rishama (ablution)

{{Short description|Daily ablution ritual in Mandaeism}}

File:Mandaeans at prayer by the riverside, Ahvaz, Iran 2013.jpg River in Ahvaz, Iran]]

File:Yahya Yuhana Mandi 04.png in Sydney, Australia). Summary:

1. Wash the hands

2. Wash the face 3 times

3. Wash the forehead 3 times

4. Wash the ears 3 times

5. Wash the nose

6. Wash the seat

7. Wash the mouth 3 times

8. Wash the knees 3 times

9. Wash the legs 3 times

10. Throw water on the head with the fingers of both hands

11. Dip right and then left foot in water]]

{{Mandaeism}}

{{For|the Mandaean priestly title|Rishama}}

In Mandaeism, rishama (rišama) ({{langx|myz|ࡓࡉࡔࡀࡌࡀ|translit=rišama}}) is a daily ablution ritual. Unlike the masbuta, it does not require the assistance of a priest.{{cite book|last=Buckley|first=Jorunn Jacobsen|title=The Mandaeans: ancient texts and modern people|publisher=Oxford University Press|publication-place=New York|year=2002|isbn=0-19-515385-5|oclc=65198443}} Rishama (signing) is performed before prayers and involves washing the face and limbs while reciting specific prayers such as the rushma. It is performed daily, before sunrise, with hair covered and after evacuation of bowels, or before religious ceremonies.{{cite web|author=Mandaean Awareness and Guidance Board|date=28 May 2014|title=Mandaean Beliefs & Mandaean Practices|url=http://www.mandaeanunion.com/culture/item/1249-mandaean-beliefs|website=Mandaean Associations Union|access-date=26 November 2021}}{{cite book | last=Häberl | first=Charles | url=https://www.liverpooluniversitypress.co.uk/doi/book/10.3828/9781800856271 | title=The Book of Kings and the Explanations of This World: A Universal History from the Late Sasanian Empire | location=Liverpool | publisher=Liverpool University Press | date=2022 | doi=10.3828/9781800856271 | doi-broken-date=1 November 2024 | isbn=978-1-80085-627-1}}{{rp|16}}

Tamasha (ṭamaša) is another type of ablution performed by Mandaeans in which the entire body is fully immersed three times in water.

Although the term for the Mandaean daily minor ablution is also spelled the same in written Classical Mandaic (rišama), the word for 'minor ablution' is pronounced in Modern Mandaic as {{lang|mid|rešāmā}}, while 'head priest' is pronounced {{lang|mid|rišammā}}.{{cite book | last=Häberl | first=Charles | url=https://www.liverpooluniversitypress.co.uk/doi/book/10.3828/9781800856271 | title=The Book of Kings and the Explanations of This World: A Universal History from the Late Sasanian Empire | location=Liverpool | publisher=Liverpool University Press | date=2022 | doi=10.3828/9781800856271 | doi-broken-date=1 November 2024 | isbn=978-1-80085-627-1}}{{rp|219}}