rocinha

{{Distinguish|Rochinha (disambiguation){{!}}Rochinha}}

{{Infobox settlement

| name = Rocinha

| native_name =

| other_name =

| settlement_type = Neighborhood

| image_skyline = Rocinha 1 by Diego Baravelli.jpg

| imagesize =

| image_caption =

| image_map =

| pushpin_map = Brazil Rio de Janeiro#Brazil

| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Rio de Janeiro

| subdivision_type = Country

| subdivision_name = {{flag|Brazil}}

| subdivision_type1 = State

| subdivision_name1 = Rio de Janeiro

| subdivision_type2 = Municipality/City

| subdivision_name2 = Rio de Janeiro

| subdivision_type3 = Zone

| subdivision_name3 = South Zone

| subdivision_type4 = Administrative Region

| subdivision_name4 = Rocinha

| area_total_ha = 143.72

| population_as_of = 2017

| population_footnotes = {{cite web | url=http://portalgeo.rio.rj.gov.br/bairroscariocas/mostra_temas.php?varea=Rocinha&area=154&tipo=click | title=Bairro: Rocinha | publisher=Prefeitura do Rio de Janeiro | access-date=25 November 2014 | archive-date=29 November 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129164622/http://portalgeo.rio.rj.gov.br/bairroscariocas/mostra_temas.php?varea=Rocinha&area=154&tipo=click | url-status=live }}

| population_total = 69,356 (2010 census)

| population_density_km2 = auto

| coordinates = {{coord|22|59|19|S|43|14|54|W|region:BR|display=inline,title}}

}}

Rocinha ({{IPA|pt|ʁɔˈsĩɲɐ}}, {{lit|little farm}}) is a favela in Brazil, located in Rio de Janeiro's South Zone between the districts of São Conrado and Gávea. Rocinha is built on a steep hillside overlooking Rio de Janeiro, and is located about one kilometre from a nearby beach. Most of the favela is on a very steep hill, with many trees surrounding it. Around 200,000 people live in Rocinha, making it the most populous in Rio de Janeiro.{{Cite web |last=Enfoco |date=2023-03-17 |title=Rocinha não é mais a maior favela do Brasil, diz IBGE {{!}} Enfoco |url=https://enfoco.com.br/noticias/cidades/rocinha-nao-e-mais-a-maior-favela-do-brasil-diz-ibge-92360 |access-date=2024-02-21 |website=Enfoco - O seu site de notícias |language=pt-br}}

Although Rocinha is officially categorized as a neighbourhood, many still refer to it as a favela. It developed from a shanty town into an urbanized slum. Today, almost all the houses in Rocinha are made from concrete and brick. Some buildings are three and four storeys tall and almost all houses have basic plumbing and electricity. Compared to simple shanty towns or slums, Rocinha has a better developed infrastructure and hundreds of businesses such as banks, medicine stores, bus routes, cable television, including locally based channel TV ROC (TV Rocinha), and, at one time, a McDonald's franchise.{{cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2004/apr/17/brazil.garethchetwynd | work=The Guardian | location=London | title=Deadly setback for a model favela | first=Gareth | last=Chetwynd | date=2004-04-17 | access-date=2010-05-22 | archive-date=2013-08-28 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130828012033/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2004/apr/17/brazil.garethchetwynd | url-status=live }} These factors help classify Rocinha as a favela bairro, or favela neighborhood.

Community

File:rocinha rio de janeiro panorama 2010.jpg

File:1 rocinha night 2014 panorama.jpg

There are a number of community organizations at work in Rocinha, including neighbourhood associations and numerous NGOs and non-profit educational and cultural institutions.{{cite web|title=Favela Community NGOs Fill the Gaps in Rio's Educational System|url=http://www.rioonwatch.org/?p=32232|website=RioOnWatch|access-date=4 November 2017|date=17 November 2016|archive-date=20 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170920045348/http://www.rioonwatch.org/?p=32232|url-status=live}}{{cite web|title=Rocinha / Organizações|url=http://www.riomaissocial.org/territorios/rocinha-2/?secao=organizacoes|website=www.riomaissocial.org|access-date=4 November 2017|language=pt-BR|archive-date=7 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107012253/http://www.riomaissocial.org/territorios/rocinha-2/?secao=organizacoes|url-status=live}} Rocinha is home to most of the service workers in Zona Sul (the South Zone of Rio){{citation needed|date=November 2017}}.

In recent years, due to its relative safety in comparison to other favelas, Rocinha has developed tourism-oriented activities such as hostels, nightclubs and guided tours. In September 2017, between 150 and 601 tourists were estimated to visit the slum per day, despite foreign governments' and the Rio police's safety warnings recommending against it. In October 2017, a Spanish tourist died after being shot by the police while visiting Rocinha during a turf war.{{cite news|last1=Kiernan|first1=Paul|title=Rio Police Killing of Spaniard Spotlights Perils of Slum Tourism|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/rio-police-killing-of-spaniard-spotlights-perils-of-slum-tourism-1509200803|access-date=4 November 2017|work=Wall Street Journal|date=28 October 2017|archive-date=3 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171103234338/https://www.wsj.com/articles/rio-police-killing-of-spaniard-spotlights-perils-of-slum-tourism-1509200803|url-status=live}}

During the years of 2014 to 2017, The slum was controlled by Amigos dos Amigos, although it is often caught in violent disputes among (and within) different criminal organizations.{{cite web|last1=Glenny|first1=Misha|title=One of Rio de Janeiro's Safest Favelas Descends Into Violence, the Latest Sign of a City in Chaos|url=https://theintercept.com/2017/09/25/rocinha-favela-rio-de-janeiro-violence/|website=The Intercept|access-date=4 November 2017|date=25 September 2017|archive-date=7 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107012737/https://theintercept.com/2017/09/25/rocinha-favela-rio-de-janeiro-violence/|url-status=live}}

=Police and military operations=

In November 2011, a security operation was undertaken where hundreds of police and military patrolled the streets of Rocinha to crack down on rampant drug dealers and bring government control to the neighbourhood.{{cite news | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-15710719 | title=Brazil police target drug gangs in Rio's biggest slum | publisher=BBC News | date=13 November 2011 | access-date=13 November 2011 | archive-date=13 November 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111113091637/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-15710719 | url-status=live }}

In December 2017, drug kingpin Rogério da Silva, known as Rogério 157, was arrested in Rocinha, in an operation involving 3,000 members of the Brazilian military and police forces. Rogério was wanted on charges of homicide, extortion, and drug trafficking.Dom Phillips, [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/dec/06/most-wanted-trafficker-brazil-rogerio-da-silva-in-rio-arrested-3000-strong-operation Rio police hail arrest of drug kingpin in 3,000-strong favela operation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329104011/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/dec/06/most-wanted-trafficker-brazil-rogerio-da-silva-in-rio-arrested-3000-strong-operation |date=2018-03-29 }}, The Guardian (December 6, 2017).Dom Phillips & Júlio Carvalho, [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/dec/10/brazil-rio-favela-rogerio-da-silva-drugs Arrest of Rio drug kingpin brings fear of power grab – and further violence] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329121328/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/dec/10/brazil-rio-favela-rogerio-da-silva-drugs |date=2018-03-29 }}, The Guardian (December 10, 2017).

Rocinha, one of the most developed.{{cite book |title=Brazil |last1=St. Louis |first1=Regis |first2=Andrew |last2=Draffen |year=2005 |publisher=Lonely Planet |isbn=978-1-74104-021-0 |page=139 |edition=6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9-8aIGD--cAC&pg=PA139 |access-date=2016-10-16 |archive-date=2014-06-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140628161325/http://books.google.com/books?id=9-8aIGD--cAC&pg=PA139 |url-status=live }} Rocinha's population was estimated at between 150,000 and 300,000 inhabitants during the 2000s;{{cite book|title=Fodor's Brazil|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781400019663|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781400019663/page/47 47]|publisher=Random House|year=2008| isbn=9781400019663 }} but the IBGE Census of 2010 counted only 69,161 people.{{cite news | url=http://noticias.uol.com.br/cotidiano/ultimas-noticias/2011/12/21/mais-de-11-milhoes-vivem-em-favelas-no-brasil-diz-ibge-maioria-esta-na-regiao-sudeste.htm | title=Mais de 11 milhões vivem em favelas no Brasil, diz IBGE; maioria está na região Sudeste | work=UOL Notícias | date=21 December 2011 | access-date=25 November 2014 | author=Garcia, Janaina | language=pt | archive-date=11 November 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111022500/http://noticias.uol.com.br/cotidiano/ultimas-noticias/2011/12/21/mais-de-11-milhoes-vivem-em-favelas-no-brasil-diz-ibge-maioria-esta-na-regiao-sudeste.htm | url-status=live }} In 2017, The Economist reported a population of 100,000 in an area of 1 km² (250 acres).{{cite news|title=Rio's post-Olympic blues|url=https://www.economist.com/news/americas/21730054-feuding-gangs-and-empty-coffers-are-pushing-up-murder-rate-rios-post-olympic-blues|newspaper=The Economist|date=5 October 2017|access-date=6 October 2017|archive-date=6 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171006092847/https://www.economist.com/news/americas/21730054-feuding-gangs-and-empty-coffers-are-pushing-up-murder-rate-rios-post-olympic-blues|url-status=live}}

In literature, film and music

Robert Neuwirth discusses Rocinha in his book entitled Shadow Cities.{{cite web|title=Publishers Weekly review - Shadow Cities: A Billion Squatters, a New Urban World| date=November 2004 |url=http://www.publishersweekly.com/978-0-415-93319-3|publisher=Publishers Weekly|access-date=14 June 2012|archive-date=21 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221215742/http://www.publishersweekly.com/978-0-415-93319-3|url-status=live}} Rio de Janeiro was made the setting for the animation film Rio, where many scenes take place in Rocinha.

Also, Rocinha is the setting of the book Nemesis: One Man and the Battle for Rio by Misha Glenny in which he describes the rise and fall of Antônio Francisco Bonfim Lopes.

In 1998, Philip Glass wrote an orchestral piece titled "Days and Nights in Rocinha". It was meant as a reference to Ravel's Boléro, written for Dennis Russell Davies, to thank him for putting Glass' works on stage. He was inspired by dance music that he heard during the carnival, resulting in a samba-like rhythmical structure with a lot of time signature changes and varieties, such as 14/8, 15/8 and 9/8+4/4.

The 2008 film The Incredible Hulk featured aerial footage of Rocinha, showing the large number of intermodal containers repurposed as housing, and included an extensive chase scene filmed in the favela on the ground and across rooftops.{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0800080/locations |title=Filming locations for The Incredible Hulk |publisher=Internet Movie Database |access-date=3 November 2010 |archive-date=16 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120516104751/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0800080/locations |url-status=live }}{{better source needed|date=November 2014}} It was also featured in the 2011 film Fast Five.

In mass media and popular culture

File:Rocinha by Diego Baravelli.jpg

Many celebrities have visited Rocinha, including Mikhail Gorbachev (during the Earth Summit of 1992) and actor Christopher Lambert. Some episodes of the Brazilian television series Cidade dos Homens (City of Men) were filmed there.

=Video games=

In the 2009 video game Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2, two of the main campaign missions and a multiplayer map based on it are set in the favela.
In Call of Duty: Black Ops III, Rocinha is mentioned as the hometown of the specialist Outrider.
In the 2015 tactical first-person shooter game Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six Siege, a map called "Favela" is based on Rocinha.
Harran, the city in which Dying Light takes place, was inspired in part by the favela.{{cite web|url=https://www.mcvuk.com/business-news/publishing/the-develop-post-mortem-dying-light/|title=The Develop Post-Mortem: Dying Light|work=MCVUK|date=1 February 2017|access-date=27 August 2020|archive-date=27 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200827163611/https://www.mcvuk.com/business-news/publishing/the-develop-post-mortem-dying-light/|url-status=live}}