}

• Amílcar de Sousa, 20th century raw foodist
• Béla Bicsérdy
• Bernando LaPallo
• Cooking
• Fruitarianism
• Green smoothie
• List of diets
• Orthopathy
• Category:Raw foodists
• Rejuvelac
• Sattvic diet
• Taboo food and drink
• Xerophagy, a form of fasting
• Liver King, an internet influencer known for eating raw meat and organs
• Raw water{{div col end}}

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