regions of Belarus
{{Short description|First-level administrative divisions of Belarus}}
{{Infobox subdivision type
| name = Regions of Belarus
| alt_name =
| map = 300px
| category = First-level subdivision of a unitary state
| territory = Belarus
| start_date = 1960
| current_number = 6 regions
1 capital city
| number_date =
| population_range = (Regions only): 981,174 (Mogilev) – 1,992,862 (Minsk)
| area_range = (Provinces only): {{Convert|9698.14|sqmi|km2|order=flip|abbr=on}} (Grodno) – {{Convert|15583.72|sqmi|km2|order=flip|abbr=on}} (Gomel)
| government = Province government
| subdivision = Raion
}}
{{Politics of Belarus}}
At the top level of administration, Belarus is divided into six regions and one capital city. The six regions are oblasts (also known as voblastsi), while the city of Minsk has a special status as the capital of Belarus.[http://www.statoids.com/uby.html Belarus Regions] Minsk also serves as the administrative center of Minsk Region.[http://www.embassybel.ru/belarus/minsk/ Minsk summary], at the website of the Belarus embassy in Russia.
At the second level, the regions are divided into districts (raions).
The layout and extent of the regions were set in 1960 when Belarus (then the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic) was a constituent republic of the Soviet Union.
{{Cite web
|title=Regions of Belarus
|url=http://www.statoids.com/uby.html
|publisher=Statoids
}}
History
At the start of the 20th century, the boundaries of the Belarusian lands within the Russian Empire were still being defined. In 1900 it was contained within all of the Minsk and Mogilev governorates, most of Grodno Governorate, parts of Vitebsk Governorate, and parts of Vilna Governorate. World War I, the independence of Poland, as well as the 1920–1921 Polish–Soviet War affected the boundaries. In 1921, Belarus had what is now all of Minsk Governorate except for the western fringe, the western part of Gomel Region, a western slice of Mogilev, and a small part of Vitebsk Region. In 1926, the eastern part of Gomel region was added.
In the Byelorussian SSR, new administrative units, called oblasts or voblastsi{{Cite web |title=Belarus: Government and society |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Belarus/Government-and-society#ref409404 |access-date=6 August 2023 |website=Encyclopædia Britannica}} (cognate of Russian word oblast with prothetic v-) were introduced in 1938. During World War II, Belarus gained territory to the west, with the Baranavichy, Belastok (Białystok), Brest, Pinsk, and Vileyka oblasts. In 1944, Belastok was eliminated and the new oblasts of Babruysk, Grodno, and Polotsk were created. At that same time, Vileika oblast was renamed Molodechno Oblast.
At different times between 1938 and 1960, the following oblasts existed:
- Babruysk Oblast, created 1944, eliminated 1954
- Baranavichy Oblast, created 1939, eliminated 1954
- Belastok Oblast, created 1939, eliminated 1944 (now Białystok in Poland)
- Brest Region, created 1939
- Gomel Oblast, created 1938
- Grodno Oblast, created 1944
- Maladzyechna Oblast renamed from Vileyka Oblast 1944, eliminated 1960
- Mogilev Oblast, created 1938
- Minsk Oblast, created 1938
- Navahrudak Oblast, created 1939, renamed Baranavichy Oblast December 1939
- Pinsk Oblast, created 1939, eliminated 1954
- Polatsk Oblast, created 1944, eliminated 1954
- Polesia Oblast, created 1938, eliminated 1954
- Vitebsk Oblast, created 1938
- Vileyka Oblast, created 1939, renamed to Maladzyechna Oblast 1944
Regions
| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Regions of Belarus | |||||||||||
| scope="col" |
! scope="col" class=unsortable | Flag ! scope="col" | Region ! scope="col" | Capital ! scope="col" | Russian ! scope="col" | Belarusian ! scope="col" | Population ! scope="col" | Area ! scope="col" | Density ! scope="col" | % of ! scope="col" | Average monthly gross wage{{cite web|url=https://www.belstat.gov.by/upload-belstat/upload-belstat-excel/Oficial_statistika/2024/nach_sr_zarplata_obl-2411-en.xlsx |title= Nominal gross average earnings in the Republic of Belarus|website= www.belstat.gov.by}} | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | {{ListFlag|Flag_of_Minsk,_Belarus.svg|45x45px}} | colspan="2"|{{center|City of Minsk}} | Минск | Мінск | 1,992,862 | 305.50 | 6,606.48 | 21.44% | US$ 22.6 billion | US$ 953 | |
| 2 | File:Flag_of_Brest_Voblast,_Belarus.svg | Brest | Brest | Брестская | Брэсцкая | 1,308,569 | 32,790.68 | 41.11 | 14.32% | US$ 8.4 billion | US$ 639 |
| 3 | File:Flag_of_Homyel_Voblast.svg | Gomel | Gomel | Гомельская | Гомельская | 1,338,617 | 40,361.66 | 34.40 | 14.75% | US$ 8.8 billion | US$ 643 |
| 4 | File:Flag_of_Hrodna_Voblasts.svg | Grodno | Grodno | Гродненская | Гродзенская | 992,556 | 25,118.07 | 40.88 | 10.91% | US$ 8.1 billion | US$ 643 |
| 5 | File:Flag_of_Mahilyow_Voblast.svg | Mogilev | Mogilev | Могилёвская | Магілёўская | 981,174 | 29,079.01 | 35.24 | 10.89% | US$ 5.7 billion | US$ 600 |
| 6 | File:Flag_of_Minsk_Voblast.svg | Minsk | Minsk | Минская | Мінская | 1,460,289 | 39,912.35 | 36.86 | 15.63% | US$ 14.1 billion | US$ 720 |
| 7 | File:Flag_of_Vitsebsk_Voblasts.svg | Vitebsk | Vitebsk | Витебская | Вiцебская | 1,081,911 | 40,049.99 | 28.36 | 12.06% | US$ 6.8 billion | US$ 602 |
| Belarus | Minsk | colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |Беларусь | 9,155,978 | 207,617.26 | 45.34 | 100.00% | US$ 74.5 billion | US$ 714 |
Historical division
{{Multiple image
|header= Administrative division of Byelorussian SSR by year
|align =center
|total_height = 300
|total_width = 1000
| image1 = Округа Белорусской ССР.png
| caption1 = 1926
| image2 = Приграничные_округа_Белорусской_ССР_(1927).svg
| caption2 = 1927
| image3 = Адміністрацыйна-тэрытарыяльны_падзел_БССР._1940.svg
| caption3 = 1940
| image4 = Административное_деление_БССР_(1945).svg
| caption4 = 1945
| image5 = Административное_деление_БССР_(1955).svg
| caption5 = 1955
}}
{{clear}}
See also
- ISO 3166-2:BY, the ISO codes of the oblasts of Belarus.
- List of regions of Belarus by Human Development Index
References
{{reflist}}
External links
- [https://www.belarus.by/en/about-belarus/map Interactive map of Belarus]
- [http://president.gov.by/en/regions_en/ Regions (oblasts) of Belarus, The official President's website]
- [https://www.belarus.by/en/about-belarus/geography/ Geography of Belarus, The official website of Belarus]
- [https://vedaj.by/index.php/en/towns Belarusian regions, towns and villages]
- [http://www.eki.ee/wgrs/rom2_be.htm Current Status of United Nations Romanization Systems for Geographical Names of Belarus]
{{First-level administrative divisions of Belarus}}
{{Belarus topics}}
{{Articles on first-level administrative divisions of European countries}}