rosso corsa
{{Short description|Red colour used on Italian racing cars}}
{{expand Italian|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox color
|title = Rosso corsa
|spelling = color
|image = File:1938 Alfa Romeo 8C 2900 Mille Miglia interior.jpg
|caption = 1938 Alfa Romeo 8C 2900 MM
|symbolism = Italian motor racing, Ferrari
|hex = D40000
|source = ColorHexa{{Cite web |title=Rosso corsa / #d40000 hex color |url=https://www.colorhexa.com/d40000 |access-date=2022-08-25 |website=ColorHexa |language=en-us}}
|isccname = Vivid red}}
Rosso corsa (lit. "racing red" in Italian) is the red international motor racing colour of cars entered by teams from Italy.{{sfn|Bristow|2013|p=7}}
Since the 1920s Italian race cars of Alfa Romeo, Maserati, Lancia, and later Ferrari and Abarth have been painted in rosso corsa ("racing red"). This was the customary national racing colour of Italy as recommended between the world wars by the organisations that later became the FIA. In that scheme of international auto racing colours, German cars were white or silver (Silver Arrows), French cars were blue (Bleu de France), British cars were green (British racing green), etc.
History
In the Peking to Paris race of 1907, the first to arrive in Paris was Prince Scipione Borghese, an Italian aristocrat. He was accompanied by Luigi Barzini, a journalist who worked for The Daily Telegraph, and a valet, Ettore Guizzardi, who acted as his mechanic and traveled with a supply of Lanson champagne. The prince was so confident of winning that he took a detour of several hundred miles from Moscow to St Petersburg for a dinner in honour of the team, and afterwards headed back to Moscow and rejoined the race. Their chief rival was Charles Goddard, a fairground worker and con artist who, until he learned of the race from a scrap of newspaper he found blowing in the wind, had never sat in a motor car and was arrested for fraud as he approached the finish line.
Goddard, who came second, lacked the resources of Borghese and had to beg fellow competitors for fuel. In a desperate attempt to catch up, he set an endurance record for non-stop driving for 24 hours. The prince's prize was simply a magnum of Mumm champagne, and the red colour of his 1907 Itala car was adopted by Italy as its racing colour in his honour.{{sfn|Copping|2007}}{{sfn|St. Clair|2016}}
In Formula One, the colour was not determined by the country the car was made in nor by the nationality of the driver(s) but by the nationality of the team entering the vehicle. E.g. the Ferrari works team has always kept a red colour in the tradition of rosso corsa, the national racing colour of Italy, except for last two races in the {{F1|1964}} season (the 1964 United States Grand Prix and 1964 Mexican Grand Prix) when Enzo Ferrari let his cars be entered by the NART team in American national racing colours (white with blue lengthwise "Cunningham racing stripes") to protest against Italian racing authorities. However, Ferrari cars entered by non-Italian privateer teams wore their respective national racing colours until the 1961 Belgian Grand Prix when Belgian driver Olivier Gendebien privately entered a Ferrari car painted in the Belgian racing yellow colour, scoring 4th behind three other Ferrari cars painted in red as they were entered by the Scuderia Ferrari works team itself, and driven by US drivers Phil Hill and Richie Ginther as well as German Wolfgang von Trips.
Ferrari won the 1964 World championship with John Surtees by competing the last two races (the United States Grand Prix and Mexican Grand Prix) in Ferrari 158 cars painted white with blue lengthwise "Cunningham racing stripes" – the national colours of the teams licensed in the United States – as these were entered not by the Italian factory themselves but by the American NART team. This was done as a protest against the agreement between Ferrari and the Italian Racing Authorities regarding their planned mid-engined Ferrari race car. Since Ferrari cars entered in {{F1|1965}} and {{F1|1969}} seasons by the NART team and at the 1966 Italian Grand Prix by the British privateer Reg Parnell team kept wearing the red colour, the 1964 Mexican Grand Prix was the last time Ferrari cars wore other than the traditional red colour in Formula One.
National colours were mostly replaced in Formula One by commercial sponsor liveries in {{F1|1968}}, but unlike most other teams, Ferrari always kept the traditional red but the shade of the colour varied.{{Cite web|last=motorlat|date=2017-11-14|title=The evolution of Scuderia Ferrari's Marlboro in F1|url=https://www.motorlat.com/notas/historica/3103/the-evolution-of-scuderia-ferraris-marlboro-in-f1|website=motorlat.com|language=en|access-date=2022-08-27}} From 1996 to 2007 Ferrari F1 cars were painted in a brighter, almost orange day-glo to adjust for colour balance on television screens. The original Rosso corsa may appear almost dark brown in older television sets. The Rosso corsa shade of red made a return on the F1 cars at the 2007 Monaco Grand Prix, possibly in line with the increasing market presence of higher quality high definition television. In 2020 Tuscan Grand Prix Ferrari cars were again painted in original Rosso corsa to commemorate Ferrari's 1000th race in the Formula 1 World Championship.
Italian motorcycle company Ducati also features this color as one of their main colors both in its racing motorcycles such as the Ducati Desmosedici{{Cite web |date=2022-01-31 |title=MotoGP, Ducati cambia Rosso: l'analisi di Alex Design |url=https://www.corsedimoto.com/motomondiale/motogp/motogp-ducati-cambia-rosso-lanalisi-di-alex-design/ |access-date=2022-08-20 |website=Corsedimoto |language=it}} and in its road bikes such as the Ducati Panigale V2.{{Cite web |title=Ducati Panigale V2: High Performance, Red Essence {{!}} Ducati |url=https://www.ducati.com/ww/en/bikes/panigale/panigale-v2 |access-date=2022-08-20 |website=www.ducati.com |language=en}}
Red cars are also traditional in Alfa Romeo and Ferrari car running in other motorsport championships, such as Supertouring championships in the former and the 24 Hours of Le Mans and 24 Hours of Daytona in the latter. In contrast, since the 2000s Maserati has been using white and blue and Abarth has been using white with red flashes. Rosso Corsa is also an extremely popular colour choice for Ferrari road cars, nearly 80% of all Ferraris sold are in the colour.
Gallery
File:1925 Itala Tipo 11.jpg|1925 Itala Tipo 11
File:Maserati A6GCS at Goodwood 2014 001.jpg|Maserati A6GCS
File:Bandini, Lorenzo - Ferrari-12-Zylinder 1966.jpg|Ferrari 312 at 1966 German GP
File:Alfa Romeo 33 SC 12 Sovralimentata 1977 red vr TCE.jpg|Alfa Romeo Tipo 33 SC 12, 1977 World Sportscar Championship winner
File:Kimi Raikkonen 070615.jpg|Ferrari SF15-T, fielded in the 2015 Formula One season
File:Ferrari Supercars at The Quail (14827322787).jpg|Ferrari Supercars at the Quail
File:PalmOne Ferrari.jpg|Palm One Ferrari 360 Challenge Stradale
File:Ferrari California Paris August 2010.jpg|Ferrari California, the first Ferrari to feature a metal-folding roof.
File:Ducati Desmosedici GP8 on display 2008 Motegi.jpg|Ducati Desmosedici GP8, fielded in the 2008 MotoGP season
See also
Notes
{{reflist}}
References
{{refbegin}}
- {{cite book|title=Restoring Sprites and Midgets|last=Bristow|first=Grahame|publisher=M-Y Books Distribution|year=2013|isbn=9781783180189}}
- {{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1552790/Beijing-to-Paris-motor-race-back-on-course.html|title=Beijing to Paris motor race back on course|last=Copping|first=Jasper|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|date=27 May 2007|access-date=2013-11-26}}
- {{Cite book|title=The Secret Lives of Colour|last=St. Clair|first=Kassia|publisher=John Murray|year=2016|isbn=9781473630819|location=London|page=148–149|oclc=936144129}}
{{refend}}
Further reading
- {{cite book|title=Italian Racing Red: Drivers, Cars and Triumphs of Italian Motor Racing Racing Colours|last=Ludvigsen|first=Karl|publisher=Ian Allan Publishers|year=2008|isbn=9780711033313}}
{{National symbols of Italy}}
{{Shades of red}}