ruta
{{Short description|Genus of shrubs in the family Rutaceae}}
{{Other uses}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Ruta chalepensis11.jpg
| image_caption = Ruta chalepensis, fringed rue
| taxon = Ruta
| authority = L.
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = See text.
}}
File:Ruta angustifolia MHNT.BOT.2008.1.4.jpg]]
Ruta (commonly known as rue) is a genus of strongly scented evergreen subshrubs, 20–60 cm tall, in the family Rutaceae, native to the Mediterranean region, Macaronesia and southwest Asia. About ten species are accepted in the genus. The most well-known species is Ruta graveolens (rue or common rue).
The leaves are bipinnate or tripinnate, with a feathery appearance, and green to strongly glaucous blue-green in colour. The flowers are yellow, with 4–5 petals, about 1 cm diameter, and borne in cymes. The fruit is a 4–5-lobed capsule, containing numerous seeds.
Species
{{As of|2021|September}}, Plants of the World Online accepted ten species:{{cite web |title=Ruta L. |work=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew|url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:35941-1 |access-date=2021-09-15 }}
- Ruta angustifolia Pers.
- Ruta chalepensis L.
- Ruta corsica DC.
- Ruta graveolens L.
- Ruta lamarmorae Bacch., Brullo & Giusso
- Ruta lindsayi Turrill
- Ruta microcarpa Svent.
- Ruta montana (L.) L.
- Ruta oreojasme Webb
- Ruta pinnata L.f.
Medicinal uses
File:Effet de la rue officinale.jpg
Extracts from rue have been used to treat eyestrain, sore eyes, and as insect repellent.{{cite book | author1=J. G. Vaughan | author2=P. A. Judd | title=The Oxford Book of Health Foods | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WX7bHY98LAQC | year=2006 | publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-280680-2}}{{medrs|date=September 2012}} Rue has been used internally as an antispasmodic, as a treatment for menstrual problems, as an abortifacient, and as a sedative.{{cite book | author1=J. G. Vaughan | author2=P. A. Judd | title=The Oxford Book of Health Foods|publisher=Oxford University Press |page = [https://archive.org/details/oxfordbookofheal0000vaug/page/137 137] | year = 2003 | url = https://archive.org/details/oxfordbookofheal0000vaug | url-access=registration | isbn = 0-19-850459-4}}{{medrs|date=September 2012}}
Ruta graveolens and Ruta chalepensis are often confused in scientific literature.{{cite journal |author=Kannan R, Babu UV |title=Identity and pharmacognosy of Ruta graveolens Linn |journal=Anc Sci Life |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=16–9 |date=July 2012 |pmid=23929988 |pmc=3733200 |doi=10.4103/0257-7941.113792 |doi-access=free }}
Traditional uses
Since medieval times, rue has been used as an additive to wines (both white and red) to enhance its flavour and its keeping properties. The Dutch name wijnruit, translates as wine rue. In Italy, rue is added to grappa to produce Grappa alla Ruta. Rue's toxicity has long been known but since it appears to be slight it has been used as an additive in wine for a long time.
In Brazil the plant is called arruda, in Portuguese – is claimed to protect against the evil eye.{{Cite web |last=altoastral |title=Faça 5 simpatias com arruda para abrir caminhos e proteção |url=https://www.terra.com.br/vida-e-estilo/horoscopo/esoterico/faca-5-simpatias-com-arruda-para-abrir-caminhos-e-protecao,77d6be358d385690ff9767f581b1f99dn25iyfi9.html |access-date=2023-10-28 |website=Terra |language=pt-BR}} Sephardic Jews also use the herb for protection against evil eye.{{Cite web |title=Kaf HaChayim on Shulchan Arukh, Orach Chayim 301:135 |url=https://www.sefaria.org/Kaf_HaChayim_on_Shulchan_Arukh,_Orach_Chayim.301.135?lang=bi |access-date=2025-03-09 |website=www.sefaria.org}}
Traditionally, it has various health benefits including, digestive aid as it helps in stimulating digestion and alleviating stomach issues. Its anti-inflammatory properties help in curing joints pain and arthritis. It is used to regulate menstrual cycle and helps in relieve menstrual cramps. It also helps in reducing muscle spasms and cramps.{{Cite web |last=Hamzi |date=2024-06-03 |title=Ruda: The Herb of Protection and Healing |url=https://hdmovieplug.com/ruda-the-herb-of-protection-and-healing/ |access-date=2024-06-13 |website=HDMOVIEPLUG |language=en-US}}
Precautions
Caution should be taken with using rue topically. Applied to the skin with sun exposure, the oil and leaves can cause blistering.{{cite journal |first1=Kimberly |last1=Eickhorst |first2=Vincent |last2=DeLeo |first3= Joan |last3=Csaposs |year=2007 |title=Rue the herb: Ruta graveolens-associated phytophototoxicity |journal=Dermatitis |volume=18 |issue=1 |pages=52–55 |pmid=17303046 |doi=10.2310/6620.2007.06033}} Some people are much more sensitive than others. Exposure to common rue, or herbal preparations derived from it, can cause severe phytophotodermatitis, which results in burn-like blisters on the skin.{{cite journal | pmid = 19671699 | year = 2009 | last1 = Arias-Santiago | first1 = SA | last2 = Fernández-Pugnaire | first2 = MA | last3 = Almazán-Fernández | first3 = FM | last4 = Serrano-Falcón | first4 = C | last5 = Serrano-Ortega | first5 = S | title = Phytophotodermatitis due to Ruta graveolens prescribed for fibromyalgia | volume = 48 | issue = 11 | pages = 1401 | doi = 10.1093/rheumatology/kep234 | journal = Rheumatology| doi-access = free }}{{cite journal | pmid = 17667834 | year = 2007 | last1 = Furniss | first1 = D | last2 = Adams | first2 = T | title = Herb of grace: An unusual cause of phytophotodermatitis mimicking burn injury | volume = 28 | issue = 5 | pages = 767–769 | doi = 10.1097/BCR.0B013E318148CB82 | journal = Journal of Burn Care & Research}}{{cite journal | pmid = 10515113 | year = 1999 | last1 = Wessner | first1 = D | last2 = Hofmann | first2 = H | last3 = Ring | first3 = J | title = Phytophotodermatitis due to Ruta graveolens applied as protection against evil spells | volume = 41 | issue = 4 | page = 232 | journal = Contact Dermatitis | doi = 10.1111/j.1600-0536.1999.tb06145.x| s2cid = 45280728 }} The mechanism of action is currently unknown.{{Cite journal |last1=Naghibi Harat |first1=Z. |last2=Kamalinejad |first2=M. |last3=Sadeghi |first3=M. R. |last4=Sadeghipour |first4=H. R. |last5=Eshraghian |first5=M. R. |date=2009-05-10 |title=A Review on Ruta graveolens L. Its Usage in Traditional Medicine and Modern Research Data |url=http://jmp.ir/article-1-360-en.html |journal=Journal of Medicinal Plants |language=en |volume=8 |issue=30 |pages=1–19}}
References
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